问答题Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80—100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 帮助孩子重新振作 孩子得不到帮助，后果可能很严重。根据一次全国性调查，父母离婚或分居的小孩在接下来的3年内比别的小孩更有可能出现健康问题。父母离婚的小孩留级率或停学率可能是别的小孩的两倍，需要咨询的概率很可能比别的小孩多3倍。 仅仅靠时间无法愈合这类精神创伤，这些孩子需要成年人的帮助。下面提供3项策略，是我在为这类有问题的家庭提供咨询时总结出来的： 一、尽早将真相告诉小孩 。我们提出了以下几个办法： 亲自向孩子透露令人沮丧的消息。当孩子意识到自己和他所熟悉并信任的某个人共同分享真相时，他能正确面对几乎任何事。如果有可能，离婚的父母双方在孩子听到他们离婚的消息时都应在场。 如果家庭压力与一个意外事故有关，要说清楚事故的原委。否则，有些孩子会产生无端的负罪感。 如果有较大的突发事件，要小心地解释家庭生活可能会发生的变化。对孩子来说，了解任何事实比不明就里强。 二、鼓励孩子将自己的情绪讲出来，但如果孩子还没准备好，也别强迫他们 。小孩子和成年人一样，也需要谈谈自己的缺憾。你可以用下面几个方法帮他们敞开心扉： 发生悲剧时，首先跟孩子聊聊你自己的感受和烦恼，以便使孩子更容易表达出他们的感受。然后问些能引导进一步讨论的问题。 跟孩子谈话要挑选适当的时机和场合。 如果你无法用言语表达痛苦或担忧，可以考虑给你的孩子写一封信。让孩子理解你的内心感受很重要，这样他们才能更好地理解他们自己的感受。 三、着眼于未来 。我在伊利诺伊州的几个朋友改建了住房。改建工程完成一个星期后，一场大火毁灭了房子，全家人差点儿葬身火海。 过后，父母和孩子们坐下来谈话。“一切都过去了，”母亲说，“以后的生活绝不会跟以前一样，一定会再好起来的。”经过一年的努力，全家人搬进了新居，新房子就建在原先房子的所在地。他们的财产比以前少多了，但是他们感情上变坚强了，决心在生活上翻开新的一页。 当危机袭来时，不健康的家庭会分崩离析，健康的家庭会向前看，重新构建，他们通常会遵照下面的3条基本原则： 做父母的得先治愈自己的创伤。如果父母中的一方或父母双方带头的话，孩子就比较容易从一次较大的家庭挫折中重新振作起来。衣阿华州立大学的一些研究人员在研究中西部450个家庭的青少年受家庭经济困难的影响时发现，家庭经济问题对十几岁少年的影响比其父母对家庭经济问题的反应要小。 把注意力重新放到家庭的价值上。不要哀叹因为你的配偶丢掉了他或她的工作你就再也不能享受某些活动了，不要喋喋不休地谈论毁于一场洪水或火灾的家庭录影集。 让小孩子参与对某些事情的决策，让他们感到自己在做贡献。一年春天，一个有几个小孩的朋友意识到，她那有病的、上了年纪的祖母再也无法自理，将不得不搬到他们那栋3个卧室的简陋房子里。父母立即和7岁的儿子、两岁的女儿讨论这个问题。“我们都必须尽力帮助她。”母亲说，“曾祖母需要一个自己的房间。”她对7岁的儿子说：“你妹妹还在睡婴儿床，所以曾祖母只有睡你的床了。” 这男孩将不得不睡在客厅的沙发床上。“太好了!”男孩说，他为能参与这一重要的家庭决定而感到高兴，“我要让她住我的房间。”老太太搬进来后，孩子们似乎能感受到她的需求，无论什么时候，只要她在场，他们甚至会停止惯常的争吵。 2007年，在做了14年的单身母亲后，我再婚了。这件事并没有给我那3个已成年的儿子带来很大的压力，但这毕竟是一个很大的调整。我耐心地等待着他们对这一重大变化完全适应的迹象。 一天晚上，儿子们晚饭后要一起出去，他们一一跟我吻别道晚安。当他们走近我的丈夫马蒂时，我料想他们要和平时一样依次跟他握手。然而，先是迈克尔，然后是汤姆和蒂姆，走到马蒂跟前，第一次和他拥抱。那个简单动作表明他们完全接受了这个继父和我们新的家庭组合。我自豪地笑了，他们做得很好。他们能处理好他们未来人生道路上的任何问题。为人父母，最感到知足的莫过于此。

问答题Directions:Writeanessayofaround200wordsentitled"MostAppreciatedGifts."Inyouressay,youshouldinterpretthepictureanddiscusswaysofshowingaffectionfordifferentoccasions,andthengiveyourcommentonsendinghand-writtenletters.

