问答题Directions:A.Studythegraphbelowcarefullyandwriteanessayofabout200words.B.Youressaymustcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:(1)interpretthegraph;(2)givethepossiblecausesforthechange;(3)yourcomments.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanarticleon"remedial"classesinschools.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)describethepicture,interpretitsmeaning,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160～200wordsneatlyonAnswerSheet2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You want to recommend Mr. Collins to Professor Smith to find a position for the former. Write a letter based on the following outline: 1) Personal information about Mr. Collins curriculum vitae, personality, job capabilities etc., 2) Your sincere hope. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. There's a human liver sitting in a lab dish in Madison, Wis. Also a heart, a brain and every bone in the human body even though the contents of the dish are a few cells too small to be seen without a microscope. But these are stem cells, the most immature human cells ever discovered, taken from embryos before they had decided upon their career path in the body. (46){{U}} If scientists could only figure out how to give them just the right kick in just the right direction, each could become a liver, a heart, a brain or a bone.{{/U}} (47) {{U}}When a team from the University of Wisconsin announced their discovery, doctors around the world looked forward to a new era of medicine one without organ-donor shortages or the tissues-rejection problems that bedevil transplant patients today.{{/U}} Doctors also saw obstacles, though. One of them was a U. S. Congress skittish about research on stem cells taken from unwanted human embryos and aborted fetuses. Indeed, 70 lawmakers asked in a firmly worded letter that the Federal Government ban all such work. Yet the era of "grow your own" organs is already upon us, as researchers have sidestepped the stem cell controversy by making clever use of ordinary cells. Today a machinist in Massachusetts is using his own cells to grow a new thumb after he lost part of his chest wall in an accident. A teenager born without half of his chest wall is growing a new cage of bone and cartilage within his chest cavity. Scientists announced that bladders, grown from bladder cells in a lab, have been implanted in dogs and are working. Meanwhile, patches of skin, the first "tissue-engineered" organ to be approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, are healing sores and skin ulcers on hundreds of patients across the U. S. How have scientists managed to do all this without those protean stem cells? Part of the answer is smart engineering. (48) {{U}}Using materials such as polymers with pores no wider than a toothbrush bristle, researchers have learned to sculpt scaffolds in shapes into which cells can settle.{{/U}} The other part of the answer is just plain cell biology. (49){{U}} Scientists have discovered that they don't have to teach old cells new tricks; given the right framework and the right nutrients, cells will organize themselves into real tissues as the scaffolds dissolve. {{/U}}"I'm a great believer in the cells. They're not just lying there, looking stupidly at each other," says Francois Auger, an infectious disease specialist and builder of artificial blood vessels at Laval University in Quebec City. "They will do the work for you if you treat them right." Replacement hearts—or even replacement heart parts—are at least a decade off, estimates Kiki Hellman, who monitors tissue-engineering efforts for the FDA. "Any problem that requires lots of cell types 'talking' to one another is really hard," she notes. Bone and cartilage efforts are much closer to fruition, and could be ready for human trials within two years. (50) {{U}}And what of those magical stem cells that can grow into any organ you happen to need—if the law and biologists' knowledge permit?{{/U}} "Using them," says Sefton, "is really the Holy Grail."

问答题Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self- consciously and distinctively "Southern"--the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain's North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. (47) The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic. What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. (48) Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Northern colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences. (49) However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of America. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan (Northern) colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern--acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models--was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. (50) Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Northern colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are supposed to put forward some rules for job-seekers and you may offer your suggestions in terms of the following points: 1) appearance, 2) ability and knowledge, and 3) confidence. You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2.

