填空题Teachers need to be aware of the emotional

填空题[A] Knight acknowledges the challenge. "We have to be beautiful as well as big. It"s no mean feat," says Scott Bedbury, former global ad chief for Nike. "The worst ease scenario would be to become Microsoft," says Kevin Keller, a marketing professor at Duke. Best ease: be like Coea-Cola. "They"re everywhere, but no one seems to resent them for it. " [B] One answer is to play down the Swoosh, and some Nike watchers say it will do just that. Nike is marketing new products, including its ACG (All Condition Gear) line for hiking and outdoor styles. [C] Last week was particularly glum at Nike"s headquarters in suburban Portland. Managers had warned of layoffs but hadn"t revealed any names. On Wednesday, 250 employees were told to pack up their desks, while stunned colleagues looked on. [D] Phil Knight doesn"t speak in public very often. And when you hear from him these days, he doesn"t sound happy. Talking to Wall Street analysts from his Oregon headquarters last week, the founder and head of Nike Inc. didn"t mince words: "This is a dark day around these halls. " [E] Yet Nike is now facing a marketing conundrum: can you be big and cool? When Teenage Research Unlimited did its latest survey, 40 percent of kids named Nike as one of the " coolest" brands, down from 52 percent just six months ago. Kim Hostetler of Paper, a New York magazine, says that the coolest things around now are brilliantly colored suede sneakers by New Balance. Even Adidas, torpedoed by Nike and Reebok in the [980s, is staging a comeback. [F] Knight"s problems would worry any CEO: a stock price that has slid to the bottom from the top, a plunge in profits and warehouses lull of shoes that aren"t selling. But most critical is a price war that has sliced U. S. sales and is a sign that Nike"s lock as the champion of "cool" may be weakening. Although Nike prides itself on technical innovation, losing its cool would be tantamount to losing the game. [G] At most corporate offices, that scene, though painful, wouldn"t be cataclysmic, but for Knight and his employees, even a setback bears the agony of defeat. Nike rose about as high and fast in the 1990s as any company can. It took on a new religion of brand consciousness and broke advertising sound barriers with its indelible Swoosh, "Just Do It" slogan and deified sports figures. Nike managed the deftest of marketing tricks: to be both anti-establishment and mass market, to the tune of $ 2 billion in sales last year. Order: [D]→41. ______ →42. ______ →43. ______ →44. ______→45. ______→[B]

填空题Universities the world over love symbols from medieval scholastic garb at degree ceremonies to the owls and scrolls of scholastic badge. But for many universities, especially in Britain and elsewhere in Europe, a more accurate emblem would include slummy buildings, dog eared books and demoralized dons. That's why Britain's government is next week risking defeat in the House of Commons to bring more private money into the country's universities'--and why European and developing countries now busy expanding higher education need to think hard about how much government involvement is good for universities. 41)__________. America's flourishing universities exemplify the former Europe's the latter. Britain's government wants to move towards the American modal. The subject of next week' s rebellion is a bill that would allow English universities Scotland and Wales are different to charge up to 3000 pounds (5460 dollars) in tuition fees instead of the current flat rate 1125. Students will borrow the money through a state run loan scheme and pay it back once they are earning enough. 42)__________. But it reflects an important shift in thinking. First that the new money universities need should come from graduates rather than the general taxpayer. Second and most crucially it abandons the egalitarian assumption that all universities are equally deserving. That is commendable just because a course is cheap does not mean it is worthless and the existence of costly ones is not in itself a sign of iniquitous social division. Yet old thinking has deep roots. Bandying phrases such as "excellence for all" and "education for the many not the few", politicians, especially left wing ones, want to dap the university educated label on ever more people regardless of merit cost or practicality. 