问答题Directions : Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80～100 English words. 博物馆免费开放：亟待公众热情参与 全国各地免费开放的博物馆、遗址公园等文化遗产，已成为众多中小学生的文化盛宴。这一公共政策的实施，无疑使这些青少年成为文化场所免费开放的真正受益者。 2008年3月，党中央、国务院高屋建瓴、审时度势推出了博物馆免费开放的决策。尽管在全球经济危机的背景下面临一些考验，但是，政府买单让百姓共享文化成果的做法得到了公众的拥护，对于核心价值体系的构建起到积极的推动作用。 今年，国际博物馆协会将国际博物馆日的主题定为“博物馆与旅游”，旨在探讨全球博物馆等文化遗产资源如何在刺激消费、促进旅游、拉动经济中发挥作用。事实上，我国博物馆免费开放时代的来临，不仅保障了公众的文化权益，而且还推动了经济的增长。例如，近年来，杭州西湖的博物馆、遗址、公共没施等遗产群的免费开放，不仅增加了人流，而且还带动了旅游等相关收入的增长。博物馆免费开放是还利于民的好政策，是我国文化场所免费开放政策的纵深和延续。当然，博物馆免费开放是一新鲜事物，目前还有待于进一步完善，免费开放实践与理想的政策目标之间也还存在一段距离。 可以这么说，没有参与，公众就不会持续地关注博物馆的藏品，没有互动，公众不会持续地参与到博物馆建设中来。没有公众的关注和参与，博物馆也将失去其作为城市文明殿堂的意义。 免费开放是以公众参与作为公共政策选择的出发点，目的就是调动公众参与的积极性，从而提高博物馆等公共文化资源的使用率。如果说，“博物馆是城市的客厅”是一种理想，那么，免费开放址这个理想成为现实。当公众能够自由进出博物馆，把博物馆当作自己的博物馆，当作生活中不可缺少的部分，当作向外地客人展示城市魅力的地方，我们的博物馆就将成为所有市民引以为自豪的城市客厅。因此，博物馆管理者应该积极地创造让城市主人充分使用客厅的条件，及时地更新客厅的装饰和内容．提供更为优质的服务。 失去门票利益驱动的博物馆是否愿意经常地装扮客厅，这是值得思考的问题。一些博物馆的管理者认为，免费开放并没有带来参观人数的明显增加，因此在拉动旅游发展中起到的作用微乎其微。问题恰恰是，作为文化资源的管理者，博物馆没有很好地为公众服务，没有从公众的角度出发，自然遭到公众的冷落。 一些博物馆管理者总是强调免费开放带来的利益受损，而没有看到免费开放带来的发展机遇。当越来越多的企业选择在人民大会堂以及地方政府会议中心等重要场所屣示企业形象的时候，博物馆是否可以从中得到启发? 博物馆作为城市的精神家园，给予公众的不仅是精神上的愉悦和满足，更多的是一种心灵上的归属感。过去，博物馆展览没有很好地考虑到公众的心理和审美诉求，如今，公众的参与和对展览经费使用情况的监督将促使博物馆管理层认真、全面地考虑公众在审美、知识、历史、文化方面的诉求，否则将承受公众和新闻媒体的舆论压力。过去，博物馆把公众当作知识教育的对象，没有作为平等的主体进行交流。如今，一些博物馆经常举办一些专题性的文化论坛和讲座，旨在提高公众解读博物馆藏品资源的能力以及对话能力。类似博物馆QQ群、网上论坛的建设，可以在志愿者和义工的参与下，与公众形成良好的互动，从而让公众在展览内容和形式这块“地盘”上做主。 作为公共文化事业．博物馆的管理和经营需要公众的参与，每一个公众的劳动应该受到尊重。让公众在博物馆这一舞台上展示自我，让公众参与到城市发展和文化建设中来，或许可以成为免费开放后博物馆绝处逢生甚至发展壮大的良方。 我们强调博物馆是城市的名片，不只是说博物馆建筑是城市的标志，而是说把博物馆当作展示城市文化的窗口。那么，如何发掘城市历史文化资源，从而吸引更多的外地游客，成为地方政府决策者思考的问题。近年来，各地政府在发展旅游过程中逐步重视发展和扶持文化创意产业，也开始强调对城市文化遗产资源的开发和利用。占有一个城市主要文化遗产资源的博物馆，自然也应该在文化创意产业和旅游产业的发展中起到主导的作用。 一直以来，博物馆很重视纪念品的开发和利用，并把那些吸收地域特色文化凶素的纪念品作为宣传博物馆、宣传一个城市的流动名片。“把博物馆带回家”是博物馆纪念品开发的理念，也是博物馆经营和管理的口号。除了纪念品外，博物馆还可以独立和采取合作的方式组建歌舞团等文艺演出团体。并结合馆藏文物历史、文化、审美的内涵，创作相应的音乐，编排相应的舞蹈，也可以像良渚博物院一样拍摄以文物考古为题材的影视作品．更可以结合建筑群的特点、内部构造开发一些寓教于乐、类似《帝国时代》的网络游戏和动漫作品。博物馆要善于依托其馆藏文化资源进行文化创意产品的开发和营销，这样才能使外地游客在参观博物馆的过程中有所收获。 总之，把博物馆比喻为城市的客厅、城市的家园和城市的名片，是免费开放时代博物馆功能的一种阐释。能否真正发挥作用，关键在于公众的参与，在于建立和完善博物馆公众参与的机制，并在制度上给予充分的保障。

