问答题Directions: You have just received a letter from the marketing department of Unilever China, informing you of your recruitment. Please write a reply letter to show your appreciation. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Where in the world is the largest number of different languages spoken? Most linguists would probably plump for New Guinea, an island that has 830 recognized tongues scattered around its isolated, jungle-covered valleys. But a place on the other side of the world runs it close. The five boroughs of New York City are reckoned to be home to speakers of around 800 languages. Many of them close to extinction. (1) New York is also home, of course, to a lot of academic linguists, and three of them have got together to create an organization called the Endangered Language Alliance (ELA), which is ferreting out speakers of unusual tongues from the city's huddled immigrant masses. The ELA, which was set up last year by Daniel Kaufman, Juliette Blevins and Bob Holman, has worked in detail on 12 languages since its inception. It has codified their grammars, their pronunciations and their word-formation patterns, as well as their songs and legends. Each volunteer speaker of a language of interest is first tested with what is known as a Swadesh list. This is a set of 207 high-frequency, slow-to-change words such as parts of the body, colors and basic verbs like eat, drink, sleep and kill. The Swadesh list is intended to ascertain an individual's fluency before he is taken on. Once he has been accepted, Dr Kauf-man and his colleagues start chipping away at the language's phonology (the sounds of which it is composed) and its syntax (how its meaning is changed by the order of words and phrases). This sort of analysis is the bread and butter of linguistics. Every so often, though, the researchers come across a bit of jam. The Mahongwe word manono, for example, means "I like" when spoken soft and flat, and "I don't like" when the first syllable is a tad sharper in tone. Similarly, mhaza could be either "chest" or "council house". In both cases, the two words are nearly indistinguishable to an English speaker, but yield starkly different patterns when run through a spectrograph. (2) Manono is a particular linguistic oddity, since it uses only tone to differentiate an affirmative from a negative—a phenomenon the ELA has since discovered applies to all verbs in Mahongwe. Such niceties are interesting to experts. But the ELA is attempting to understand more than just the nuts and bolts of languages. It is collecting stories and other verbal material specific to the cultures of the participants. One volunteer, for example, wants to write a storybook for children in her language (Shughni), and also a recipe book. (3) That means creating a written form of the language, which the researchers do using what is known as the International Phonetic Alphabet. (4) Many of Dr. Kaufman's better finds, he says. have come from "hanging out at street corners with a clipboard on Roosevelt Avenue"—a street in the borough of Queens that he describes as the "epicenter of the epicenter" of linguistic New York. How long it will remain so is moot. The world's languages which number about 6, 900 are reckoned to be dying out at the rate of one a fortnight. The reason is precisely the sort of cultural mixing that New York epitomizes. (5) The value of learning any particular language is increased by the number of people who already speak it, while the value of a minority language is diminished as people abandon it. To those languages that hath, in other words, shall be given. From those that hath not, shall the last speakers soon be taken away?

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Writeanessayof160--200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)showyourunderstandingofitssymbolicmeaning,and3)giveyourviewontheOlympics.YoushouldwriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions: The Students' Union of English Department will hold an English speech contest. You arerequired to write a poster through which students and teachers can be informed of the event.The poster should include: 1) schedule of the contest, 2) and requirements and other details. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题 Living alone doesn't necessarily make you lonely. But it certainly doesn't help. Individuals have varying levels of need for connection with others.{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But when your needs and your situation don't match up, you may feel a little pain in your heart to go along with that unpleasant impression that you're floating alone on a raft in the middle of the ocean.{{/U}} And that's a good thing, says University of Chicago neuroscientist John Cacioppo, who recently co-wrote a book called "Loneliness." In the same way that physical pain helps protect you from physical danger, says Cacioppo, social pain evolved to help keep individuals from the dangers of social isolation. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Just as the discomfort of skin tells your brain to pull your hand away from boiling water, loneliness developed as a stimulus to get humans to pay more attention to the people around them, thus reaching out and touching someone.{{/U}} {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Here's how it works: The empty feeling of loneliness is an alarm signal embedded in our genes that devotes itself to telling us when to reach out to others and causes a chain of physiological reactions that we know as the fight-or-flight response.{{/U}} Fight-or-flight creates increased resistance in our cardiovascular system and floods our bodies with hormones that pump us up. Long ago, these hormones helped our ancestors run from danger or fight it off. Today, however, in the absence of imminent attack by a tiger, these chemicals can be a corrosive force to the body. In contemporary society, the fight-or-flight response may not be over quickly. We can suffer the same feelings of loneliness week after week, year after year, wearing down the body's metabolism. All of this means we need to take the problem of lagging civic engagement and growing social isolation out of the realm of the social sciences and put it in the physical sciences. We have to stop looking at declining civic participation as a primarily political problem that is solvable through increased activism. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Although activism may increase participation, which in turn translates into less social isolation, it does not get to the deeper problem of the quality of connections we form with the people who surround us on a day-to-day basis.{{/U}} As Cacioppo puts it, {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}"If civic engagement is to contribute substantially to relieving loneliness, then it cannot be something merely similar to networking at a trade show."{{/U}} Nature gave us a warning system that reminds us of the dangers of being isolated from our fellow man. Millions of alarm bells are ringing.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethecartoon,2)deduethepurposeofthecartoon,and3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowinggraphcarefullyandwriteanessayin160-200wordsB.Youressayshouldcoverthesetwopoints:1)describethegraph,2)possiblereasonsoftheincreaseoftheIntellectualPropertyCases.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.ACertainUpsurgeinIntellectualPropertyCases

