问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explaintheintendedmeaning,giveaspecificexample,and3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytocommunicate.交流就像桥，可以变沟壑为通途

问答题The Theory of Continental Drift has had a long and turbulent history since it was first proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1910. (46) Vigorously challenged yet widely ignored, the theory had languished for half a century, primarily due to its lack of a plausible mechanism to support the proposed drift. With the discovery of sea-floor spreading in the late 1950's and early 60's, the idea was reinvigorated. Plate tectonics is now almost universally accepted. Many details of the mechanism are to be worked out. The surface of the Earth is divided into approximately six large plates, plus a number of smaller ones. The plates are' bounded by an interconnected network of ridges, transform faults, and trenches. Ridges, also called spreading centers, occur where two plates are moving away from each Other. As the plates separate, hot molten mantle material flows up to fill the void. (47) The increased heat resulting from this flow reduces the density of the plates, causing them to float higher, thus elevating the boundaries by many thousands of feet above the colder surrounding sea floor. (48) Ridges on the ocean floor form the longest continuous ranges of mountains on the planet, but. only in a very few places on the Earth do these mountains rise above the ocean surface. New sea floor is constantly being created along spreading centers. Obviously somewhere else old sea floor must be going away. This occurs in trenches, also called subduction zones. Trenches occur along the boundary between two plates that are moving towards each other. (49) Where this occurs, one plate is bent downwards at about a 400 angle and plunges under the other plate's leading edge, eventually to melt back into the liquid mantle below. As the subducting plate is heated back up to mantle temperatures, certain minerals in the plate melt sooner than others. (50) Minerals that melt at lower temperatures and are lighter than the surrounding material tend to rise, melting their way up through the overriding plate to erupt as volcanoes on the ocean floor. As these volcanoes grow, they rise above the ocean surface to form lines of islands along the leading edge of the overriding plate. Numerous islands of Micronesia and Melanesia in the western Pacific were created in this way.

问答题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Most marketing operations pay close attention to what young people are buying and thinking. Not Britain's political parties, however, for the simple reason that the under-30s are unlikely to go anywhere near a polling booth. In 1964, 11% of those aged 18 to 24 claimed not to vote, according to the British Election Study. At the general election last year that figure rose to 55%. 46. {{U}}A report this week by Reform, a think-tank, suggests that this reticence is costing them dearly. Changes in government policy, it argues, have turned being young into a terrible bore.{{/U}} 47. {{U}}There are already two powerful economic forces working against the so-called "IPOD generation" that are beyond the government's control. {{/U}}First, the ageing of the population is fast increasing the ratio of people in retirement to those of working age. So the young can look forward to handing over a rising proportion of their pay to support the oldies in their decline. Second, the cost of buying a house in places where people want to live has shot up beyond the reach of the young. In 1995 24% of all first-time homebuyers were under 25 ; today, less than 15% are, according to the Halifax, a bank. This much is uncontroversial. But the report also argues that the Labour government has made life worse for young people, in three ways. First, increased spending on health care has tended to benefit the old, who 'use the NHS more than the young. Second, tilting the tax and benefit system towards people with children has transferred money from the young to the middle-aged. Third, higher tuition fees are landing university graduates with hefty debts. 48．{{U}}And the future doesn't look much better: the government's proposed pension reforms, along with the decline of defined-benefit company-pension schemes, make grim reading for the under-30s too.{{/U}} "These changes ought to have brought about a re-examination of the burden of taxation on this age group," says Nick Bosanquet of Imperial College London, one of the authors of the report, tie reckons that, after paying various taxmen and lenders, graduates take home only around half of their salaries. The average for all salaried workers is about three-fifths. Are things really that bad? When examined in a freeze-frame, being young does not look much fun financially. But welfare states are meant to transfer resources from the vigorous to the fragile. Some benefits are merely deferred: today's 25-year-olds will have babies and hip replacements one day. 49．{{U}}And although people in their 20s and 30s tend to be heavily indebted this passes when they sink into their 40s and 50s, says Richard Disney of Nottingham University.{{/U}} Even so, the feeling that young people are being squeezed presents a political opportunity for the opposition parties. 50．{{U}}David Willetts, the Conservative shadow education secretary, said in a speech last year that the young "could be forgiven for believing that the way in which economic and social policy is now conducted is little less than a conspiracy by the middle- aged" against them_. {{/U}}The Liberal Democrat commission on tax policy worried in August about inter-generational unfairness too. There will be more of such talk. For the Tories, it offers a way to discuss reducing spending without sounding as if they are merely the mouthpiece of the wealthy. It gives Lib Dem leaders a way to argue activists out of promising to out-spend Labour. And it might even persuade some of those gloomy 25-year-olds to vote.