43)__________. It humiliates the talented but disadvantaged whose success is then devalued and it infuriates the talented who are not deemed underprivileged enough and who feel their merits ignored and it makes universities do a job they are bound to be bad at. Public funding is addictive and the withdrawal symptoms are painful.44)__________. Inflated tuition fees are a big worry and alumni preference looks unfair. But overall America's system looks sustainable in a way that the Old World's does not. In short the model to strive for is varied institutions charging varied fees. Not all courses need last three years or bring a full honors degree.45)__________. It is better to do some things well rather than everything indifferently. It is because politicians have forgotten that some of the world's oldest universities risk a future that is a lot less glorious than their past.A. Some will be longer and deeper; others shorter and shallower. Some universities may specialize as teaching only institutions like America' s liberal arts colleges. Others may want to concentrate mainly on research. All must have the right to select their intake.B. Universities can indeed give the disadvantaged a leg up—but they will do it much better if the state stands hack. Micromanaging university admissions as the British government has been trying to do on grounds of class with targets quotas fines and strictures risks the same consequences as similar American experiments based on racial preference.C. Alison Wolf a British economist terms this the "two aspirin good five aspirin better" approach to university finance. It is deeply flawed. In reality, there is no proven connection between spending on universities and prosperity, nor can there be.D. But as British dons and politicians straggle with these issues and their European counterparts ponder whether one day they might just have to do something similar, the message for emerging economies like China and India who are investing heavily in their own systems of higher education is clear—avoid a nationalized and uniform system and go for one that is diverse and independent America's universities have their problems.E. It is a very limited start faced with sweeteners for students from poor backgrounds. The best universities worry that the maximum fee should be many times higher.F. Indeed, faced with aging populations Britain and most European countries arguably should be encouraging their young people to start earning earlier in their lives rather than later.G. There are broadly two models for running universities. They can be autonomous institutions mainly dependent on private income such as fees, donations and investments or they can be state financed and as a result, state run.

填空题[A]Ifthekrillcanfeedsuchhugecreaturesaswhales,theymustcertainlybecontendersasfoodforhumans.Actually,theyarenotmerelyfoodforpeople.Inhumanstudies,KrillOilsupplementationdemonstratesanti-agingcharacteristicsandanti-wrinklefightingpower,supportshealthyjoints,theheart,lipidandbloodsugarlevels,energyproduction,athleticperformanceandliverfunction,andeaseswomen"sPMSsymptoms.[B]Nooneyethasseriouslysuggestedthat"planktonburgers"maysoonbecomepopulararoundtheworld.Asapossiblefarmedsupplementaryfoodsource,however,planktonisgainingconsiderableinterestamongmarinescientist.[C]Despiteitsenormousfoodpotential,littleeffortwasmadeuntilrecentlytofarmplanktonwefarmgrassesonland.Now,marinescientistshaveatlastbeguntostudythispossibility,especiallyasthesea"sresourcesloomevenmoreimportantasameansoffeedinganexpandingworldpopulation.[D]Krillswimaboutjustbelowthesurfaceinhugeschoolssometimesmileswide,mainlyinthecoldAntarctic.Thiscreatureisveryhighinfoodvalue.Eachkrillconsistsofabout15%highqualityproteincontainingvitalaminoacidsandabout3%fatandvitamins.Italsosuppliesmineralssuchasiron,phosphorus,andcalcium.Apondofthesecrustaceanscontainsabout460calories—aboutthesameasshrimporlobster,towhichtheyarerelated.[E]ThenameofplanktonisderivedfromtheGreekword("planktos"),meaning"wanderer"or"drifter".Planktonhasbeendescribedastheequivalentofthegrassesthatgrowonthedrylandcontinents,andthecomparisonisanappropriateone.Inpotentialfoodvalue,however,planktonfaroutweighsthatofthelandgrasses.Onescientisthasestimatedthatwhilegrassesoftheworldproduceabout49billiontonsofvaluablecarbohydrateseachyear,thesea"splanktongeneratesmorethantwiceasmuch.[F]Onetypeofplanktonthatseemstohavegreatharvestpossibilitiesisatinyshrimplikecreaturecalledkrill.ThenamecomesfromaNorwegiantermmeaning"smallfry",andspecificallyreferstoaspeciesofpelagicmarineplanktoniccrustaceans.Growingtotwoorthreeincheslong,krillprovidethemajorfoodforthegiantbluewhale,thelargestanimalevertoinhabittheearth.Realizingthatthiswhalemaygrowto100feetandweigh150tonsatmaturity,itisnotsurprisingthateachonedevoursmorethanonetonofkrilldaily.[G]Inviewofthedistributionofthekrill,farmingiscertainlydifficult,butthe2008fishingseasonofkrillintheAntarcticOceanstartedinFebruary/March.TherehasbeenspeculationthattheharvestingofkrillintheAntarcticisdecreasingthepopulationtooquicklyduetoglobalwarming.However,thecurrentquotaforkrillharvestingsetdownbytheindustryhasnotbeenreached.ThedangertotheecosystemoftheAntarcticregionisthereforenotbeingharmedbythecurrentamountofkrilltakenfromtheocean.[H]Scatteredthroughtheseasoftheworldarebillionsoftonsofsmallplantsandanimalscalledplankton,Mostoftheseplantsandanimalsaretoosmallforthehumaneyetosee.Whilesomeformsofplanktonarecapableofindependentmovementandcanswimuptoseveralhundredsofmetersverticallyinasingleday(abehaviorcalleddielverticalmigration),theirhorizontalpositionisprimarilydeterminedbycurrentsinthebodyofwatertheyinhabit.Theydriftaboutlazilywiththecurrents,providingabasicfoodformanylargeranimals.Order:

