问答题{{B}}Directions：{{/B}} You have received an invitation to the birthday party of your friend, Torn. But you can't attend it. Write a letter to Tom to 1) thank him for the invitation, 2) give reasons why you can't go, 3) apologize and express your wishes. You should write about 100 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered "striking" differences between men and women in a part of the brain linked with ability to estimate time, judge speed, visualize things three-dimensionally and solve mathematical problems. 47)The differences, the researchers say, may underlie well-known trends that vary by sex, such as the fact that more men than women are architects, mathematicians and race-car drivers. In a study reported this week in the Journal Cerebral Cortex, the researchers show that a brain region called the inferior parietal lobule is significantly larger overall in men than in women. The area is part of the cerebral cortex and appears on both sides of the brain just above ear-level. Also, there's a symmetry difference, with men having a larger left IPL than right. 48) In women in the study, it's the right IPL that's somewhat larger, though the difference between the two sides of the brain is less obvious than in men, says psychiatrist Godfrey Pearlson, M. D. who headed the project. Researchers also compared IPL volumes on the left and the right sides of the brain. After allowances for men's larger overall head and brain size, men had roughly 6 percent more IPL tissue than women. "The inferior parietal lobule is far more developed in people than in animals and has evolved relatively recently, "says Pearlson. 49)It allows the brain to process information from senses such as vision and touch, and enables the sort of thinking involved in selective attention and perception. Studies link the right IPL with a working memory of spatial relationships, the ability to sense relationships between body parts and awareness of a person's own affect or feelings. The left IPL, Pearlson says, is more involved in perception, such as judging how fast something is moving, estimating time and having the ability to mentally rotate 3-D figures. "To say this means men are automatically better at some things than women is a simplification, "says Pearlson. "It's easy to find women who are fantastic at math and physics and men who excel in language skills. Only when we look at very large populations and look for slight but significant trends do we see the generalizations. 50) There are plenty of exceptions, but there's also a grain of truth, revealed through the brain structure, that we think underlies some of the ways people characterize the sexes."

问答题Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith ( 1875 - 1948 ). (46) Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera's possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. (47) By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot. Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. (48) Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space. Besides developing the cinema's language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. (49) His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith's introduction of the American- made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historic philosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour's running time. (50) From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a little ridiculous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.

问答题Directions: Professor Wang Wei gave you a hand when your delegation visited his university. Write a letter of thanks to 1) express your appreciation, and 2) welcome him to your university to give a lecture. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} A foreign delegation is to visit your university. You are assigned to make a welcome speech on behalf of the whole university students. Now write a welcome speech to express your welcome and make b brief introduction of your university.{{/I}} Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.

问答题In this part you are asked to write a short passage about job Resume, your writing should include letter head (信头), work experience, education, other information, personal information and references (证明人). If your names are mentioned in the writing, use "Li Ming" instead ,write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 and with no less than 150 words. ( 10 points)

问答题Directions.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould注：1．重点作文，务必背记。2．第1段第1句译文：现在北京有那么多音乐会和话剧供人们选择。3．etiquette礼节。interval中间休息时间。doone'spart尽责。1)describethecartoonbriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythecartoon,and3)giveyourpointofview.Youshouldwrite160--200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题The Theory of Continental Drift has had a long and turbulent history since it was first proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1910. (46)Vigorously challenged yet widely ignored, the theory had languished for half a century, primarily due to its lack of a plausible mechanism to support the proposed drift. With the discovery of sea-floor spreading in the late 1950's and early 60's, the idea was reinvigorated. Plate tectonics is now almost universally accepted. Many details of the mechanism are to be worked out. The surface of the Earth is divided into approximately six large plates, plus a number of smaller ones. The plates are bounded by an interconnected network of ridges, transform faults, and trenches. Ridges, also called spreading centers, occur where two plates are moving away from each other. As the plates separate, hot molten mantle material flows up to fill the void. (47) The increased heat resulting from this flow reduces the density of the plates, causing them to float higher, thus elevating the boundaries by many thousands of feet above the colder surrounding sea floor. (48) Ridges on the ocean floor form the longest continuous ranges of mountains on the planet, but only in a very few places on the Earth do these mountains rise above the ocean surface. New sea floor is constantly being created along spreading centers. Obviously somewhere else old sea floor must be going away. This occurs in trenches, also called subduction zones. Trenches occur along the boundary between two plates that are moving towards each other. (49) Where this occurs, one plate is bent downwards at about a 40o angle and plunges under the other plate's leading edge, eventually to melt back into the liquid mantle below. As the suhducting plate is heated back up to mantle temperatures, certain minerals in the plate melt sooner than others. (50) Minerals that melt at lower temperatures and are lighter than the surrounding material tend to rise, melting their way up through the overriding plate to erupt as volcanoes on the ocean floor. As these volcanoes grow, they rise above the ocean surface to form lines of islands along the leading edge of the overriding plate. Numerous islands of Micronesia and Melanesia in the western Pacific were created in this way.

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200wordsinwhichyoushould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbyit,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题For years American conversation about Iraq has included a refrain about how we cannot expect to create a Jeffersonian democracy on the Euphrates. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The warning is true: if you think about it, America itself is not really a Jeffersonian democracy either; however, Jefferson keeps coming to mind as the events in Iran unfolds{{/U}}. The events there seem to be a chapter in the very Jeffersonian story of the death of theocracy, or rule by clerics, and the gradual separation of church and state. In one of the last letters of his life, in 1826, Jefferson said this of the Declaration of Independence: {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}"May it be to the world what I believe it will be, the signal of arousing men to burst the chains, under which monkish ignorance and superstition had persuaded them to bind themselves."{{/U}} However strong they may be for a time, religions authorities cannot finally survive modernity.{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}And this is because one of the key features of modernity is the shift of emphasis from the privileges and power of institutions to the rights and relative autonomy of the individual.{{/U}} In many ways, the modem virtues are the ones we associate with democracy: a flee flow of ideas, capital and people in an ethos in which men and women are free to form their own opinions and follow the dictates of their own consciences. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}By their very nature, religious authorities are at risk in the face of such a world, for they are founded on an un-modern and undemocratic idea.{{/U}} To say that religious authorities are doomed is not to argue that religion is any less important in our age. Quite the opposite! Religious faith is an intrinsic element of human experience, and religion can be the undoing of a religious establishment, for an individual's interpretation of the applications of faith to politics may well differ from the institutional interpretation. There is a deep irony at work here. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Religious authorities usually command the teaching of religion, but the teaching of religion can lead not to uniform public belief but to a questioning of orthodoxy, which is always a favorite activity of a new generation.{{/U}} The products of one world often react against the world of their parents, and yesterday's outsiders are today's insiders. The promise of theocracy has to go unfulfilled, for no one can bring sacred order to profane chaos.

问答题Write a letter to inquire whether you may book rooms at a hotel during holiday. Some necessary details must be included. Write your letter neatly with no less than 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions: Your friend asked you to attend his (her) birthday party, but somehow you can't come. Please write a note accompanying a present, explain the reason and express your congratulation. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Li Ming" instead.