问答题Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. (46)At present it is generally accepted , although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on tile right way. (47)This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather Complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities. (48) The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. (49)We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house. (50)The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in tile district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.

问答题The term Silent Generation may have been unflattering, but it was not inaccurate. (46)In the '50s, America seemed both workable and working, which allowed us the luxury of growing up in peace and security: Unlike those who preceded or those who followed us, we were not expected to fight or die for our country. The grievances of poverty, race and inequality were no less valid than they are today, but we were largely unaware of them. And so, for most of us, they did not exist. We were incapable of hero worship. Those we most admired, in fact, were not real heroes but the antiheroes of fiction or film. (47)For us, coolness was all; we prided ourselves on being excellent critics, even of ourselves, as if we had a third eye looking in rather than out. We did not care so much what the good fight was, so long as it was waged with effortless style and nonchalance. (48)Skeptical vision is a quality of the good journalist--and our generation has produced an extraordinary number of good journalists but it is usually fatal to the novelist or poet, who must have conviction in order to create. Our outstanding artists of prose and poetry can be counted quite literally on the fingers of one hand. Even the best of them seem uncomfortable with the major theses of life and death. (49)Most of us deny it, sincerely no doubt, but we are envious of the young; we were, after all, so close to having the same freedoms and so near to their new world. We are envious of something else: time and time again it has been the young who have led the way in attacking a war that many of us also believe is wrong. Older and better equipped to protest, more of us should have taken the initiative. But the revolutionaries among us, political or cultural, are a minority; reform, not revolution, is our aim. (50)As a generation, we are distinguished by our lack of anger: Circled by fury, we are the unfurious; surround- ed by passion, we are the dispassionate. Most of us by this time have made a commitment to the kind of coun- try we want to live in. Still, it is a commitment based on reason; we are appalled, all of us, by the automatic reflexes of those younger or older than we are. Detached, observed always by that invisible third eye, we still find it impossible to deliver ourselves completely to slogans and ideologies.

问答题There are a great many reasons for studying what philosophers have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the history of philosophy from that of science. Philosophy is largely discussion about matters on which few people are quite certain, and those few hold opposite opinions. As knowledge increases, philosophy buds off the sciences. We also see how every philosopher reflects the social life of his day. (46) But we can hardly guess what the world will look like to men and women with several generations of communism behind them, who take the brotherhood of man for granted, not as an ideal to be aimed at, but a fact of life, and yet know that this brotherhood was only achieved by ghastly struggles. The study of philosophies should make our own ideas flexible. We are all of us apt to take certain general ideas for granted, and call them common sense. We should learn that other people have held quite different ideas, and that our own have started as very original guesses of philosophers. If a dog could speak, it would probably not distinguish between motion and life. Some primitive men do not do so, and travelers interpret them as saying there are spirits everywhere. (47) In our age of machines we are apt to look for mechanical explanations of everything, yet it is only three hundred years since machines had been developed so far that Descartes first suggested that animal and human bodies were machines. A scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science. I think this is true for a great many of the questions on which philosophers still argue. (48) For example, Plato thought that when we saw something, one ray of light came to it from the sun, and another from our eyes, and that seeing was something like feeling with a stick. We now know that the light comes from the sun, and is reflected into our eyes. We don't know in much detail how the changes in our eyes give rise to sensation. (49) But there is every reason to think that we learn more about the physiology of the brain, we shall do so, and that the great philosophical problems about knowledge and will are going to be pretty fully cleared up. (50) But if our descendants know the answers to these questions and others which perplex us today, there will still be one field of which they do not know, namely the future. However exact our science, we cannot know it as we know the past. Philosophy may be described as argument about things of which we are ignorant. And where science gives us a hope of knowledge it is often reasonable to suspend judgment. That is one reason why Marx and Engels quite rightly wrote so little on many philosophical problems which interested their contemporaries. (484 words)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are a member of Photography Club and this club is going to hold a photo exhibition to celebrate the coming 50th anniversary of your university. Now you are expected to write a note to invite your schoolmates to contribute photos to this exhibition. Write your note in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

问答题Directions: You rent a house through an agency. The heating system has stopped working. You phoned the agency a week ago but it still has not been repaired. Write a letter to the agency. Your letter should be based on the following outline: 1) state your purpose; 2) explain the situation; 3) tell them what you want them to do about it. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Fan Cheng" instead, You do not need to write the address.

