问答题Directions: A new drug has been developed, and you are asked to write instructions for the use of the drug, and your writing should include: (1) what the drug is used for; (2) what should be followed when the drug is used; (3) how to keep the drug. You should write about 100 words on Answer sheet 2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)advanceyouradvice(s).YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions: You have stayed with your friend Cathy in her hometown located near the coastline for a whole week. Now you are going home. Write a message to her based on the following: 1) your gratitude for her hospitality, 2) the impressiveness of her hometown, and 3) your best wishes. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Empirical and experimental philosophy has no quarrel with science, either in itself or in its application to education. On the contrary, scientific conclusions and methods are the chief ally of an empirical philosophy of education. For according to empirical philosophy, science provides the only means we have for learning about man and the world in which he lives. Some have thought that this fact makes philosophy unnecessary. They have supposed that the admission that science is supreme in the field of knowledge covers the whole ground of human experience. 46. The elimination does rule out one kind of philosophy, namely, that which held that philosophy is a higher form of knowledge than the scientific kind, one which furnishes knowledge of ultimate higher reality. But it does not follow from the elimination of this particular type of philosophy that philosophy itself must be so. It would tallow if man were simply and only a knowing being. He is also an acting being, a creature with desires, hopes, fears, purposes and habits. To the average person knowledge itself is of importance because of its bearing upon what he needs to do. It helps him in clarifying his wants, in constructing his ends and in finding means for realizing them. 47. There exist, in other words, values as well as known facts and principles, and philosophy is concerned primarily with values—with the ends for the sake of which man acts. 48. Given the most extensive and accurate system Of knowledge, man is still faced with the question of what he is going to do about it and what he is going to do with the knowledge in his possession. 49. In this matter of the connection of what is known with values, science is an ally of an empirical philosophy against absolute philosophies which pretend that fixed and eternal truths are known by means of organs and methods that are independent of science. The objection to this position is not merely theoretical. The practical objections to it are that it strengthens appeal to authority and promotes Controversies, which can't be settled by the use of the methods of inquiry and proof that have been worked out in the sciences. There is no great danger that the present-day revival in some quarters of [Greek and medieval philosophies] will make much headway as a theoretical philosophy. 50. There is always danger that such philosophies will have practical influence in reinforcing established social authority that is exercised on behalf of the maintenance of the existing social situation. Against this danger, an experimental philosophy stands in firm alliance with the methods by which the natural sciences arrive at warranted truths.

问答题A senior executive of a large consumer goods company had spotted a bold partnership opportunity in an important developing market and wanted to pull the trigger quickly to stay ahead of competitors. 1 In meetings on the topic with the leadership team, the CEO noted that this trusted colleague was animated, adamant, and very persuasive about the move"s game-changing_potential for the company, and the facts he had provided were solid. The CEO also observed something troubling, however, his colleague wasn"t listening. 2 During conversations about the pros and cons of the deal and its strategic rationale, for example, the senior executive wasn"t open to avenues of conversation that challenged the move or entertained other possibilities. What"s more, the tenor of these conversations appeared to make some colleagues uncomfortable. The senior executive"s poor listening skills were short-circuiting what should have been a healthy strategic debate. 3 Eventually, the CEO was able to use a combination of diplomacy, tactful private conversation, and the bureaucratic rigor of the company"s strategic-planning processes to convince the executive of the need to listen more closely to his peers and engage with them more productively about the proposal. The resulting conversations determined that the original deal was sound but that a much better one was available—a partnership in the same country. The new partnership presented slightly less risk to the company than the original deal but had an upside potential exceeding it by a factor of ten. The situation facing the CEO will be familiar to many senior executives. Listening is the front end of decision making. 4 It"s the surest, most efficient route to informing the judgments we need to make, yet many of us have heard, at one point or other in our careers, that we could be better listeners. Indeed, many executives take listening skills for granted and focus instead on learning how to articulate and present their own views more effectively. This approach is misguided. 5 Good listening—the active and disciplined activity of probing and challenging the information got from others to improve its quality and quantity—is the key to building a base of knowledge that generates fresh insights and ideas. Put more strongly, good listening, in my experience, can often mean the difference between success and failure in business ventures (and hence between a longer career and a shorter one). Listening is a valuable skill that most executives spend little time cultivating.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethecartoon,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout160～200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions: Write a letter to your boss Mr. Green, telling him that you"ve decided to quit the job because you are moving to another city with your family. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. {{U}}The taking of the Bastille fortress, a symbol of arbitrary royal authority, was undoubtedly of revolutionary importance, in terms of weakening the monarchy and legitimising{{/U}} {{U}}popular defiance. {{/U}}But other days have a fair claim to historic symbolism too: August 26th 1789, when the Declaration of the Rights of Man was adopted, for instance, or August 10th 1792, when the Tuileries Palace was stormed and the monarchy suspended. Besides, the commemoration of July 14th scarcely began in revolutionary spirit. At a military fete to mark its first anniversary in 1790, and to celebrate the new constitutional settlement, the Marquis de Lafayette, a French general, swore an oath "to be forever faithful to the Nation, to the Law and to the King". Dismayed, Jean-Paul Marat, a radical journalist and politician, described the proceedings that day as "shameful", adding: "The Revolution, as yet, has been merely a sorrowful dream for the people!" As Mr. Prendergast recalls, the fall of the Bastille was not quite the stuff of epic myth. Strictly speaking, the prison was not "taken"; the mob surged into its inner courtyard only after the governor, the Marquis de Launay, had offered a surrender. Although the crowd was primarily in search of arms, it found just seven prisoners to be freed. 47．{{U}}"Happenstance, paranoia and random violence" characterised the event, with rumour and counter-rumour fuelling acts of ferocious brutality. {{/U}}Launay himself was dragged out by the mob, his body ripped to shreds and his head hacked off by a cook with a kitchen knife, before being stuck on a pike for public view. Napoleon Bonaparte abolished the July 14th celebration altogether. It was not resurrected as "Bastille Day" until 1880, nearly a century after the original events. The idea then, proposed by Benjamin Raspail, a deputy, was to create a "national festival", as part of a republican package that also included adopting " La Marseillaise" as the French national anthem. Composed by Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle, a young engineer stationed with the army of the Rhine, it was written in a single night in 1792．In 1880 the deputies argued passionately about which date to pick for the " national festival ". 48． {{U}}Nobody, as Mr Prendergast points out, proposed September 22nd 1792, the actual date of the founding of the first French republic, for fear of legitimising the Terror that it unleashed.{{/U}} July 14th was thus a political compromise. It merged the revolutionary message of 1789 with that of unity and reconciliation expressed by the anniversary fete of 1790．49．{{U}}Partly to help heal the wounds of defeat in the Franco-Prussian war, Bastille Day was given a military theme which lasts to this day, and wrapped up in nationalist imagery "the union of army and nation under the flag".{{/U}} Since then, at various moments of crisis in French history, Bastille Day has been invested with differing messages, according to the needs of the time: working-class solidarity and revolutionary promise for the Front Populaire and the government of Leon Blum in 1936; liberation from occupation and the resistance-as-revolution myth in 1945．Today, it is mostly pageantry, with a lingering touch of popular festivity. 50．{{U}}But Mr Prendergast cannot conceal his scorn for what, he considers, has become "an altogether shoddier affair, progressively{{/U}} {{U}}mummified into formal ritual orchestrated by assorted dignitaries" and "media kitsch".{{/U}} For the French these days, he concludes a little too cruelly, it is perhaps above all regarded as "essentially a day off work".