问答题Directions: One of your friends wants to apply for a job involving working with foreign teenagers. Write a letter: 1) recommend him/her, and describe his/her past experience, 2) explain the reasons. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use" Zhang Wei"instead. Do not write your address.

问答题Directions: Restrictions on the drunk driving have not been so successful in some regions. Write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper to give your opinions briefly and make two or three suggestions. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题1) the reasons for writing (including how you found out about the job) 2) some accounts of your qualifications 3) and the way you can be reached You should write about 100 words on Answer SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

问答题Directions: A. Title: On Tourism in Colleges B. Word limit: 160-200 words C. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below. OUTLINE: 1) Present situation. 2) Advantages for Tourism in Colleges. 3) Its drawbacks. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You have had an accident and are in hospital. Write a letter to professor Johnson explaining why you will be absent from class for the next month. Ask for advice about how to continue your studies during this period. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 13o not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题 In Plato’s Utopia, here are three classes: the common people, the soldiers, and the guardians chosen by the legislator. The main problem, as Plato perceives, is to insure that the guardians shall carry out the intention of the legislator. For this purpose the first thing he proposes is education. Education is divided into two parts, music and gymnastics. (46){{U}}Each has a wider meaning than at present: “music” means everything that is in the province of the muses, and “gymnastics” means everything concerned with physical training fitness. {{/U}}“Music” is almost as wide as what is now called “culture”, and “gymnastics” is somewhat wider than what “athletics” mean in the modern sense. Culture is to be devoted to making men gentlemen, in the sense which, largely owing to Plato, is familiar in England. The Athens of his day was, in one respect, analogous to England in the nineteenth century: (47) {{U}}there was in each an aristocracy enjoying wealth and social prestige, but having no monopoly of political power; and in each the aristocracy had to secure as much power as it could by means of impressive behavior. {{/U}}In Plato’s Utopia, however, the aristocracy rules unchecked. Gravity, decorum and courage seem to be the qualities mainly to be cultivated in education. (48){{U}}There is to be a rigid censorship from very early years over the literature to which the young have access and the music they are allowed to hear.{{/U}} Mothers and nurses are to tell their children only authorized stories. Also, there is a censorship of music. The Lydian and Ionian harmonies are to be forbidden, the first because it expresses sorrow, the second because it is relaxed. (49){{U}}Only the Dorian (for courage) and the Phrygian (for temperance) are to be allowed, and permissible rhythms must be simple, and such as are expressive of a courageous and harmonious life.{{/U}} As for gymnastics, the training of the body is to be very austere. No one is to eat fish, or meat cooked otherwise than roasted, and there must be no sauces or candies. People brought up on his regimen, he says, will have no need of doctors. Gymnastics applies to the training of mind as well. Up to a certain age, the young are to see no ugliness or vice. (50){{U}}But at a suitable moment, they must be exposed to “enchantments”, both in the shape of terrors that must not terrify, and of bad pleasures that must not seduce the will. {{/U}}Only after they have withstood these tests will they be judged fit to be guardians.