问答题Directions: You read in the newspaper that the city government has approved the plan of building another golf court in the suburb of your city with the aim of attracting more tourists. Write a letter to the city government, giving reasons why you think the project should be abandoned. Do not sign your name. Use "a concerned citizen" instead.

问答题Directions: Suppose you are a college student and you intend to work part time during your vacation. Write a covering letter In your letter, you are supposed to include the post you would like to apply for, your experience and your hobbies, etc. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use " Li Ming " instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayofaround200wordsentitled"Responsibility"basedonthefollowingpicture.Youshouldinterpretthepictureanddiscusshowuniversitystudentscanhelpaclassmateaddictedtocomputergamesandhowwecanpreventyoungpeoplefrombecomingvictimsofexcessiveplaying.

问答题Directions:Yourfamilyisgoingtospendthesummerholidayinotherplace.Youwanttoentrustyourpuppytooneofyourfriends.Writealettertohimincludingsuchpoints:(1)thepurposeofwritingtheletter;(2)whyyouentrusthimotherthansomeoneelse:(3)yourthanks.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

问答题 Newspaper publishers make money mainly from subscribers and advertisers. It's been that way for centuries. But in the last few years an important new income stream has opened up for newspapers Among the pioneers is The Gazette Company in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, which since 1993 has been providing information to its readers delivered by both paper and, increasingly, the Web. "If a newspaper views itself as ink on paper, I don't think it will survive," says Steve Hannah, vice president of information technology. 46){{U}} Online newspapers are a look into the future, and just pondering it raises the question of whether it isn't nicer getting our daily news curled up in your favorite chair with your ballpoint pen handy to circle items of interests, or scissors ready to snip out articles you want to save{{/U}}. The Gazette Company is betting its subscribers want both electronic and paper options, and so far it seems to be right. The rest of the world is moving into cyberspace more slowly than the United States, and, in the developing world, the Internet has hardly penetrated at all. 47) {{U}}U. N. Secretary General Kofi Annan is determined to change this through the United Nations Information Technology Service, which will train large numbers of people to tap into the income-enhancing power of the Internet{{/U}}. Annan is also proposing an Internet health network that will provide state-of-the-art medical knowledge to 10, 000 clinics and hospitals in poor countries. The onrushing Cyber Age has given newfound power to us all, as seen in Jody Williams's one-woman organization using e-mail to promote a global ban on land mines. Yet, this is but a glimpse of what's ahead in the minds of those immersed in this great and accelerating transformation. 48){{U}} At Microsoft, Bill Gates predicts that by 2018 major newspapers will "publish their last paper editions and move solely to electronic distribution", and that by 2020 dictionaries will redefine books as "e-Book titles read on screen" .{{/U}} 49){{U}} Computers have metamorphosed from the University of Pennsylvania's 1946 ENIAC--whose more than 17, 000 vacuum tubes had less number-crunching power than today's laptop--into thumbnail-sized computer chips containing 42 million transistors{{/U}}. William Van Dusen Wishard, president of World Trends Research, is concerned. 50) {{U}}In a speech to the Issue Management Council in Washington, D. C, he noted that "researchers at Carnegie Mellon University cite a two-year stud! showing depression and loneliness appearing at greater levels in ep.e.2ple using the Internet than in others not using it, or not using it as much{{/U}}. Extensive exposure to the wider world via the Net appears to make people less satisfied with their personal lives."

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}}Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethephotosbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.{{/I}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are supposed to get an MA degree this semester and you want to apply for a job as an English teacher in a university. Now write a letter to its personnel department, sending your resume and making a self-recommendation. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions：Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbyit,and3)giveyourpointofview.