问答题In the past year, a lot has changed in the field of human spaceflight. (46) In January, President George Bush brushed aside the fact that America's entire space-shuttle fleet was grounded when he announced grandiose plans to put people back on the moon, and then to launch a manned mission to Mars. (47) In June, Burt Rutan, an American aeronautical engineer, showed that human spaceflight was no longer the preserve of governments by sending a man to the edge of space in Space Ship One, a privately financed vehicle that cost about the same to build as a luxury yacht. That was followed in September by Sir Richard Branson, the British entrepreneur behind the Virgin brand, announcing that he had signed a deal with Mr Rutan to work on plans for a fleet of five suborbital vehicles developed from Space Ship One. (48) Now, in the dying days of the year, America's Congress has passed a bill that unravels a tangle about who would be responsible for regulating the fledgling industry, and under what terms. (49) The hill also allows passengers to fly on the understanding that this new generation of vehicles may not be as safe as taking a commercial flight between, say, New York and London. The official line from Virgin Galactica, as Sir Richard's latest venture is modestly named, is that this coming change in the law makes no practical difference to the firm's plans, since they do not intend to fly unless they can make their spacecraft as safe as a private jet. But it must surely come as some sort of relief. In any case, Will Whitehorn, director of corporate affairs at Virgin's headquarters in London, and soon to become the president of Virgin Galactica, says that work is under way on a mock up of the inter[or of a new spacecraft that will hold five passengers. (50) Virgin has already committed ＄20m towards licensing the SpaceShipOne technology from Mr Rutan and his financial backer Paul Allen, a software billionaire.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingstatements.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

问答题Directions: Suppose that Jack, a friend of yours, has invited you to his birthday party, but you cannot go for some reasons. Write a letter to make an apology to him. 1) Give your suggestions, and explain the reasons, 2) Other recommendation. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use" Zhang Wei" instead. Do not write your address.

问答题Directions: Suppose you are Li Ming. You learn that there are job openings in an electric appliances company. You intend to apply for the position of sales representative. You write a letter to the company's human resources manager. Your letter should include the following: 1) inquiry about the information, 2) brief accounts of your qualifications, and 3) how you can be reached. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: Qingdao is going to hold a Beer Festival. Write a letter to invite your friend in Beijing to come to Qingdao to enjoy the festival, Your letter should include: (1) the reasons for the invitation; (2) arrangement for his or her stay in Qingdao; (3) recommendation about the transportation. You should write about 100 words on Answer sheet 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Hua" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese, Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. {{U}}Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is distributed, by altering political campaigns, and changing citizens' patterns of response to politics.{{/U}} By giving citizen's independent access to the candidates, television dismissed the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By cantering politics on the person of candidates, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues. Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. (47) {{U}}The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were, the stump speech, a political speech given by travelling politicians and lasting 1.5 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30 second advertisement and then 10 second "sound bite" in broadcast news.{{/U}} Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a clip of the speech on the news. In these abbreviated forms, much of what consisted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. (48) {{U}}In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker can't establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others.{{/U}} In clips, politicians assert but do not argue. Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it required a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us not analyze words and print. (49) {{U}}However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.{{/U}} Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual and staged events, called pseudo-events, designed to attract media coverage. (50) {{U}}Politicians, their speechwriters and their public relations advisers for televised consumption have crafted much of the political activity we see on television news.{{/U}} Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.