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题(46) Most large companies today have employed trained psychologists to develop what are known as "competency models" to aid them in identifying, training, and promoting likely stars in the leadership firmament. The psychologists have also developed such models for lower-level positions. And in recent years, I have analyzed competency models from 188 companies, most of which were large and global and included the likes of Lucent Technologies, British Airways, and Credit Suisse. (47) In carrying out this work, my objective was to determine which personal capabilities drove outstanding performance within these organizations, and to what degree they did so. I grouped capabilities into three categories: purely technical skills like accounting and business planning; cognitive abilities like analytical reasoning; and competencies demonstrating emotional intelligence such as the ability to work with others and effectiveness in leading change. (48) To create some of the competency models, psychologists asked senior managers at the companies to identify the capabilities that typified the organization's most outstanding leaders. To create other models, the psychologists used objective criteria such as a division's profitability to differentiate the star performers at senior levels within their organizations from the average ones. Those individuals were then extensively interviewed and tested, and their capabilities were compared. This process resulted in the creation of lists of ingredients for highly effective leaders. The lists ranged in length from 7 to 15 items and included such ingredients as initiative and strategic vision. When I analyzed all this data, I found dramatic results. To be sure, intellect was a driver of outstanding performance. Cognitive skills such as big-picture thinking and long-term vision were particularly important. (49) But when I calculated the ratio of technical skills, IQ, and emotional intelligence as ingredients of excellent performance, emotional intelligence proved to be twice as important as the others for jobs at all levels. (50) Moreover, my analysis showed that emotional intelligence played an increasingly important role at the highest levels of the company, where differences in technical skills are of negligible importance. In other words, the higher the rank of a person considered to be a star performer, the more emotional intelligence capabilities showed up as the reason for his or her effectiveness. When I compared star performers with average ones in senior leadership positions, nearly 90% of the difference in their profiles was attributable to emotional intelligence factors rather than cognitive abilities. Other researchers have confirmed that emotional intelligence not only distinguishes outstanding leaders but can also be linked to strong performance. The findings of the late David McClelland, the renowned researcher in human and organizational behavior, are a good example. In a 1996 study of a global food and beverage company, McClelland found that when senior managers had a critical mass of emotional intelligence capabilities, their divisions outperformed yearly earnings goals by 20%. Meanwhile, division leaders without that critical mass underperformed by almost the same amount.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Interpretthefollowingpicture,2)Analyzepossiblereasonsforthissituation,3)Andsuggestcounter-measures.

问答题At the World Bank in Washington, officials have posted some new " help wanted" signs. The bank is looking for a few good specialists to focus on adapting to global warming. It's a small start, perhaps. 46. Still, the ads represent one signal that adaptation is emerging from the political circle to take its place among the fronl-rank options for dealing with elilnate change. 47. At least in the developed world, the idea that people should start figuring out how to deal with the projected effects of warming has been overshadowed by calls to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions. Some environmentalists have viewed adaptation either as a white flag on the issue or as a refuge of cont rarians who despise the broad consensus that human activity is warming the climate. 48. But last week's release of a report on the science of global warming—with its projections of warming based on emissions already in the air, as well as on potential future emissions trends—has helped underscore the need. " Climate change is here and now," notes Ian Noble, a senior climatechange specialist at the World Bank. "We have to adapt. " In some cases, adaptation can be politically wrenching. Australia, for example, is facing the worst drought in a century. The drought's length and severity is.consistent with some projections of global warming, several scientists note. The national government has proposed a controversial, $2.5-billion (Australian) plan to wrest control of the withering Murray-Darling river basin—the country's largest river system--from the four states in eastern Australia that draw water from it. 49. Meanwhile, Queensland has adopted regulations that since last March have required each new home in the state to draw nearly 40 percent less water than pre-2006 homes. In some towns, building codes specify the installation of large holding tanks to capture and store rain for use in the gardens and to flush toilets. If Australia represents the dry end of the adaptation spectrum in the develop world, New Orleans and the Gulf Coast may well represent the wet end. The region is still struggling to recover from hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005. 50. The tragedy surrounding those two storms underline just how maladapted major population centers in the region are to today's conditions, let acme those that might hold in 2050 or 2100, experts say. "The reality is that we should be adapting " and tackling carbon-dioxide emissions at the same time, notes Roger Pielke Jr. , a science-policy specialist at the University of Colorado at Boulder.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)putforwardyouradvice(s).YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