填空题A. The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens"s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine . From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle , earned him a modest reputation. B. The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers , as it is generally known today, secured Dickens"s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure. C. Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour"s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837. D. Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society. E. Soon after his father"s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get on even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter"s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or add, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines. F. Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England"s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy pay office—a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens"s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens"s birth, his mother"s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family"s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren"s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polishing factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentle-man." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father"s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens"s greatest wound and became his deep secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the acknowledged foundation of his fiction. G. After Pickwick , Dickens plunged into a bleaker wortd. In Oliver Twist , he traces an orphan"s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby , his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick . The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters. D→ 11 → 12 → 13 → 14 →B→ 15

填空题[A]Assumedinhospitablenesstosocialdevelopment[B]Pricepaidformisconceptions[C]Evolutionaryadaptationtoforestecology[D]Falsebeliefsrevised[E]Extremeimpoverishmentandbackwardness[F]Ignoranceofearlyhumanimpact[G]PopularviewonresidentsIn1942AlanRHolmberg,adoctoralstudentinanthropologyfromYaleUniversity,USA,ventureddeepintothejungleofBolivianAmazoniaandsearchedoutanisolatedbandofSirionoIndians.Theresearcherdescribedtheprimitivesocietyasadesperatestruggleforsurvival,aviewofAmazoniabeingfundamentallyreconsideredtoday.TheSiriono,Hohnbergwrote,leda"strikinglybackward"existence.Theirvillageswerelittlemorethanclustersofhuts.Lifeitselfwasaperpetualandpunishingsearchforfood:somefamiliesgrewmaniocandotherstarchycropsinsmallgardenplotsclearedfromtheforest,whileothermembersofthetribescouredthecountryforsmallgameandpromisingfishholes.Whenlocalresourcesbecamedepleted,thetribemovedon.Asfortechnology,Holmbergnoted,theSiriuno"maybeclassifiedamongthemosthandicappedpeoplesoftheworld".Otherthanbows,arrowsandcrudediggingsticks,theonlytoolstheSirionoseemedtopossesswere"twomachetesworntothesizeofpocket-knives".AlthoughthelivesoftheSirionohavechangedintheinterveningdecades,theimageofthemasStoneAgerelicshasendured.Tocasualobservers,aswellastoinfluentialnaturalscientistsandregionalplanners,theluxuriantforestsofAmazoniaseemageless,unconquerable,ahabitattotallyhostiletohumancivilization.TheapparentsimplicityofIndianwaysoflifehasbeenjudgedanevolutionaryadaptationtoforestecology,,livingproofthatAmazoniacouldnot--andcan"tsustainamorecomplexsociety.Archaeologicaltracesoffarmoreelaboralecullureshavebeendismissedastheruinsofinvadersfromoutsidetheregion,abandonedlodecayintheuncompromisingtropicalenvironment.ThepopularconceptionofAmazoniaanditsnativeresidentswouldbeenormouslyconsequentialifitweretrue.ButthehumanhistoryofAmazoniainthepast11000yearsbetraysthatviewasmyth.Evidencegatheredinrecentyearsfiomanthropologyandarchaeologyindicatedthattheregionhassupportedaseriesoflocal/indigenousculturesforeleventhousandyears;anextensivenetworkofcomplexsocieties—somewithpopulationsperhapsaslargeas10000—thrivedthereformorethan1,000yearsbeforethearrivalEuropeans.Farfrombeingevolutionarilyretarded,prehistoricAmazonianpeopledeelopedtechnologiesandculturesthatwereadvancedfortheirtime.IfthelivesofIndianstodayseem"primitive",theappearanceisnottheresultofsomeenvironmentaladaptationorecologicalbarrier;ratheritisacomparativelyrecentadaptationtocenturiesofeconomicandpoliticalpressure.TheevidenceforarevisedviewofAmazoniawilltakemanypeoplebysurprise.Ecologistshaveassumedthattropicalecosystemswereshapedentirelybynaturalforcesandtheyhavefocusedtheirresearchonhabitatstheybelievehaveescapedhumaninfluence.ButastheUniversityofFloridaeeologist,PeterFeinsinger,hasnoted,anapproachthatleavespeopleoutoftheequationisnolongersensible.ThearchaeologicalevidenceshowsthatthenaturalhistoryofAmazoniaistoasurprisingextenttiedtotheactivitiesofitsprehistoricinhabitants.Therealizationcomesnonetoosoon.InJune1992politicalandenvironmentalleadersfromacrosstheworldmetinRiodeJaneirotodiscusshowdevelopingcountriescanadvancetheireconomieswithoutdestroyingtheirnaturalresources.ThechallengeisespeciallydifficultinAmazonia.Becausethetropicalforesthasbeendepictedasecologicallyunfitforlarge-scalehumanoccupation,someenvironmentalistshaveopposeddevelopmentofanykind.Ironically,onemajorcasualtyofthatextremepositionhasbeentheenvironmentitself.Whilepolicymakersstruggletodefineandimplementappropriatelegislation,developmentofthemostdestructivekindhascontinuedonalargescaleovervastareas.Theothermajorcasualtyofthe"naturalism"ofenvironmentalscientistshasbeentheindigenousAmazonians,whosehabitsofhunting,fishing,andslash-and-burncultivationoftenhavebeenrepresentedasharmfultothehabitat.Intheclashbetweenenvironmentalistsanddevelopers,theIndianshavesufferedthemost.Thenewunderstandingofthepre-historyofAinazonia,however,pointstowardamiddleground.Archaeologymakesclearthatwithjudiciousmanagementselectedpartsoftheregioncouldsupportmorepeoplethananyonethoughtbefore.Thelong-buriedpast,itseems,offerhopeforthetuture.

填空题Certain activist lawyers have grabbed headlines recently in their campaign to grant legal rights, first, to chimpanzees and then to other animals. (1) . Proponents of animal rights build their case with these arguments: (1) certain animals share qualities of consciousness that have heretofore been seen as uniquely human; (2) animals are: brutalized in research; (3) research with animals has been made obsolete by computers and other technologies. (2) . Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, there is no substitute for animal research to understand biological processes that affect a living organism. Think of it this way: Why use costly animals if equally useful non-animal research tools were available? (3) . With every medical breakthrough of the past century the direct result of animal-based research, such research is not only ethical, but is our obligation. (4) . Philosopher Peter Singer first made the argument that some animals ought to count as "persons", whereas mentally defective humans should not and that the lives of healthy animals ought to be weighed equally with human beings. Singer says parents of a newborn with Down's syndrome would be justified in ending her life to make room in their lives for a baby with normal intelligence. Recall, though, that Nazi Germany used the same kind of personhood criterion to justify killing the physically and mentally handicapped. (5) . Animals are not little persons: The necessity of distinguishing between a person and animal strikes at the heart of the dilemma faced by a scientist who is very fond of animals, yet who uses them in research. I have come to realize the obvious: We decide what animals are to be in relation to us. I adore my cat, Buster, but I also used members of his species in my research for years. A. They believe that these animals deserve legal protection, including an end to their use as subjects of medical research. As a research scientist who for 40 years has used animals in sleep studies, I am deeply concerned. B. We have a great obligation to the animals under our control: We have a moral responsibility to care for animals and should not treat them cruelly. And we scientists are obligated to perform critical experiments as skillfully and humanely as possible. C. All human beings are persons: This is obvious to most—but not to some in the animal rights movement. D. While perhaps superficially credible, these assertions are simplistic and, in my view, simply wrong. First, limited similarities of consciousness are not sufficient grounds to make the important leap of granting legal personhood to animals. Secondly, scientists have every reason to treat animals humanely because good science depends on healthy animals. E. Our first obligation is to our fellow humans: As a biologist, I say that the most powerful imperative for the use of animals in research is that of survival, of protecting kin and, by extension, other persons from conquerable disease and untimely death. Viewed this way, scientists' work seems no different from a mother eagle's dismembering prey to feed her babies. F. Granting "personhood" to animal species deemed to share qualities with us, such as cognition, autonomy and self-awareness, is not a benign campaign to protect animals. It is an effort to use the legal system as a tool to enforce a flawed ethic concerning the relationship between humanity and the animal world. G. We would be foolish, at best, to ignore the realities of Nature and the power of natural impulses for survival.

