问答题 Directions: Write a letter to your boss Mr. Wang, telling him that you've decided to quit the job as a fashion designer for a fashion magazine. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use 'Li Ming' instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Who should pay for this education, the government or the student? You are to write in three paragraphs. In the first paragraph, you could bring out the topic question. In the second paragraph, state the different views concerning the problem. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with your own opinion. You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

问答题When retailers want to entice customers to buy a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the Journal of Marketing, they are missing a trick. 11 A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesota"s Carlson School of Mana gement, looked at consumers" attitudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra flee to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that most people are useless at fractions. Consumers often struggle to realize, for example, that a 50% increase in quantity is the same as a 33% discount in price. They overwhelmingly assume the former is better value. 12 In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand lotion when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an equivalent discount (even after all other effects, such as a desire to stockpile, were controlled for). This numerical blind spot remains even when the deal clearly favors the discounted product. 13 In an other experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr. Rao offered two deals on loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% off the price. The discount is by far the better proposition, but the supposedly clever students viewed them as equivalent. Studies have shown other ways in which retailers can exploit consumers" innumeracy. One is to befuddle them with double discounting. 14 People are more likely to see a bargain in a product that has been reduced by 20%, and then by an additional 25% than one which has been subject to an equivalent, one-off, 40% reduction. Marketing types can draw lessons beyond just pricing, says Mr. Rao. 15 When advertising a new car"s efficiency, for example, it is more convincing to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage fall in fuel consumption. There may be lessons for regulators too. Evert well-educated shoppers are easily foxed. Sending every one back to school for maths refresher-courses seems out of the question. But more prominently displayed unit prices in shops and advertisements would be a great help.

问答题 The initial fund of general scientific knowledge is an invaluable asset (财产), but the young research worker should have no illusion(错觉) about how little it is compared with what he or she should acquire during succeeding years. As to the precise value of this initial fund of knowledge, this depends to a great degree on how it has been acquired and on who has been imparting(传授) it. 46){{U}}Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.{{/U}} The original papers of great scientists describing their discoveries and explaining their theories are never as rigid and self-confident as the resumes(摘要说明)of these discoveries and theories in textbooks by other men often suggest. Young scientists consulting these original works will find in them "it appears that", "it probably means", "it seems likely that", more than once, as expressions of elements of doubt which great men felt and honestly put on record. 47){{U}}Many statements which have appeared in textbooks as universal and absolute truths have, in their original form, been put for word as only approximately true, or true only in certain circumstances.{{/U}} Immediately upon starting on the first serious piece of research, a young scientist must therefore do two things. 48){{U}}The first of these should be a careful reading of original papers or books relating to the problem, written by investigators whose technique and judgement he can trust.{{/U}} While reading these publications in a most attentive and receptive manner, the young scientist must not fall into the error of placing in them a greater confidence than their author would wish him to do. 49){{U}}No great scientist ever wants his pupils to be mere gramophone records, faithfully reproducing his remarks, never questioning anything, never wanting to add to or subtract from what he has given them.{{/U}} The second thing a young scientist must do, almost but not quite simultaneously with the first, is to proceed with observations and experiments. 50){{U}}The initial observations and experiments will be failures, but they will help the development of appropriate experimental technique, and they will give a greater understanding of the literature the young scientist is studying.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}}Suppose you were a tourist in a strange city. You left your video camera in the hotel room and didn't notice it until you arrived home. Write a letter to the hotel, asking them to send it to you? Tell them the type of the camera and other necessary information about this event.{{/I}} You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not .sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}ThechartindicatestheamountofmoneyperweekspentondifferenttypesoffastfoodinBritain.Thegraphshowsthetrendsinconsumptionoffastfood.Writeareportforyouruniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshowninbothcharts.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题About 150 years ago, a village church vicar in Yorkshire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes hinged entirely on the sole male heir, Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature. 46) Branwell's father and sisters hoarded their pennies to. Rack him off to London's Royal Academy of Arts, but if art was his calling, he dialed a wrong number. Within weeks he hightailed it home, a penniless failure. Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would free him to develop his literary skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again. 47) For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support of their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius. As failure multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. So died hope in the one male-but what of the three anonymous sisters.? During Branwell's last years, the girls published a book of poetry at their own expense (under a pseudonym, for fear of reviewers' bias against females). Even Branwell might have snickered: they sold only two copies. 48) Undaunted, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social condition-in reality, less fiction than autobiography! And 19th century literature was transformed by Anne's Agnes Grey, Emily's Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte's Jane Eyre. But years of sacrifice for Brauwell had taken their toll. 49) Emily took ill at her brother's funeral and died within 3 months, aged 30; Anne died 5 months later, aged 29; Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they. had been nurtured instead of having been sacrificed. No one remembers Branwell's name, much less his art or literature, but the Bronte sisters' tragically short lives teach us even more of life than literature. 50) Their sacrificed genius cries out to us that in modern society we must value children not by their physical strength or sexual gender, as we would value any boast of burden, but by their integrity strength a commitment, courage-spiritual qualities abundant in both boys and girls. China, a nation blessed by more boys and girls than any nation, ignores at her own peril the lesson of the Brontes' tragedy.

问答题Although Henry Ford's name is closely associated with the concept of mass production,he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today's standards. Safety measures were improved, and the workday was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or-twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts. In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. (47)The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts. (48)The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced—in effect creating a market for the product. (49)In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits,including sobriety,thriftiness,industriousness,and dependability. (50)Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees,there can be no doubt that,at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways,henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Supposeyouarethemanagerofacompany.Writealetterofjobrefusaltooneoftheintervieweesinwhichshouldinclude(1)yourappreciationforhisapplication;(2)themasonsforyourrefusal;(3)thepossibilityforfuturecooperation.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}You will invite Professor Green to be the guest speaker at the NASHE 2007 annual conference (Beijing, China, 2007. 12.15-12.18). Write a letter of invitation to Professor Green. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points){{/I}}

问答题Directions: Write a letter to some of your schoolmates for a meeting to 1) invite them to the meeting, and 2) tell them what activities will be arranged. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.