问答题Directions: You will graduate from Peking University this year and have made a decision to study abroad. Write a letter to a U.S. university you want to go to apply for furthering your study for a master"s degree. You should 1) introduce your self, and 2) state the reasons for admission. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Languages will continue to diverge. Even if English were to become the universal language, it would still take many different forms. (46) {{U}}Indeed the same could happen to English as has happened to Chinese: a language of intellectuals which doesn' t vary hugely alongside a large number of variants used by local peoples.{{/U}} We will continue to teach other languages in some form, and not just for reasons of practicality. Learning a language is good for your mental health; it forces you to understand another cultural and intellectual system. So I hope British education will develop a more rational approach to the foreign languages available to students in line with their political importance. Because so many people believe it' s no longer important to know another language, I fear that time devoted to language teaching in schools may well continue to decline. (47) {{U}}But you can argue that learning another language well is more taxing than, say, learning to play chess well—it involves sensitivity to a set of complicated rules, and also to context.{{/U}} Technology will certainly make a difference to the use of foreign languages. (48) {{U}}Computers may, for instance, alleviate the drudgery that a vast translation represents.{{/U}} But no one who has seen a computer translation will think it can substitute for live knowledge of the different languages. A machine will always be behind the times. (49) {{U}}Still more important is the fact that no computer will ever get at the associations beyond the words associations that may not be expressed but which carry much of the meaning.{{/U}} In languages like Arabic that context is very important. Languages come with heavy cultural baggage too--in French or German if you miss the cultural references behind a word you' re very likely to be missing the meaning. It will be very hard to teach all that to a computer. (50) {{U}}All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the world' s population in the 21st century.{{/U}} I don't think foreign languages will really become less important, but they might be perceived to be—and that would in the end be a very bad thing.

问答题 Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) offer your suggestion (s). You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Opinion polls are now beginning to show that whoever is to blame, and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to threat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has Been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. 46){{U}}The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought max have to be reversed{{/U}}. This seems a daunting(令人气馁的)thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has no meant economic freedom. 47){{U}}Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and the 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves{{/U}}. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. 48){{U}}Later t as transport improved, first by rail and then by boat, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived{{/U}}. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. 49){{U}}As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded-a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives{{/U}}. All this may now have to change. 50){{U}}The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs{{/U}}.

问答题 Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year 2050 is impossible to say. {{U}}(46)But if developments in research maintain their current pace, it seems likely that a combination of improved attention to dietary and environmental factors, along with advances in gene therapy and protein targeted drugs, will have virtually eliminated most major classes of disease.{{/U}} From an economic standpoint, the best news may be that these accomplishments could be accompanied by a drop in health-care costs. (47){{U}}Costs may even fall as diseases are brought under control using pinpointed, short term therapies now being developed.{{/U}} By 2050 there will be fewer hospitals, and surgical procedures will be largely restricted to the treatment of accidents and other forms of trauma. Spending on nonacute care, both in nursing facilities and in homes, will also fall sharply as more elderly people lead healthy lives until close to death. One result of medicine's success in controlling disease will be a dramatic increase in life expectancy. (48){{U}} The extent of that increase is a highly speculative matter, but it is worth that medical science has already helped to make the very old (currently defined as those over 85 years of age) the fastest growing segment of the population .{{/U}} Between 1960 and 1995, the U. S. population as a whole increased by about 45%, while the segment over 85 years of age grew by almost 300% . (49){{U}}There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians, with the result that survival to the age of 100 is no longer the newsworthy feat that it was only a few decades ago.{{/U}} U. S. Census Bureau projections already forecast dramatic increase in the number of centenarians in the next 50 years: 4 million in 2050, compared with 37,000 in 1990. (50){{U}}Although Census Bureau calculations project an increase in average life span of only eight yeas by the year 2050, some exerts believe that the human life span should not begin to encounter any theoretical natural limits before 120 years.{{/U}} With continuing advances in molecular medicine and a growing understanding of the aging process, that limit could rise to 130 years or more.