填空题41. Two types of stress: There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings--physical and mental. 42. Effects of stress--physical or emotional: Whether physical or emotional in origin, stress causes the body to react in the same way. 43. Guilty--useful, though most harmful: Probably the most harmful of all the stresses is guilt. 44. Instances no need to feel guilty: However, many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need. No one is perfect: Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate, but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize, as simple as it sounds, that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to every one they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten, not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically. 45. Life with a little stress--significant: A life without stress, such as retirement with nothing to do, would be boring. [A] Fat adults should no longer feel guilty about leaving a little food on the plate, a successful businessman need not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation, nor should he feel guilty that he can combine a business trip to the West Coast with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can sour all of life and make life not worth living; it can also cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life"s successes to be bittersweet, at best. [B] Stress from physical activity, if not carried too far, is actually beneficial. Exercise relaxes you and may help forget about mental and emotional stress. But mental stress is almost always bad for you. If mental stress is unrelieved, it can actually cause diseases such as ulcers, migraine headaches, heart problems, or mental illness. [C] Just as we need a little guilt--to keep us correct and a little worry--to make us plan ahead--we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But when stress begins to bother you, you might as well change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some physical activity; you may discover a solution you have overlooked before. [D] Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. [E] Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities, others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. [F] In the first stage, your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase, and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases, and the rate of perspiration speeds up, while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage, your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However, if stress continues, the body cannot repair itself, and the final stage, exhaustion, then begins. If this stage continues, if for example you are frustrated by your work and continue to be frustrated for a long time, physical or emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are always the same, whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run, a first date, buying a house, or narrowly missing an automobile accident. [G] This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us to realize that we have, in fact, committed some error, violated our own rules or social rules. If we did not feel guilty, we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure-- we"d never obey the law, work, exercise, or even study in school, unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person"s conscience develops, guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A - G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on AN- SWER SHEET 1. Among the celebrated pantheon of Holly wood royalty, few are as well-respected and universally adored as Gregory Peck. For more than fifty years, he has been a major presence in the theater, on television, and most importantly, on the big screen. (41) ______ As General MacArthur, Melville's Captain Ahab, and Atticus Finch, he has presented audiences with compelling stories of strength and masculinity. Eldred Gregory Peck was born on April 5, 1916 in La Jolla, California. By the time he was six, his parents had divorced. For a number of years he lived with his maternal grandmother, but at the age of ten was' sent to St. John' s Military Academy in Los Angeles. The four years he spent there were important in forming his sense of personal discipline. After the Academy, he returned to live with his father, a local pharmacist, and to attend public high school. (42)______. There, his abilities were almost immediately recognized. In 1942, Peck made his debut on Broadway with The Morning Star. Though many of his early plays were doomed to short runs, it seemed clear that Peck was destined for something bigger. In 1944 that "something bigger" arrived in the form of his first twoHollywood roles, as Vladimir in Days of Glory and Father Francis Chisholm in The Keys of the Kingdom. (43)______. This early success provided him the rare opportunity of working with the best directors in Hollywood. Over the next three years he appeared in Alfred Hitchcock' s Spellbound (1945), King Vidor' s Duel in the Sun (1946), and Etia Kazan's Gentleman's Agreement (1947). Despite concerns over public acceptance of the last one, a meditation on American anti-Semitism, it surprised many by winning