问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. The long and progressive reign of Queen Victoria came to a climax at a time of peace and plenty when the British Empire seemed to be at the summit of its power and security. Of the discord that soon followed we shall here note only two factors which had large influence on contemporary English literature. The first disturbing factor was imperialism, the reawakening of a dominating spirit which had seemingly been put to sleep by the proclamation of an Imperial Federation. (46){{U}}Its coming was heralded by the Boer War in South Africa, through which Britain blundered to what was hoped to be an era of peace and good will.{{/U}} Other nations promptly made such hope a vain whistling in the wind. Japanese War Lords began a career of conquest which aimed to make Japan master of Asia and East Indies. Pacific islands that had for ages slept peacefully were turned into frowning naval stations. (47){{U}}Even the United States, aroused by an easy triumph in the Spanish War, started on an imperialistic adventure by taking control of the Philippines, thus making an implacable enemy of Japan.{{/U}} Only a nation that enters on a dangerous course with eyes wide open has any chance of a safe way out, and the imperialistic nations were all alike blind. (48){{U}}An inevitable result was the First War and the great horror of a Second World War, the two disasters being different acts of the same tragedy of imperialism, separated only by a breathing spell.{{/U}} Another factor that influenced literature for the worse was a widespread demand for social reform of every kind; not slow and orderly reform, which is progress, but immediate and uncontrolled reform, which breeds a spirit of rebellion and despair. Before the Victorian age had come to an end, English literature appeared to have lost touch with healthy English life. Many writers echoed the sorrowful cry of James Thomson in his City of Dreadful Night, or babbled of "art for art's sake" with Oscar Wilde. (49){{U}}Groom, in his survey of the period, notes that writers had mostly a critical attitude toward morals and religion, Church and State, as relies from "the dead hand of traditional beliefs."{{/U}} (50){{U}}Small wonder that German and Japanese war-advocates regarded Englishmen as a decadent race when the same or a worse opinion was daily read in the novels of Samuel Butler and nightly heard in the plays of Bernard Shaw.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Study the picture above carefully and write an essay entitled "On Cultural Exchanges." In the essay, you should (1) describe the pictures; (2) interpret their meaning; (3) give your opinion about the phenomenon.

