问答题Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women's emancipation in Western societies. 46) Arguments in what could be called the "relational" feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of "equality in difference", or equity as distinct from equality. They contend that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women's procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. 47) By contrast, the individualist feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rights and cerebrates women's quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant responsibilities. Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. 48) Between 1890 and 1920, however, relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought and which still predominates among European and non-Western feminists, lost ground in England and the United States. Because the concept of individual rights was already well established in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition, individualist feminism came to predominate in English-speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches began to seem increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender-blind system with equal rights for all. 49) Relational feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities outside the home should be available for all women, continued to emphasize women's special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers. They demanded special treatment for women, including protective legislation for women workers, state- sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework. Relational arguments have a major pitfall: because they underline women's physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. 50) But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. If the individualist framework, with its claim for women's autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Supposeyouareamemberofstaffatthelibraryinyouruniversity.Yourlibraryplanstopurchasesomenewbooks.Writealettertothepublishinghousewhichincludes:(1)thepurposeofwritingtheletter;(2)anenquiryaboutdetailedinformationonthenewbooks;(3)anenquiryaboutapossiblediscount.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Yesterday you were told that there was going to be a seminar sponsored by a newspaper. The discussion is centered upon juvenile psychology. You want to make your presentation during the seminar, and now write a letter to the editor-in-chief of the paper. Your writing should be based upon the following outline: 1) inquiry about relevant information, 2) a brief account of your expertise, 3) and expression of your interest. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Write a poster to your schoolmates, informing them of a new book to be released. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.{{/I}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanarticleonthewasteofenergy.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)describethedrawing,2)interpretitssymbolicmeaning,and3)giveyourcomment.Youshouldwrite1t50--200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the notepaper. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write your address.

问答题 Directions: Title: Copyright on the Internet Outline: the present state, reasons, and solutions You should write about 160--200 words heady on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. (46) It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. (47) But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company. Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. (48) Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. (49) The best way to overcome it—so at least it seems to me—is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life . An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. (50) I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. (423 words)

问答题Write your letter neatly with no less than 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use " Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Information channeling is undergoing remarkable progress in various sectors of society in industrial activities, public services and, more recently, in daily living. In the sector of industrial activities, automation is continuing with the aim of increasing productivity--introduction of computers for process control by the manufacturing industry, and introduction of numerically controlled machine tools, industrial robots, computer-aided design systems and, more recently, flexible manufacturing system by processing and assembling industries. (46) {{U}}Meanwhile, in offices rapid office automation is presently in progress, stimulated by the popular acceptance of computerized systems, expansion of communications networks and the remarkable technological progress achieved in related equipment such as Japanese word processors.{{/U}} Rapid automation and efficiency improvement are also being achieved in the sector of commodity distribution through the introduction of advanced point of sales systems. Information channeling is being utilized actively in the field of public services. (47) {{U}}For example, large capacity computers were introduced from an early stage for the control of railway trains and for extending seat reservation services, and more recently diagnostic systems utilizing computers have become commonplace in medical care.{{/U}} (48) {{U}}To cope with the steady shift toward an aging society, research is in progress to develop technologies related to medical information systems with the aim of improving efficiency in medical services.{{/U}} Regarding education, computerized systems including the CAI (computer assisted instruction) system and CMI (computer managed instruction) system are presently being put to trial operation. In the sector of administration, efficiency of clerical work is being improved through the introduction of computers, and huge volumes of administrative data are more recently being stored in data base systems. (49) {{U}}In the wake of these moves, computers have become indispensable for advancing large-scale R&D (research and development) projects as in connection with space development and atomic power development, and also in the field of basic research in life science.{{/U}} Daily living is also a sector in which information channeling is taking firm root. (50) {{U}}To cope with civilian needs for more convenience in home living and in order to meet the needs raised by growing diversification of lifestyle, active research is presently in progress to develop and commercialize new media incorporating sophisticated data processing functions for use in addition to existing media involving the television, radio and telephone.{{/U}} In concert, research is being directed at developing technologies related 'to automation in the home.