an Oscar for Best Picture and a nomination for Best Actor. This success seemed not only a validation of Peck's abilities as an artist but of his moral convictions as well. (44)______. Tough and caring, he was the quintessential mid- century American man—the good-looking romantic lead across from Audrey Hepburn as well as the rugged World War 1I bomber commander. For many, the actor and the characters he portrayed were inseparable; the authority of his passionate yet firm demeanor was attractive to post-war Americans who longed for a more stable time. (45)______. While continuing to act on television and in Hollywood throughout the 19805 and 19905, Peck has focused much of his energy on spending time with his wife, children, and grandchildren. For Peck, life as a father and as a public figure have been inseparable; he was simultaneously a major voice against the Vietnam war, while remaining a patriotic supporter of bis son who was fighting there. If years of breathing life into characters such as Captain Keith Mallory and General MacArthur taught him anything, it was that life during wartime was profoundly complex; and rarely bas there been a time free from war or struggle. In his more than fifty films, Peck has continually attempted to investigate these complex struggles, and in doing so has created a library of stories that shed light on human possibility and social reality.[A] Though an amiable and fun-loving man at home, Peck' s stern presence made him one of the screen' s great patriarchs.[B] For many, Peck is a symbol of the American man at his best—a pillar of moral courage and a constant defender of traditional values.[C] During the 19605 and 19705, Peck continued to challenge himself as an actor, appearing in thrillers, war films, westerns and in bis best known film, To Kill A Mockingbird (1962). Based on the book by Harper Lee, To Kill A Mockingbird addresses problems of racism and noral justice in personal and powerful ways. As Atticns Finch, a lawyer in a small Southern town, Peck created a character that remains a great example of an individual' s struggle for humanity within deeply inhumane conditions. It seems clear however, that the reason for Peck's constant assertion that To Kill A Mockingbird is his best ( and favorite) fihn, was the film' s attention to the lives of children and the importance of family.[D] Gregory Peck passed away on June 12th, 2003, at the age of 87.[E] While Days of Glory was coolly received, his role as the taciturn Scottish missionary in The Keys of the Kingdom was a resounding triumph and brought him his first Os- car nomination for Best Actor.[F] After graduating, Peck enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. Greatly influenced by his father's desires for him to be a doctor, Peck began as a premed student. By the time he was a senior, however, he found his real interests to be in writing and acting. Peek soon realized that he had a natural gift as both an expressive actor and a storyteller. After graduating in 1939, he changed his name from E1dred to Gregory and moved to New York.[G] At 85, Peck turned his attention back to where he got his start, the stage. He traveled the country visiting small play houses and colleges, speaking about his life and experiences as a father, a celebrity, and as an actor.

填空题 In brand-new offices with a still-empty game room and enough space to triple their staff of nearly 30, a trio of entrepreneurs is leading an Internet start-up with an improbable mission: to out-Google Google. The three started Powerset, a company whose aim is to deliver better answers than any other search engine—including Google—by letting users type questions in plain English. And they have made believers of Silicon Valley investors whose fortunes turn on identifying the next big thing. Powerset is hardly alone.{{U}} (41) {{/U}}. And Wikia Inc, a company started by a founder of Wikipedia, plans to develop a search engine that. like the popular Web-based encyclopedia, would be built by a community of programmers and users.{{U}} (42) {{/U}}. It also shows how much the new Internet economy resembles a planetary system where everything and everyone orbits around search in general, and around Google in particular. Silicon Valley is filled with start-ups whose main business proposition is to be bought by Google, or for that matter by Yahoo or Microsoft. Countless other start-ups rely on Google as their primary driver of traffic or on Google's powerful advertising system as their primary source of income. Virtually all new companies compote with Google for scarce engineering talent.