问答题Marxist literary criticism, psychoanalytic criticism, deconstruction and feminist criticism are some of the popular approaches that Chinese students take in the study of literature. Try to explain any one of the four approaches to literature.

问答题What are the three metafunctions of Systemic Functional Grammar? Illustrate each of them with specific examples. (武汉大学2011年研)

问答题Translate the following English passage into Chinese. The economist Alan Krueger, author of a new book called "What Makes a Terrorist?" explores this phenomenon with a systematic study of the evidence. He concludes that terrorists, political extremists and those who commit hate crimes are often relatively well-to-do. This is a difficult thing to prove, not least because each of those categories is controversial and there is a world of difference between, say, Northern Ireland and Sri Lanka. Krueger dips into different sources of data, each one imperfect, trying to build up a compelling picture from opinion polls, biographies of terrorists and broader studies. Opinion polls from Gaza and the West Bank, conducted last week show that students and professionals are more likely than the unemployed or laborers to say that terrorism can be justified, and more likely to deny that a suicide bombing in a Tel Aviv night club should be described as "a terrorist act". When a graduate student at Princeton, the young economist Claude Berrebi gathered data on more than 40 Palestinian suicide bombers; he concluded that they were far better educated than the typical Palestinian, and also richer. Krueger offers a complementary picture using biographies of 129 fighters killed in action, although not necessarily while attempting a terrorist attack. They, too, were somewhat better educated and less likely to be poor than the typical young Lebanese man of the time. All in all, the research that Krueger gathers together suggests that if there is a link between poverty, education and terrorism, it is the opposite of the one popularly assumed. We should not be surprised to find that terrorists can add up, read, and even write prescriptions.

问答题To what period does each of the following extracts, poetical or prose, belong? If possible, name the author of each.(8 points)a)To be, or not to be—that is the question; Whether "tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles. And by opposing end them. To die-to sleep No more: and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to. Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish" d. To die-to sleep. To sleep—perchance to dream: ay, there" s the rub!

问答题Briefly review the contributions that Washington Irving made to the history of American literature.

问答题What is characteristic of TG grammar?

问答题What is the cognitive interpretation of image schema? (北航2010研)

问答题Briefly comment on "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" by William Wordsworth.

问答题一些小报极力迎合一部分读者的低级趣味以便赚钱。

问答题Please read the following passage and translate it into English. 书本究竟能够给我们什么，几乎没有人探究过这个问题。在我们读书的时候，最常见的情况是，我们思想不明确，目标不一致。逢小说便要求其真实，逢诗歌又指望它虚幻。认为传记必会吹捧，而史书一定附会我们自己的偏见。如果我们在读书时能够摒弃这些成见，那就会是阅读的良好起点。不要对作者发号施令，而应该试着去设身处地替他设想，与他合作，同他共谋。如果你一开始便却步矜持，有所保留，动辄挑剔，那么书中可能蕴含的精义，便无法充分领悟了。而如果敞开心胸，虚怀若谷，透过开篇迂回曲折的字里行间，领悟到那细腻微妙、几乎难以觉察到的迹象与暗示，那一与众不同的人便呈现在我们眼前了。

问答题Eskimos have many different words for different types of snow, Aborigines for different types of sand, and in Arabic one must choose from a whole range of words which are subsumed under the Western category CAMEL. Can you explain these phenomena with your linguistic knowledge?（北航2008研)

问答题The contrast between empiricism and rationalism runs through the history of linguistic thought in various manifestations. Rationalism allows for rational thought to process ideas. Empiricism says that only the data is relevant to ideas. Discuss and provide your argument for and against each of these presuppositions.

问答题There are miserable days when you feel lousy, grumpy, lonely, and utterly exhausted.

问答题Innateness hypothesis

问答题b)The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.

问答题Use the underlined sentences in the following dialogue as examples to explain the functions of language.(10 points) Tom: I"ve got an extra ticket for the opera on Saturday. Do you know anyone who might like to go? Mary: Not offhand. But I"ll ask around. Tom; Well, thanks. Mary; Hey, come to think of it, I"m free! I"d love to go. Tom; Great! Do you mind driving? Mary; Not at all. Pick you up at seven?

问答题Comment on the artistic features of the poem In a Station of the Metro by Ezra Pound.

问答题What is your opinion on "true synonymy is non-existent"? (四川大学2006研)

问答题Explain and distinguish between linguistic competence and communicative competence.(15 points)

问答题What are affective factors? In what ways do affective factors facilitate or constrain language acquisition?(20 points)