问答题What is the point of telling you about this second book? Well, it all hinges on the dates involved. The latter story was written in the early 1960s, whereas the Goosebumps series dates from the 1990s. (46) This makes the point rather dear: The sands have shifted radically in 30 years. A "debunking" book like this is no longer fashionable. Who today wants to read about anything as thought-provoking and "uncool" as debunking? Where once a movie was commonplace? (47) The "magical realism" movement, where natural and supernatural events happily converge, has become enormously influential in serious literature, as well. Movie and television viewers and readers of serious literature are given the tacit message that me line between the natural and supernatural is blurry, and perhaps even nonexistent. Not surprisingly, concomitant with these high--and pap--culture trends comes a profoundly disturbing collective shift in attitude. (48) The general public no longer views science, let alone the ultimate truths of the universe, with a sense of awe and mystery, but instead considers it conservative and mundane, "trapped" in logical thinking. It is as if the shackles of rigidity have been removed when "open-minded" attitudes are conveyed on television, in books, in movies about ESP, UFQ, or any of a thousand other varieties of alleged paranormal phenomena. (49) The great danger, in my estimation, is not so much that vast numbers of children and adults will get sucked wholesale into truly goofy belief systems, but that they will be misled into accepting the implicit message that science is boring, conservative, dose-minded, devoid of mystery, and a negative force in society. Again, this message is not overt, but tacit, perhaps not even consciously intended. Yet it is precisely this subliminality that makes it so insidious and dangerous. I have no quick fixes. I do not know how to quickly and easily repair decades of damage. I do not even fully understand why the sands have shifted so radically. (50) All I can do is look on in sadness and worry about the future of rational inquiry, bemoaning the loss of awe toward genuine mysteries that our society was once lucky enough to possess.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Qingdao is going to hold a Beer Festival. Write a letter to invite your friend in Beijing to come to Qingdao to enjoy the festival, Your letter should include: (1) the reasons for the invitation; (2) arrangement for his or her stay in Qingdao; (3) recommendation about the transportation. You should write about 100 words on Answer sheet 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Hua" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Write an essay according to the following title, in which you should: 1) give your comment; 2) write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. What Lessons Can Chinese Draw from SARS? Note: SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes. (严重急性呼吸道综合征) You should write about 160--200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions: Write a letter according to the situation below: You bought a walkman in a store recently. But when you came back to school, you found that there was something wrong with it. Write to the manager of the store. Ask him to replace the walkman or refund your money. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题46) {{U}}During the adolescence, the development of political ideology becomes apparent in the individual ; ideology here is defined as the presence of roughly consistent attitudes, more or less organized in reference to a more encompassing set of general principles.{{/U}} As such, political ideology is dim or absent at the beginning of adolescence. Its acquisition by the adolescent, in even the most modest sense, requires the acquisition of relatively sophisticated cognitive skills: the ability to manage abstractness, to synthesize and generalize, to imagine the future. These are accompanied by a steady advance in the ability to understand principles. The child's rapid acquisition of political knowledge also promotes the growth of political ideology during adolescence. 47) {{U}}By knowledge I mean more than the dull "facts" such as the composition of country government, that the child is exposed to in the conventional ninth-grade school course.{{/U}} Nor do I mean only information on current political realities. 48) {{U}}These are facts of knowledge, but they are less critical than the adolescent's absorption of a feeling for those many unspoken assumptions about the political system that comprise the common ground of understanding, for example, what the state can "appropriately" demand of its citizens, and vice versa, or the "proper" relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions such as the schools and churches.{{/U}} Thus, political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as of objective facts. 49 ) {{U}}Much of the naiveté that characterizes the younger adolescent's grasp of politics stems not from an ignorance of "facts" but from an incomplete comprehension of the common conventions of the system, of what is and is not customarily done, and of how and why it is or is not done.{{/U}} Yet I do not want to overemphasize the significance of increased political knowledge in forming adolescent ideology. Over the years I have become progressively disenchanted about the centrality of such knowledge and have come to believe that much current work in political socialization, by relying too heavily on its apparent acquisition, has been misled about the tempo of political understanding in adolescence. 50) {{U}}Just as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random bits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the information.{{/U}} Children's minds pick up bits and pieces of data, but until the adolescent has grasped the encompassing function that concepts and principles provide, the data remain fragmented, random, disordered.

问答题Directions : You have a few questions to ask your professor, but he is not in his office. Leave a note to: 1) introduce yourself 2) explain the purpose of your visit 3) arrange another time to see him You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.