{{U}} (43) {{/U}} "There is way too much obsession with search, as if it were the end of the world." said Esther Dyson, a well-known technology investor and forecaster. "Google equals money equals search equals search advertising; it all gets combined as if this is the last great business model." It may not be the last great business model, but Google has proved that search linked to ,advertising is a very large and lucrative business, and everyone—including Ms. Dyson, who invested a small sum in Powerset—seems to want a piece of it. Since the beginning of 2004, venture capitalists have put nearly $350 million into no fewer than 79 start-ups that had something to do with Internet search, according to the National Venture Capital Association, an industry group. {{U}} (44) {{/U}}Since Google's stated mission is to organize all of the world's information, they may still find themselves in the search giant's cross hairs. That is not necessarily bad, as being acquired by Google could be a financial bonanza for some of these entrepreneurs and investors. {{U}} (45) {{/U}}. Powerset recently received $12.5 million in financing. Hakia, which like Powerset is trying to create a "natural language" search engine, got $16 million. Another $16 million went to Snap, which has focused on presenting search results in a more compelling way and is experimenting with a new advertising model. And ChaCha. which uses paid researchers that act as virtual reference librarians to provide answers to users' queries. got $6.1 million. Still, recent history suggests that gaining traction is going to be difficult. Of dozens of search start-ups that were introduced in recent years, none had more than a 1 percent share of the United States search market in November. according to Nielsen NetRatings, a research firm that measures Internet traffic.[A] Powerset could possibly steal a lead if it improves search results by a significant measure with natural language and simultaneously incorporates a near-equivalent to Google's existing capabilities.[B] Even as Google continues to outmaneuver its main search rivals, Yahoo and Microsoft, plenty of newcomers—with names like hakia, ChaCha and Snap--are trying to beat the company at its own game.[C] These ambitious quests reflect the renewed optimism sweeping technology centers like Silicon Valley and fueling a nascent Internet boom.[D] But in the current boom, there is money even for those with the audacious goal of becoming a better GooSe.[E] And divining Google's next move has become a fixation for scores of technology blogs and a favorite parlor game among technology investors.[F] An overwhelming majority are not trying to take Google head on, but rather are focusing on specialized slices of the search world, like searching for videos, blog postings or medical information.[G] The venture capitalists made the investment based on an assumption that Powerset would complete the licensing deal,

填空题Back in 1979, a fat, unhealthy property developer, Mel Zuckerman, and his exercise-fanatic wife, Enid, opened Canyon Ranch, "America's first total vacation/fitness resort", on an old dude ranch in Tucson, Arizona. At the time, their outdoorsy, new age-ish venture seemed highly eccentric. Today Canyon Ranch is arguably the premium health-spa brand of choice for the super-rich. It is growing fast and now operates in several places, including the Queen Mary 2. (41) . "There is a new market category called wellness lifestyle, and in a whole range of industries, if you are not addressing that category you are going to find it increasingly hard to stay in business," enthuses Kevin Kelly, Canyon Ranch's president. This broad new category, Mr. Kelly goes on, "consolidates a lot of sub-categories" including spas, traditional medicine and alternative medicine, behavioural therapy, spirituality, fitness, nutrition and beauty. (42) . "You can no longer satisfy the consumer with just fitness, just medical, just spa," says Mr. Kelly. Canyon Ranch's strategy reflects this belief. (43) . This year in Miami Beach it will open the first of what it expects to be many upmarket housing estates built around a spa, called Canyon Ranch Living. Together with the Cleveland Clinic, one of the world's leading private providers of traditional medicine, it is launching an "executive health" product which combines diagnosis, treatment and, above all, prevention. It also has plans to produce food and skin-care products, a range of clothes and healthy-living educational materials. (44) . Mr. Case reckons that one of the roots of today's health-care crisis, especially in America, is that prevention and care are not suitably joined up. A growing number of employers now promote wellness at work, both to cut costs and to reduce stress and health-related absenteeism, says Jon Denoris of Catalyst Health, a gym business in London. He has been helping the British arm of Harley Davidson, a motorbike-maker, to develop a wellness programme for its workers. The desire to reduce health-care costs is one force behind the rise of the wellness industry; the other is the growing demand from consumers for things that make them feel healthier. Surveys find that three out of four adult Americans now feel that their lives are "out of balance", says Mr. Kelly. So there is a huge opportunity to offer them products and services that make them feel more "balanced." This represents a big change in consumer psychology, claims Mr. Kelly, and one that is likely to deepen over time: market research suggests that 35-year-olds have a much stronger desire to lead healthy lifestyles than 65-year-olds. (45) . Another will be to maintain credibility in (and for) an industry that combines serious science with snake oil. One problem—or is it an opportunity?