问答题Clinical depression is a serious ailment, but almost everyone gets mildly depressed from time to time. Randolph Nesse, a psychologist and researcher in evolutionary medicine at the University of Michigan, likens the relationship between mild and clinical depression to the one between normal and chronic pain. (46)He sees both pain and low mood as warning mechanisms and thinks that, just as understanding chronic pain means first understanding normal pain, so understanding clinical depression means understanding mild depression. Dr. Nesse’s hypothesis is that, as pain stops you doing damaging physical things, so low mood stops you doing damaging mental ones — in particular, pursuing unreachable goals. Pursuing such goals is a waste of energy and resources. (47)Therefore, he argues, there is likely to be an evolved mechanism that identifies certain goals as unattainable and inhibits their pursuit — and he believes that low mood is at least part of that mechanism. It is a neat hypothesis, but is it true？A study published in this month’s issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology suggests it might be. Carsten Wrosch from Concordia University in Montreal and Gregory Miller of the University of British Columbia studied depression in teenage girls. Their conclusion was that those who experienced mild depressive symptoms could, indeed, disengage more easily from unreachable goals. That supports Dr. Nesse’s hypothesis. (48)But the new study also found a remarkable corollary: those girls who could disengage from the unattainable proved less likely to suffer more serious depression in the long run. Mild depressive symptoms can therefore be seen as a natural part of dealing with failure in young adulthood. (49)They set in when a goal is identified as unreachable and lead to a decline in motivation, and in this period of low motivation, energy is saved and new goals can be found. If this mechanism does not function properly, though, severe depression can be the consequence. Dr. Nesse believes that persistence is a reason for the exceptional level of clinical depression in America— the country that has the highest depression rate-in the world. (50)”Persistence is part of the American way of life, ” he says. “People here are often driven to pursue overly ambitious goals, which then can lead to depression. ” He admits that this is still an unproven hypothesis, but it is one worth considering. Depression may turn out to he an inevitable price of living in a dynamic society.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} A chemical plant should be responsible for the water pollution in a nearby river. Write a letter to the City Environment Protection Agency to 注：投诉信是应用文命题的重点之一。 1) state the present situation, 2) suggest ways to deal with the problem and 3) express your sincere hope. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. {{B}}Do not{{/B}} sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. {{B}}Do not{{/B}} need to write the address.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayof160～200wordsinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbyit,and3)giveyourcomment.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Looking at how far we'll be able to fund the Health Service in the 21st century raises any number of thorny issues. (46){{U}}Many of the options have already been rehearsed in the press: excluding some treatments from the NHS, charging for certain drugs and services, and developing voluntary or compulsory health insurance schemes.{{/U}} Compared to its European Union counterparts Britain operates a low-cost health system: we spend about 7 per cent of GDP on health, compared with 9 per cent in the Netherlands and 10 per cent in France and Germany. In terms of health outcomes versus spend, we compare pretty favourably. I don't see private health care providing much of the solution to current problems. (47) {{U}}More likely is a shift from universal health coverage to top-up schemes which give people basic health entitlements but require them to finance other treatment through private financing, or opt-out schemes which use tax relief to encourage individuals to make private provision.{{/U}} Neither is close to being implemented, but the future could see a deliberate shift of attention to voluntary health .insurance and an emphasis on social insurance. (48) {{U}}I expect individuals to take greater responsibility for their personal health using technology that allows self-diagnosis followed by self-treatment or home care.{{/U}} Even so, higher taxes will plainly be needed to fund health care. (49) {{U}}I think we'll eventually see larger NHS charges, more rationing of medical services and restrictions on certain procedures without proven outcomes.{{/U}} Stricter eligibility criteria for certain treatments are another possibility. All such options would mean a sharp break with tradition and political fall-out that could be extremely damaging. (50) {{U}}None of them is going to win votes for the political party desperate enough to introduce them but then nobody is going to vote for ill-health or an early death either.{{/U}}

问答题1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interprettheintendedmeaningreflectedbyit,and3)giveyourcomment.