问答题Directions: Your friend Mike is a college student, and he is wondering whether he should take a part-time job in a big IT company. Write a letter to him to offer your opinions and suggestions on the issue. You should write about 100 words on Answer sheet 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Hua" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandwriteanarticleonthechangesofpeople'sdailyexpensesinXcity.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)describethechanges,2)analysethereasonsandgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160～200wordsneatlyonAnswerSheet2.

问答题Directions: You have just received a short message from your father informing that your mother is very ill and you want to ask for one week"s leave. Write a note (便笺) to your Office Head Mr. Wang about it. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Your son kicked his ball through your neighbor's window. Write a letter to tell your neighbor 1) your regret at hearing the news, 2) your intention to compensate for the damage, 3) your apology. You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You de not need to write the address.

问答题While many people might assume that Mothers' Day is a holiday invented by the fine folks at Hallmark, it's not so. The earliest Mothers' Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece, honoring Rhea, the Mother of the Gods. The Romans called their version of the event the Hilaria, and celebrated on the Ides (古罗马历中的3月15日)of March by making offerings in the temple of Cybele, the mother of the Gods. Early Christians celebrated the festival on the fourth Sunday of Lent in honor of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of Christ. In more recent times, relatively speaking—England in the 1600s—the celebration was expanded to include all mothers with "Mothering Sunday" being celebrated on the 4th Sunday of Lent (the 40 day period leading up to Easter). 46)Besides attending church services in honor of the Virgin Mary, children returned home from the cities with gifts, flowers, and special Mothering Day cakes that were important parts of the celebration. Mothers' Day festivities in the United States date back to 1872 when Julia Ward Howe (her other claim to fame was writing the lyrics(歌词) for the "Battle Hymn of the Republic") suggested the day be dedicated to peace. Ms. Howe would hold organized Mothers' Day meetings in Boston, Massachusetts ever year. In 1907, Ana Jarvis, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania school teacher, furthered the cause by beginning a campaign to establish a national Mothers' Day. 47)Ms. Jarvis persuaded her mother's church in Grafton, West Virginia to celebrate Mothers' Day on the second anniversary of her mother's death, which happened to be on the 2nd Sunday of May that year. By the following year, Mothers' Day was also being celebrated in Philadelphia. Not content to rest on her laurels(殊荣), Ms. Jarvis and her supporters began to write to ministers, businessmen, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mothers' Day and in 1912, the Mothers' Day International Association was incorporated for the purpose of promoting the day and its observance. 48)In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson made it official by proclaiming Mothers' Day a national holiday that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May. It is somewhat ironic that after all her efforts, Ana Jarvis ended up growing bitter over what she perceived as the corruption of the holiday she created. 49)She hated the commercialization of the holiday and grew so enraged by it that she filed a lawsuit to stop a 1923 Mothers' Day festival and was even arrested for disturbing the peace at a mothers' gathering where women sold white carnations(康乃馨)—Jarvis' symbol for mothers—to raise money. Ana Jarvis' story is not a happy one. Things went from bad to worse and she eventually lost everything and everyone that was close to her and died alone in a sanatorium(疗养地) in 1948. Shortly before her death, Jarvis told a reporter she was sorry she had ever started Mothers' Day. 50)Aha may be gone. but Mothers' Day lives on, regardless of whether it meets her approval. Many countries throughout the world celebrate Mothers' Day at various times throughout the year, but some such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium also celebrate Mothers' Day on the second Sunday of May.