—in selling wellness products to consumers is that some of the things they demand may be faddish or nonsensical. Easy fixes, such as new-age therapies, may appeal to them more than harder but proven ways to improve health. One of Canyon Ranch's answers to this problem has been to hire Richard Carmona, who was America's surgeon-general until last summer. In that role, he moved prevention and wellness nearer to the centre of public-health policy. The last time a surgeon-general ventured into business, it ended disastrously: during the internet bubble, Everett Koop launched DrKoop. com, a medical-information site that went bust shortly after going public and achieving a market capitalisation of over $1 billion. This time around, the wellness boom seems unlikely to suffer such a nasty turn for the worse.[A] It is expanding a brand built on $ I 000-a-night retreats for the rich and famous in several different directions.[B] Mr. Zuckerman, now a trim and sprightly 78-year-old, remains chairman of the firm.[C] There is growing evidence that focusing holistically on wellness can reduce health-care costs by emphasizing prevention over treatment.[D] One difficulty for wellness firms will be acquiring the expertise to operate in several different areas of the market.[E] It is also one of the leading lights in "wellness", an increasingly mainstream—and profitable—business.[F] As more customers demand a holistic approach to feeling well, firms that have hitherto specialised in only one or two of those areas are now facing growing market pressure, to broaden their business.[G] And there is much debate about the health benefits of vitamin supplements, organic food and alternative medicines, let alone different forms of spirituality.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}You are going to read a text about tips of how to make a good speech, followed by a list of examples and explanations. Choose the best example or explanation from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Before you speak to any audience, you should learn as much about its members as possible. Only in that way can you best adapt the level of your language and the content of your talk to your listeners.41. Speaking to someone you know well. ______ Where are you likely to speak? Certainly, in this class you'll give several talks, and since you know most, ff not all, of the students, you should face no major problems in adapting your approach to them. Another speaking possibility exists in your workplace. A third speaking possibility exists in any organization (social, cultural, athletic, and so on ) that you belong to. You may be asked to speak at the next meeting or at the annual banquet. Here again, you know the people involved, their background, their education level, and their attitudes ? and that's a tremendous advantage for you. Since we're upbeat and positive in this course, we'll assume that you've given successful talks under all three circumstances, and with this course under your belt, you can do it again. Since good speakers are hard to. find and word about them travels fast, suppose that one day you get an invitation to speak to an organization in which you don't know a soul. What do you do now? If you feel able to handle the topic you're asked to speak on, accept this rare challenge. Here's where audience analysis comes into play. Be sure to ask the person who invited you for information on the members, information that encompasses a broad spectrum, such as in the following areas.42. How old are your listeners? ______43. Sex composition of your listeners. ______44. Interest in topic.45. Interests or hobbies of the listeners. [A] If you're invited to speak to a women's or men's organization, you know the answer to this question at once. Quite often, however, audiences are mixed fairly evenly, although at times one sex may predominate. [B] Do members of your prospective audience spend evenings watching TV movies and drinking beer at a local tavern, or do they read the Harvard Classics and attend concerts of Beethoven and Mozart? Do they play bingo and 21, or do they pursue the questions the intriguing intricacies of contract bridge and chess? Answers to these questions can help you choose the most appropriate material and language for your audience. Your choices can be crucial in determining the success or failure of your presentation. [C] Are the members recent college graduates, senior citizens, or business executives in midcareer? Just remember, age exerts a powerful impact on people's attitudes, values and motivations. [D] For example, your department manager may ask you to explain and demonstrate a procedure to some fellow employee. Or she may select you to address your department on behalf of the local blood donor drive. In both speech situations--in class and on the job— you're familiar with your audience; you speak their language; you have things in common with them. [E] Are you aware of the educational background of your audience? How many of them have doctoral degrees, master degrees or bachelor degrees? This will decide what kind of language you should adopt and how much they can understand. [F] Are the members of the organization interested in the topic or are they required to attend regardless of their interest? If the latter is true, what types of material will most likely pique their curiosity?