BPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese./B

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowinggraph.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpretthegraph,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Writeanessaybasedonthedrawing.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainUsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

Quality of life is about more than the size of your pay cheque. It means being able to spend an evening with your family once a week—instead of keeping one parent at home with the kids while the other works, and then exchanging a few words when you switch roles halfway through the day. It means being able to request working hours that allow you to travel when buses are running so you do not have to walk miles to get to work. Those things matter to workers. When someone on a low wage talks about finding a better job, better pay is just part of the mix. This is why campaigns groups across America are trying to win better conditions—enabling employees to address questions of health, safety and life quality, alongside their wage gains. Short-notice rotas, as much as low pay or unsafe conditions, are central to a spate of protests across the US.

BSection III Writing/B

Directions: Nowadays there are many pirated products in the market, which is very harmful for us. What shall we do? In this section, you are asked to write an essay on pirated products. You can provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You should write at least 150 words.

Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words. 如今许多人热衷于参加各种考试以获得证书。有的人这样做是为了获得求职的优势，还有人这样做只是跟风。你的看法如何?

Quality of life is about more than the size of your pay cheque. It means being able to spend an evening with your family once a week—instead of keeping one parent at home with the kids while the other works, and then exchanging a few words when you switch roles halfway through the day. It means being able to request working hours that allow you to travel when buses are running so you do not have to walk miles to get to work. Those things matter to workers. When someone on a low wage talks about finding a better job, better pay is just part of the mix. This is why campaigns groups across America are trying to win better conditions—enabling employees to address questions of health, safety and life quality, alongside their wage gains. Short-notice rotas, as much as low pay or unsafe conditions, are central to a spate of protests across the US.

Suppose the regular meeting of the Student Union this Friday is postponed to next Monday. Write a notice to all members to 1) inform them about postponing the meeting, and 2) explain why. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "The Student Union" instead.

Suppose you have damaged your friend' s computer when you lived in his house a few days ago. Write him a letter to 1)make an apology, and 2)suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.(10 points)

One of the biggest hurdles to getting more electric cars on the road is " range anxiety," the worry people have of their car battery dying before they get to a charging station. A new study should help brush those fears aside. Most American drivers do not go beyond the distance that today's electric cars can go on a single battery charge in one day, the study found. In fact, 87 percent of the vehicles on the road could be replaced by low-cost EVs on the market today even if they were only charged overnight, say the MIT researchers who conducted the study published in Nature Energy. If this large-scale swap were to happen, it would lead to roughly 30 percent less carbon emissions even if the electricity were coming from carbon-emitting power plants. The researchers analyzed daily vehicle travel patterns across the U. S. by bringing together two large datasets. One, the National Household Travel Survey, gave them information on millions of trips made by all kinds of cars. The other included detailed GPS-based data collected by state agencies that measured second-by-second velocity of each kind of trip. The researchers also factored in ambient temperature and inefficient driving behavior to calculate the energy consumption of each trip: extensive heating or cooling and driving habits such as hard acceleration zap energy and can reduce driving range. Taking the 2013 Nissan Leaf as an example of an affordable EV on the market, the researchers found that it could meet the driving needs of 87 percent of vehicles on a single day. That number could go up to 98 percent as batteries meet new capacity targets set by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy. What about the remaining 13 percent of trips? The researchers admit that electric cars might not cut it for longer trips, such as vacation travel. For those times, they suggest that people in a two-car household could use their gasoline-powered vehicle, or they could rely on car-sharing or renting services. The data covered the country's 12 major metro cities, from dense urban areas such as New York to sprawling cities like Houston. Surprisingly, the adoption potential of electric vehicles was pretty similar across these diverse cities: it only varied from 84-93 percent. " This goes against the view that electric vehicles—at least affordable ones, which have limited range—only really work in dense urban centers," said the study's lead author Jessika E. Trancik in a press release. Trancik and her colleagues admit that addressing range anxiety might not be enough to boost EV sales. "Satisfying consumer preferences for vehicle performance and aesthetics will also be important, as will financing options to offset the purchase price," they say in the paper.

Suppose you have received a job offer from the ABC Company. However, you are not going to work in that company. Write a letter to 1) decline the offer, and 2) explain your reasons. You should write about 100 words. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.

BPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D./B

Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people's self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they're meant to encourage. A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood reduced the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of empirical evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives—showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note. Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called "the moral sentiments". The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff—we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be esteemed by others and to be seen as ethical and dignified. And they don't want to be taken for suckers. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being altruistic than in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook economics—and a prescription for sullen employees. Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we're being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply—sometimes wrongly—what motivates us. Fines or public rebukes that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of littering) can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities. This does not mean it's impossible to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time—just that efforts to do so often fail. Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the gallery of anti-social anachronisms.

BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B

BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B

Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing menial jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1 million industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination. Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow' s robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people and machines, they will be free to wander. Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous . Companies certainly need to rethink their human-resources policies—starting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources. The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. An American writer, Isaac Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites' fears about mechanised looms. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction. Two principles—don't let robots hurt or frighten people—are relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots(because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century's preferred option, making humans behave like robots.