问答题Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women's emancipation in Western societies. 46) Arguments in what could be called the "relational" feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of "equality in difference", or equity as distinct from equality. They contend that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women's procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. 47) By contrast, the individualist feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rights and cerebrates women's quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant responsibilities. Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. 48) Between 1890 and 1920, however, relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought and which still predominates among European and non-Western feminists, lost ground in England and the United States. Because the concept of individual rights was already well established in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition, individualist feminism came to predominate in English speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches began to seem increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender-blind system with equal rights for all. 49)Relational feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities outside the home should be available for all women, continued to emphasize women's special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers. They demanded special treatment for women, including protective legislation for women workers, state-sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework. Relational arguments have a major pitfall., because they underline women's physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. 50) But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. If the individualist framework, with its claim for women's autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge. Notes: emancipation n. 解放。equity n. 公平。procreative 生育的。celebrate vt. 颂扬。quest n. 寻求。 downplay vt. 贬低，低估。lose ground 退却，失利。maternity benefit 产妇津贴。pitfall n. 隐患。appropriate vt. 资用。adversary n. 敌手。endorse vt. 赞同。patriarchal 家长制的。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Your company is planning to hold a meeting in a hotel. Write a letter to the hotel manager to 1) book a conference room and 2) ask them to make some necessary preparations. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don't have to write the address.

问答题Society exists through a process of transmission. This transmission occurs by means of communication of habits of doing, thinking, and feeling from the older to the younger. So obvious is the necessity of teaching and learning for the continued existence of a society that we may seem to be dwelling excessively on a self-evident truth. But justification is found in the fact that such emphasis is a means of getting us away from an unduly scholastic and formal notion of education. Schools are, indeed, one important method of the transmission which forms the dispositions of the immature; but it is only one means, and, compared with other agencies, a relatively superficial means. Only as we have grasped the necessity of more fundamental and persistent modes of tuition can we make sure of placing the scholastic methods in their true context. Society not only continues to exist by transmission, by communication, but it may fairly be said to exist in transmission, in communication. All communication (and hence all genuine social life) is educative. To be a recipient of a communication is to have an enlarged and changed experience. One shares in what another has thought and felt and in so far, meagerly or amply, has his own attitude modified. Nor is the one who communicates left unaffected. Try the experiment of communicating, with fullness and accuracy, some experience to another, especially if it be somewhat complicated ,and you will find your own attitude toward your experience changing; otherwise you resort to swearwords and exclamations. The experience has to be formulated in order to be communicated. To formulate requires getting outside of it, seeing it as another would see it considering what points Of contact it has with the life of another so that it may be got into such form that he can appreciate its meaning. Except in dealing with commonplaces and catch phrases one has to assimilate, imaginatively, something of another's experience in order to tell him intelligently of one's own experience. All communication is like art. It may fairly be said, therefore, that any social arrangement that remains vitally social, or vitally shared, is educative to those who participate in it. Only when it becomes cast in a mold and runs in a routine way does it lose its educative power.

问答题(46) That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. (47)It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States: (48)while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940's, it was only after 1945—when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world—that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was the work of women. By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, "For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail." Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. (49) Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, "I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind." (50) Using mostly discarded wooden objects like broken pieces of furniture and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.

问答题Directions: Recently your best friend Linda has been offered a full scholarship from Stanford University. Write a letter to Linda to congratulate her on her excellent performance in winning this scholarship. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions: The date is January 18, 2005. You are a member of the student union of a university. Write a memorandum to the head of the student service department and ask him to have a television furnished for each dormitory. Your memorandum should be based on the following outline: 1) give reasons for your request; 2) express hope for prompt action. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the memorandum. Use "Ma He" instead.