问答题Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80～100 English words. 博物馆免费开放：亟待公众热情参与 全国各地免费开放的博物馆、遗址公园等文化遗产，已成为众多中小学生的文化盛宴。这一公共政策的实施，无疑使这些青少年成为文化场所免费开放的真正受益者。 2008年3月，党中央、国务院高屋建瓴、审时度势推出了博物馆免费开放的决策。尽管在全球经济危机的背景下面临一些考验，但是，政府买单让百姓共享文化成果的做法得到了公众的拥护，对于核心价值体系的构建起到积极的推动作用。 今年，国际博物馆协会将国际博物馆日的主题定为“博物馆与旅游”，旨在探讨全球博物馆等文化遗产资源如何在刺激消费、促进旅游、拉动经济中发挥作用。事实上，我国博物馆免费开放时代的来临，不仅保障了公众的文化权益，而且还推动了经济的增长。例如，近年来，杭州西湖的博物馆、遗址、公共没施等遗产群的免费开放，不仅增加了人流，而且还带动了旅游等相关收入的增长。博物馆免费开放是还利于民的好政策，是我国文化场所免费开放政策的纵深和延续。当然，博物馆免费开放是一新鲜事物，目前还有待于进一步完善，免费开放实践与理想的政策目标之间也还存在一段距离。 可以这么说，没有参与，公众就不会持续地关注博物馆的藏品，没有互动，公众不会持续地参与到博物馆建设中来。没有公众的关注和参与，博物馆也将失去其作为城市文明殿堂的意义。 免费开放是以公众参与作为公共政策选择的出发点，目的就是调动公众参与的积极性，从而提高博物馆等公共文化资源的使用率。如果说，“博物馆是城市的客厅”是一种理想，那么，免费开放址这个理想成为现实。当公众能够自由进出博物馆，把博物馆当作自己的博物馆，当作生活中不可缺少的部分，当作向外地客人展示城市魅力的地方，我们的博物馆就将成为所有市民引以为自豪的城市客厅。因此，博物馆管理者应该积极地创造让城市主人充分使用客厅的条件，及时地更新客厅的装饰和内容．提供更为优质的服务。 失去门票利益驱动的博物馆是否愿意经常地装扮客厅，这是值得思考的问题。一些博物馆的管理者认为，免费开放并没有带来参观人数的明显增加，因此在拉动旅游发展中起到的作用微乎其微。问题恰恰是，作为文化资源的管理者，博物馆没有很好地为公众服务，没有从公众的角度出发，自然遭到公众的冷落。 一些博物馆管理者总是强调免费开放带来的利益受损，而没有看到免费开放带来的发展机遇。当越来越多的企业选择在人民大会堂以及地方政府会议中心等重要场所屣示企业形象的时候，博物馆是否可以从中得到启发? 博物馆作为城市的精神家园，给予公众的不仅是精神上的愉悦和满足，更多的是一种心灵上的归属感。过去，博物馆展览没有很好地考虑到公众的心理和审美诉求，如今，公众的参与和对展览经费使用情况的监督将促使博物馆管理层认真、全面地考虑公众在审美、知识、历史、文化方面的诉求，否则将承受公众和新闻媒体的舆论压力。过去，博物馆把公众当作知识教育的对象，没有作为平等的主体进行交流。如今，一些博物馆经常举办一些专题性的文化论坛和讲座，旨在提高公众解读博物馆藏品资源的能力以及对话能力。类似博物馆QQ群、网上论坛的建设，可以在志愿者和义工的参与下，与公众形成良好的互动，从而让公众在展览内容和形式这块“地盘”上做主。 作为公共文化事业．博物馆的管理和经营需要公众的参与，每一个公众的劳动应该受到尊重。让公众在博物馆这一舞台上展示自我，让公众参与到城市发展和文化建设中来，或许可以成为免费开放后博物馆绝处逢生甚至发展壮大的良方。 我们强调博物馆是城市的名片，不只是说博物馆建筑是城市的标志，而是说把博物馆当作展示城市文化的窗口。那么，如何发掘城市历史文化资源，从而吸引更多的外地游客，成为地方政府决策者思考的问题。近年来，各地政府在发展旅游过程中逐步重视发展和扶持文化创意产业，也开始强调对城市文化遗产资源的开发和利用。占有一个城市主要文化遗产资源的博物馆，自然也应该在文化创意产业和旅游产业的发展中起到主导的作用。 一直以来，博物馆很重视纪念品的开发和利用，并把那些吸收地域特色文化凶素的纪念品作为宣传博物馆、宣传一个城市的流动名片。“把博物馆带回家”是博物馆纪念品开发的理念，也是博物馆经营和管理的口号。除了纪念品外，博物馆还可以独立和采取合作的方式组建歌舞团等文艺演出团体。并结合馆藏文物历史、文化、审美的内涵，创作相应的音乐，编排相应的舞蹈，也可以像良渚博物院一样拍摄以文物考古为题材的影视作品．更可以结合建筑群的特点、内部构造开发一些寓教于乐、类似《帝国时代》的网络游戏和动漫作品。博物馆要善于依托其馆藏文化资源进行文化创意产品的开发和营销，这样才能使外地游客在参观博物馆的过程中有所收获。 总之，把博物馆比喻为城市的客厅、城市的家园和城市的名片，是免费开放时代博物馆功能的一种阐释。能否真正发挥作用，关键在于公众的参与，在于建立和完善博物馆公众参与的机制，并在制度上给予充分的保障。

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Ling" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)