问答题Directions: You have trouble with reading and are in need of some advice from Professor Wang. Write a letter to him to 1) give him your personal information, 2) state your problems, and 3) ask for the time and place of a possible interview with him. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80～100 English words 教育的社会责任 教育与老百姓的生存发展息息相关。无论是国家民族，还是人民大众，对教育的重视都达到了一个空前的高度。在这种情形之下，教育尤其应当肩负起应有的社会责任，对国家和民族负责，对人民大众负责。 教育的对象是人，“人只有通过教育才能成为人”。因此，教育首先必须对人负责，对受教育者负责。教育是人学，教育要对受教育者负责，就是首先要把学生作为人来对待，应当充满人性关怀，始终闪耀人性光辉。教育对人负责，就是应当关注人的能力培养，开启学生的智力，培养学生的能力，发展学生的潜力，“传道授业解惑也”。但是，决不能把学生当作盛装知识的容器，当作考试做题的工具。一切为了分数，一切为了考试，一切为了升学，揠苗助长、削足适履，这些做法，都是对人的极端不负责任。人民教育家陶行知先生深恶痛绝的，就是那种“教育等于读书，读书等于赶考”的“消灭民族生存力”的恶行。有教无类，因材施教，循循善诱，诲人不倦……先哲的这些金玉之言，不仅道出了教育的真谛，更体现了对人性的尊重。 真正的教育，是“照料人的心魄”，是“促进人的灵魂的转向”，是“使心灵的和谐达到完善的境地”。因此，教育对人负责，应当更多地关注人的灵魂塑造。真正的教育，应当是爱的濡染，是美的熏陶，是善的弘扬，是真的追求。陶行知先生曾说：“千教万教教人求真，千学万学学做真人。”这句话，不仅指明了育人的方向，更阐释了教育的责任所在。所以，成功的教育，首先体现在走出校门的教育对象，应当是对社会、对民族、对集体、对家庭，有积极性而无消极性、有建设性而无破坏性、有促进性而无倒逆性的人。 教育，应当是向善的，应当是向上的，应当是向好的。有偿家教，违规补课，甚至教师教学生作弊，还向学生兜售高考作弊器，这种种行为，是对学生也是对社会的严重不负责任。所以，为人师者，不仅要学高为师，更应身正为范，“捧着一颗心来，不带半根草去”，“为一大事来，做一大事去”。 人的生命是鲜活的。真正的教育，不应是压抑生命、禁锢生命，而应是珍惜生命、滋养生命、激扬生命、舒展生命，让生命更加灿烂、更加生龙活虎、更加朝气蓬勃。宋代程颐说“有文采以养其目，声音以养其耳，威仪以养其四体，歌舞以养其血气，义理以养其心”。苏霍姆林斯基也曾说“美是道德纯洁、精神丰富和体魄健全的有力源泉”，“教育，如果没有美，没有艺术，那是不可思议的”。因为忽视体育锻炼，学生学业负担过重，体质普遍下降；因为忽视心理呵护，学生心理疾患日渐增多；因为忽视人文熏陶，学生的内心冷漠。所以，学校的教育活动，应当坚持健康第一，要通过体育教学，“让学生掌握一至两种伴随终生的体育技能”，提振学生的精气神，“养乎吾身，乐乎吾心”，健康生活一辈子。学校的教育活动，应当具有浓郁的美育氛围，要通过音乐、美术、书法等教学活动，教育和培养青少年拥有完美的人格、健康的情感、美好的心灵。 教育是社会意志的体现者，肩负着按照社会要求塑造人的使命。教育对社会负责，就必须体现社会意志，必须为社会发展服务。这既是教育的根本宗旨，也是教育的根本任务。毋庸讳言，在当前经济社会快速发展的进程中，教育存在着许多值得反思的现象，出现了过分功利化的倾向，忽视了必要的社会价值追求。比如，对学校发展的商业化运作，学校之间的不正当竞争，办学效果评价的简单化，师生关系的物质化，这些功利化的做法不仅影响了人才培养的质量，更为危险的是给社会埋下了一个又一个毒瘤。始终坚守社会核心价值，成为社会伦理的向导、人类良知的灯塔，充分发挥教育的引领和示范作用，这不仅是教育的责任，也是教育的良知。 为社会发展与变革服务，为社会进步与繁荣作贡献，是教育义不容辞的责任。维护社会和谐稳定，减少愚昧与迷信，消除贫困与落后，减少犯罪，消除不平等不公正，是教育不可替代的重要功能。教育公平是社会公平的重要基础，教育对社会负责，就是要以教育的公平公正促进社会的公平公正，教育不公必然祸及土会。教育的效果既具有现实性更具有未来性，教育对社会负责，就是要通过对人的培养从而实现为社会现实与长远利益服务，不能一味追求眼前效果，急功近利，而忽视未来效果。当前，切实解决教育的热点难点问题．如促进城乡教育均衡发展，提高教育质量，促进大学毕业生就业等等，都是教育对社会尽责的重要内容。 “优先发展教育，建设人力资源强国”是党的十七大提出的重大战略目标。教育唯有肩负责任，方能不辱使命。

问答题Directions.A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160—200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Describethedrawingandinterpretitsmeaning,2.Andpointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.(20points)

