问答题Directions: You"ve learned that your friend Jimmy was injured in a car accident. Write him a letter expressing your concern and giving your best wishes. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don"t need to write the address.

问答题(46) Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively "Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain' s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. (47) The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic. What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. (48) Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Northern colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences. (49) However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of America. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan (Northern) colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern—acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models—was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. (50) Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Northern colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) (46) {{U}}Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, institutions, techniques, and language that characterize the life of the group.{{/U}} As culture is so inclusive, it permeates virtually every aspect of human life and influences predominantly people's behavior, including linguistic behavior. (47) {{U}}When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself; however, in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in different people.{{/U}} Take the word dog for example. In the United States, the word dog in most instances conjures up an image of a furry, domesticated family pet. In some areas of the world, such as South Korea, however, dogs are considered to be a culinary amenity and often are eaten. Therefore, the word dog elicits a quite different meaning because of different cultural experiences. This example indicates that language is heavily tinted with its culture. (48) {{U}}From the above, we can infer that a language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent shared world knowledge of its people, but also reflects the people's attitudes beliefs, world outlooks etc.{{/U}} In a word, language expresses cultural reality. When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a language-specific culture and becomes socialized in certain ways. If he moves to another community or country, he may be recognized easily not as a member of the local community group but as a newcomer from the ways he uses his language. This implies that language embodies cultural identity. As language is tightly intertwined with culture, learning a language is inseparable from learning its culture. (49) {{U}}When learning a foreign language, we should not only learn the mere imitation of the pronunciation, grammar, words and idioms but also learn to see the world as native speakers do, that is to say, learn the wags in which the foreign language reflects the ideas, customs, and behavior of that society, learn to understand their "language of the mind".{{/U}} We need to learn enough about the language's culture so that we can communicate in the target language properly to achieve not only the linguistic competence but also communicative competence. This is of great significance in learning a foreign language. (50) {{U}}Otherwise the ignorance of cultural differences between mother tongue and target language will inevitable create barriers in learning the target language, thus causing some misunderstandings and confusions frequently.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} The date is January 18, 2005. You are a member of the student union of a university. Write a memorandum to the head of the student service department and ask him to have a television furnished for each dormitory. Your memorandum should be based on the following outline: 1) give reasons for your request; 2) express hope for prompt action. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the memorandum. Use "Ma He" instead.

问答题1. 几年前没有多少人会想到装修自己的房子，为什么？ 2. 如今情况却大不相同了，又为什么？ 3. 陈述你对装修利弊的看法。 You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Write a letter to Prof. Wang, Head of Foreign Languages. Department, introducing to him your student Miss Jin Hua. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. {{B}}Do not{{/B}} sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. {{B}}Do not{{/B}} write the address.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan200words.B.YouressaymusthewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow,1)describethecartoon,deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture,2)andgiveyourcomments.

问答题Directions: Your workmate Hank is elected as the manager of your department of your company. Write a letter to congratulate him, state the reason for his success, and express your best wishes and encouragement. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are a postgraduate student and are going to graduate with a master degree in computer science soon. You find from Beijing Youth Daily that there is a vacancy for engineer. Write a letter of application based on the following outline: 1) introduction about yourself; 2) your education and work experience that qualify you for the job; 3) other necessary information. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Dong" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题You want to invite Mr. Williams to give a lecture on "American Literature" in your college. Suppose you are the assistant of the English Department, write a letter and say: 1) the purpose of the invitation; 2) the time of the lecture. Your letter should be no less than 100 words. You don't need to write the address. Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Ruth instead.