问答题Directions: Suppose your name is Wudong, write a letter to your local English-language newspaper giving your views on a discussion inspired by an article they published entitled "Why do We Need English?" Your letter must be written in at least 200 words, excluding the addresses, etc. You should write dearly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}You got sick just two weeks before the final examination and were sent to hospital. One doctor treated you very well and you recovered soon. Write a letter of appreciation to the doctor (Ms. Green). You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points){{/I}}

问答题Sir Richard Friend is a tough man to track down. Phone calls to his two labs at Cambridge University go unanswered, and so do e-mails. In the end, a reporter has to leave a note in his campus pigeonhole. The elusive Friend is the unlikely instigator of what may be a revolution in electronics: plastics. (46) Although most electronic devices make use of silicon chips, Friend sees a future in which mobile phones, TVs, watches, computers and other devices incorporate inexpensive plastic chips. (47) Friend"s vision is based on his own discoveries, back in the "80s and "90s, that plastics can be used to make transistors, the basic element of chips, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which glow when electricity passes through them. His work has already yielded a new generation of lighter, thinner, brighter, cheaper and more flexible electronic screens for everything from lightweight mobile phones to disposable "talking" electronic greeting cards. (48) Now he"s working on devices that might bring us talking cereal boxes or advertising posters that light up and speak as you walk by. The materials might even be spray-painted onto walls that change color with the weather, or go into pillboxes that tell you when to take your medication. It sounds farfetched, but the basic technology is already at hand. E-books with flexible screens that can be rolled up and put. into your pocket should start appearing in the next few years. (49) And plastic chips, which can be laid onto almost any surface, could be printed—just as ink is printed onto paper—onto any number of flexible surfaces. General Electric is working with the Department of Energy—to create large flexible sheets that could illuminate a room. If you think everything is digital now, just wait. (50) "Products in your fridge tagged with a chip would automatically change color after their sell-by date," says Peter Harrop, chairman of market-research firm IDTechEx. For his Cambridge students, Sir Richard has one word of advice: plastics.

问答题Directions: Your company is planning to hold a meeting in a hotel. Write a letter to the hotel manager to 1) book a conference room and 2) ask them to make some necessary preparations. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don't have to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. In what we like to think of as "primitive" warrior cultures, the passage to manhood requires the blooding of a spear, the taking of a head. Leadership too in a warrior culture is typically contingent on military bravery and wrapped in the mystique of death. {{U}}{{U}} 1 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}All warrior peoples have fought for the same high-sounding reasons: honor, glory or revenge, but the nature of their real and perhaps not conscious motivations is a subject of much debate{{/U}}. Some discern a materialistic motive behind every fight: a need for slaves, grazing land or even human flesh to eat; others point to the similarities between war and other male pastimes. But in a warrior culture it hardly matters which motive is most basic. Aggressive behavior is rewarded whether or not it is innate to the human psyche. {{U}}{{U}} 2 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}War, to a warrior people, is of course the highest adventure, the surest medicine to disease, the endlessly repeated theme of legend, song, religious myth and personal quest for meaning{{/U}}. It is how men die and what they find to live for. You must understand that Americans are a warrior nation. In many ways, in outlook and behavior the U.S. has begun to act like a primitive warrior culture. {{U}}{{U}} 3 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}We seem to believe that leadership is expressed, in no small part, by a willingness to cause the deaths of others—for lesser offices too we apply the standards of a warrior culture{{/U}}. Female candidates are routinely advised to overcome the handicap of their gender by talking "tough." Male candidates in some of the contests are finding their military records under scrutiny. And as in any primitive warrior culture, our warrior elite takes pride of place. Social crises multiply numbingly and our leaders tell us solemnly that nothing can be done. There is no money. {{U}}{{U}} 4 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}We are poor, not rich, a debtor nation, and nearly a third of the federal budget flows, even in moments of peace, to the warriors and their weaponmakers{{/U}}. When those priorities are questioned, some new "crisis" dutifully arises to serve as another occasion for armed and often unilateral intervention. A leftist might blame "imperialism"; a right-winger would call our problem "internationalism." But an anthropologist, taking the long view, might say this is just what warriors do. {{U}}{{U}} 5 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Drowned in their own drumbeats and war songs, fascinated by the glint of steel and the prospect of blood, they will go forth, time and again, to war{{/U}}.