问答题We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two aspects of science. The first of which is the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves that structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment. 46)The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 47)Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs. The process of careful observation, perception of a pattern in the phenomena observed, followed by exploitation of this knowledge, has largely inspired the area of human activity known as "science". 48)It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity. While this process still underlies most scientific activity, the classic "scientific method" has been criticized from a variety of perspectives. 49)To begin with, it is apparent that the "objectivity" of science and scientists strictly characterizes only the lowest order of scientific activity—observation, and even here it is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly impartial observer of events. What someone chooses to observe and the way one observes it must, after all, in part be a reflection of experience and of ideas as to what is significant. Consider, for example, the different ways in which an artist and a layman look at a painting and the different reactions they have to the same work. The construction of hypotheses and theories reflects the scientist's interpretation of what he or she has observed even more clearly than observation. At this stage of the scientific method, an element of subjectivity is inevitably present. This can most easily be seen in the extreme case of scientists of truly creative genius. Galileo, for instance, challenged the scientists (and the church) of his day with his hypothesis that the earth revolved around the sun. A twentieth century example is Watson and Click's discovery of the molecular structure of DNA. 50)Clearly, science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative; this may entail looking beyond existing paradigms governing research in a given area of study.

问答题 Directions: You are a senior student at Beijing Union University, majoring in computer science. You are preparing to take the national examination for the postgraduates next year. Write a letter to Prof Wang, expressing your hope to attend his English Writing class.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions:Thefollowingpicturesuggeststheadvantagesofdevelopmentinscienceandtechnologyandthedisastersitmaycause.Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthepicture.Yourcompositionshouldinclude:1)descriptionofthepicture;2)analysisoftheimplications,and3)yourcomments.

问答题1. apologizing for not attending;2. tell the reason;3. ask to accept apology. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Jack" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are applying for a position as an English teacher. Write a letter to the Head of Foreign Languages Department to 1) introduce yourself, 2) give an account of your job experience, and 3) ask for a job interview. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions:Yougotaninvitationtotakepartinaweddingceremony.Writeraletterdecliningtheinvitationwhichshouldinclude:(1)thepurposeofwritingthisletter;(2)thereasonsforyourabsence;(3)yourgoodwishestothecouple.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

问答题Gandhi's pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (46) Its motive was religious, but he chimed also for it that it was a definite technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi's attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, (47) the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of nonviolent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like Gandhi objected to "passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujaruti, it seems the word means "firmness in the truth." (48) In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914--1918. Even after he had completely renounced violence he was honest enough. to see that in wax it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centered round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (49) indeed, he did not take the fruitless and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is: What about the Jews and are you prepared to see them exterminated? (50) I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the "you're another" type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on record in Mr. Louis Fisher's Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fisher, Gandhi's view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which "would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler's violence.\

问答题Recently, the news has been filled with reports of the "bird flu". 46． Asia is on a region- wide health alert, with governments slaughtering millions of chickens to contain outbreaks of the bird flu in Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, South Korea, Japan and China. Influenza-commonly called "flu"-is one of the oldest and most common diseases known to man. It can also be one of the deadliest. 47．The great "Spanish flu" pandemic of 1918-1919 was considered the worst plague in history, killing up to 40 million people with half of the world's population infected in only a few months. 48．Influenza can also infect many different warm-blooded animals, such as birds. However, the "flu" virus usually develops different variants that are specialized for each species of animals that they infect. Cross species infections are rare. A flu strain called influenza A (H5N1) appears to have made a successful jump from birds to humans. The viral strain was first isolated from South African birds in 1961．49．The first known human infection occurred in a Hong Kong toddler in May of 1997．By the end of 1997, there were 13 confirmed cases and four deaths, all in Hong Kong. In an attempt to stop the spread of the disease, the government of Hong Kong ordered the slaughter of all chickens, ducks, geese, quail and domestic pigeons. Humans infected with H5N1 so far are thought to have caught the disease from fowl and no person-to-person transmissions have been reported. 50．The WHO, however, fears that the bird flu is highly adaptable and might leap the species barrier. It says anyone exposed to the disease should be quarantined to avoid contact with sufferers of regular human influenza.