问答题Directions:Title: Beijing To Host 2008 Olympic GamesOutline:1. Beijing submitted applications to the International Olympic Committee.2. Why does Beijing want to host 2008 Olympic Games?3. Beijing should make further effort.You should write about 160 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Winston Churchill, who fought on the Afghan border in 1897. warned of the dangers of peacekeeping among the Pathans, and of mixing politics and war (46) "Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation enjoins a temporary pause, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fort...with battlements, turrets [and] drawbridges` Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its hate; every clan. its feud. "The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid...(47)The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water are fertile en0ught9 yield with little labour the material requirements of a small population. "Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the breech-loading rifle and the British government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second a continuous trouble. The convenience of the breech-loading, and still more of the magazine rifle, was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. (48) A weapon which would kill with accuracy au fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new scene of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one's own house and fire at one's neighbour nearly a mile away... "The action of the British government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organising, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a' monstrous spoil-sport. "No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come. had a fight and then gone away again...But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys...All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another. and, above all, not m shoot at travellers along the road. (49)It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source. "The Political Officers who accompanied the force...were very unpopular with the army officers... (50)They were accused of the severe crime of 'shilly-shallying', which being interpreted means doing everything you possibly can before you shoot. We had with us a very brilliant political officer...who was much disliked because he always stopped military operations. Just when we were looking forward to having a splendid fight and all-the guns were loaded and everyone keyed up, [he] would come along and put a stop to it./

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. In reading the pages of American Scientist, I have been struck by the stunning progress being made in science and engineering, new phenomena discovered, new materials synthesized, new methods developed. (46){{U}} What I see behind many of these exciting stories is the widespread and even revolutionary use of distributed intelligence that is made possible by the "wiring" of the scientific community.{{/U}} It is more than a time saver or a communication enhance; it is enabling us to think in new ways and its impact on society may be monumental. The term "information age" probably does not do justice to the possibilities of this emerging era. (47) {{U}}This is an age of "knowledge and distributed intelligence", in which knowledge is available to anyone, located anywhere, at any time; and in which power, information, and control are moving from centralized systems to individuals. {{/U}}This era calls for a new form of leadership and vision from the academic science and engineering community. We know from countless examples that the academic science and the engineering have enabled our society to make the most of new technologies. We wouldn't have today's advanced computer graphics systems if mathematicians hadn't been able to solve problems related to surface geometry. (48) {{U}}We wouldn't have networks capable of handling massive amounts of data if physicists and astronomers hadn't continuously forged tools to look more deeply into subatomic structures and the cosmos.{{/U}} Chemists' efforts to simulate complex phenomena and predict the properties of many electron systems have inspired massively parallel architectures for computing. And the information made available by the sequencing of the human genome has caused us to rethink how to store, manipulate, and retrieve data most effectively. (49){{U}} It will take new insights from studies of human cognition, linguistics, neurobiology, computing, and more to develop systems that truly augment our capacity to learn and create.{{/U}} The best may be yet to come. Despite brutally tight constraints on federal discretionary spending, President Clinton has stepped forward to champion a 3 percent increase (uncorrected for inflation) in the national 1998 budget. The president's request is only the first step in the congressional budget process ahead. (50) {{U}}Given that the priorities of Congress will almost certainly differ from those of the president, it will take an unprecedented level of input and commitment from the research community to ensure the investments in science and engineering.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}}Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawing,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)giveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.{{/I}}

问答题Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. 1 At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on the right way. 2 This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities. 3 The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. 4 We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house. 5 The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative _aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.

问答题Directions : You are Li Ming, chairman of the History Department. You want to invite Professor Swift, a scholar of Chinese history, to attend an international conference on Chinese history. Write him a letter to 1) invite him to attend the meeting and 2) ask him to make a speech during the conference. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don't have to write the address.

问答题Directions: Suppose you are a visitor. When you were in Shanghai, you got a help from Li Qiang. Write a letter to him to express your gratitude. Your letter should include: 1) State your experience and your purpose. 2) Explain your feelings and expressions. 3) Express your thanks. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Use "Li Ming" instead.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} A small but expanding American company requires three flexible Chinese office workers who speak English well enough to fill the roles in sales. Write an application for the post, and your letter should consist of: 1) educational background, 2) personal competence, 3) expected interview time. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions:A.Studythegraphbelowcarefullyandwriteanessayofabout200words.B.Youressayshouldcovertheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:(1)interpretthegraph;(2)givethepossiblecausesforthechange;(3)yourcomments.