问答题Not many industries are doing well in the recession. But along with discount retailers and pawnbrokers, online-dating sites such as eHarmony, corn and OkCupid. com have seen business look up. There are several theories to explain why. 46． It may be that people have more time to devote to their private lives as the economy slows; that uncertain times increase the desire for companionship; or that living alone is expensive, whereas couples can split many of their costs. "People who have been single for years are suddenly focused on finding someone," says Greg Waldorf, the boss of eHarmony, a wholesome marriage-oriented site with more than 20m paying subscribers. 47．He favours the companionship-in-hard-times theory: "Going through difficult times with someone special is better than doing it alone. " In a recent survey carried out for his company, 25% of women said stress about the state of the economy made them more inclined to seek a long-term relationship. The company also noticed that the number of visits to its website was higher than average on days when the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell by more than 100 points. At OkCupid, which is aimed at a more casual, youthful crowd, there has been a jump in membership since the financial crisis set in, and an even bigger jump in how often members use the site. Back in September, users were sending 6,000 on-site instant messages a day, says Sam Yagan, OkCupid's boss. Now that number is over 18,000．48．OkCupid has the advantage of being free, which has proved popular with people looking for partners for what Mr. Yagan euphemistically calls "cheap entertainment". After all, if you have a girlfriend or a boyfriend, he says, "you can just play Scrabble instead of going out for the evening. " 49．But perhaps the boom is the result of neither a nesting instinct, nor a desire to save money. AshleyMadison. corn, a very different type of dating site, is also doing well. Instead of arranging marriages, the subscription-based site arranges affairs-and never before have so many people been looking for a bit on the side. Ashley Madison's boss, Noel Biderman, thinks his site, and others, are prospering for another reason: money problems. "The majority of relationship discord stems from economic troubles," he says. 50．Instead of fighting, married people are taking stock of their lives. "They want to do something that makes them feel better about themselves," Mr Biderman says, "and $ 49 is a tiny expenditure for a life- altering affair. /

问答题at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题 Genoa is on the Italian Riviera, but its steelworks, container parks and oil terminal are not the usual charms of a millionaires' playground. Even so. for many wealthy people it was the place to be last weekend, to see the Salone Nautico's fabulous display of luxury boats and yachts. (47) With some 350,000 visitors, the event is a shop-window for Italy's boatbuilders who lead the market in providing the super-rich with boats stretching beyond 24m (79ft). Italy's boatyards make more than a third of all the floating palaces around the world. At this year's show, Azimut-Benetti and Ferretti-Riva, the two leading producers, displayed their latest and most opulent models. Italy builds all kinds of pleasure craft and two-thirds, worth eurol.7 billion ($2.1 billion) last year, are exported. (48) According to Paolo Vitelli, chairman of the Italian boatbuilders' association, the winning combination at the very top of the market is style fabrics, skilled carpenters, fashion, technology and innovation. "We are masters in these areas. The business is tailor-made for Italians." He is unconcerned by high oil prices and parts of the world sailing into economic doldrums. The market for luxury goods seems impervious to these. Three factors, says Mr Vitelli. have helped the market grow. (49) Boatbuilders have raised output by switching to modern production techniques: more marinas have been built, which makes life easier for owners; and the number of millionaires with money to splurge on pleasure craft has risen sharply. Their pockets have to be deep. Azimut-Benetti. which Mr Vitelli founded in 1969. offers a range of craft. At the top of its fibreglass-hulled Azimut range is a 35m (116 ft) motor yacht which costs euro8. 5m. A steel-hulled Benetti, however, might cost five times that. Mr Vitelli's business reported net profits of earo35m on sales of euro403m last year and it is expanding strongly. (50) Meanwhile, new markets, like China and Russia. are opening up and producing their own crop of boating millionaires.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are supposed to invite Dr. King to make a speech about the future development of computer science at the annual conference of your department. Wrtie a letter to Mr. King to 1) invite him on behalf of your department, 2) tell him the time and place of the conference, and 3) promise to give him further details later. You should write about 100 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)