填空题Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2011研，考试科目：基础英语)The period of Chinese scientific activity did not begin until the first years of the Republic. The older reformers only introduced a book knowledge of the sciences, without fully understanding their intellectual significance, without adequate equipment for laboratory work, and without adequately trained leaders to organize the studies and researches. Most of the textbooks on science were translated by men who admired science most sincerely but who had only a very superficial book knowledge of the subjects in the Japanese schools, and never did real laboratory work or undertook field expeditions. The schools were beginning to have classroom experiments in physics and chemistry, and botanical and zoological specimens: but they were as bookish as the textbooks, and were useless for the training of scientific workers.

填空题Translate the following passage into English．Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(天津外国语大学2012研，考试科目：英语语言文学) 我以为从人类文化和快乐的观点论起来，人类历史中的杰出新发明，其能直接有力地有助于我们的享受空闲、友谊、社交和谈天者，莫过于吸烟、饮酒、饮茶的发明。 烟酒茶的适当享受，只能在空闲、友谊和乐于招待之中发展出来。因为只有富于交友心，择友极慎，天然喜爱闲适生活的人士，方有圆满享受烟酒茶的机会。享受这三件东西，也如享受雪月花草一般，须有适当的同伴。中国的生活艺术家最注意此点，例如：看花须和某种人为伴，赏景须有某种女子为伴，听雨最好须在夏日山中寺院内躺在竹榻上。总括起来说，赏玩一样东西时，最紧要的是心境。我们对每一种事物，各有一种不同的心境。不适当的同伴，常会败坏心境。所以生活艺术家的出发点就是：他如更想要享受人生，则第一个必要条件即是和性情相投的人交朋友，须尽力维持这友谊，如一个下棋名手宁愿跑一千里的长途去会一个同志一般。

填空题______is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from______and______.（人大2006研)

填空题With its hero traveling into different places with different companions the story discusses the features of each stage of human life. Answer; "______" by______

填空题Translate the following passages into Chinese．(湖北大学2008研，考试科目：翻译与写作)I still keep in mind a certain wonderful sunset which I witnessed when steam-boating was new to me. A broad expanse of the river was turned to blood: in the middle distance the red hue brightened into gold, through which a solitary log came floating black and conspicuous: in one place a long, slanting mark lay sparkling upon the water: in another the surface was broken by boiling, tumbling waves, that were as many-tinted as an opal: where the ruddy flush was faintest, was a smooth spot that was covered with graceful circles and radiating lines, ever so delicately traced: the shore on our left was densely wooded, and the somber shadow that fell from this forest was broken in one place by a long, curvy trail that shone like silver: and high above the forest wall a clean-stemmed dead tree waved a single gold leafy bough that glowed like a flame in the unobstructed splendor that was flowing from the sun. There were graceful curves, reflected images, woody heights, soft distances: and over the whole scene, far and near, the dissolving lights drifted steadily, enriching it every passing moment with new marvels of coloring.

填空题People who live in glass houses should not throw stones .

填空题C______ linguistics aims to deal with computer processing of human language.

填空题Choose the correct headings for each of the following paragraphs marked with B to F. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(15 points, 3 points each). List of Headings i. Read all about it ii. It"s easier than ever to buy culture. iii. culture wars iv. Fueling the explosion v. Cultural abundance unlike a building boom vi. We"ve reached a tipping point, or at least turned a corner. vii. Informal relations viii. Anyone can be a maker of culture. ix. Whatever happened to the television test pattern? Example Answer Paragraph A ix A No more than 20 years ago, most TV stations routinely signed off the air for at least a few hours a day. At the end of their broadcast period, stations would slap a test pattern up on the screen until the next morning"s programming began. The test pattern—occasionally an absurd drawing of a Native American but more often a simple geometric shape adorned with call letters—was a great symbol of cultural dead space, of a moment when nothing was happening, when nothing was being transmitted, save perhaps for a monotonous electronic hum. While some stations still do sign off, they are increasingly rare in a hyperkinetic, always-open America that has shifted fully into 24-7 mode. If the test pattern symbolized a moment of silence in the cultural process, then it"s only fitting that its long run has effectively been canceled. B Similar developments range far beyond the small screen. During the past few decades, we have been experiencing what can aptly be called a "culture boom" : a massive and prolonged increase in art, music, literature, video, and other forms of creative expression. Everywhere we look, the cultural marketplace is open and ready for business: The number of places where you can buy books has more than doubled during the past 20 years, while the number of libraries has increased by about 17 percent. More than 25, 000 video rental stores are scattered across the United States, effectively functioning as second-run theaters and art houses even in the most remote backwaters. More than 110 symphony orchestras have been founded since 1980, reports The Wall Street Journal, which also notes that the national 1997 -98 theatrical season "raked in a record $1.3 billion in ticket sales. " About 3 , 500 commercial radio stations and 670 commercial television stations have come on the air since 1970; during the same period, cable viewership has quadrupled. C The increasingly important World Wide Web has provided space for all sorts of commercial and noncommercial culture, ranging from authorized sites to a reader-compiled database of more than 180, 000 movies to translations of Dante"s sonnets to fan-generated art. In video and music production, where equipment costs were once prohibitive enough to seriously limit access, there is a flourishing, self-conscious "do-it-yourself" movement that has taken great advantage of cheaper technology and distribution methods. In a world of $ 100 VCRs, bargain-basement PCs, CD-rewritable drives, and other technologies that allow users to copy and manipulate images, words, and sound in ever-new and seamless ways, even the sharp distinction between producer and consumer seems increasingly blurred. D Gone for good are the days when serious cultural critics, whether on the right or the left, could nod toward Tocqueville and Mrs. Trollope and bemoan a scarcity of "culture" in America. Instead, the contemporary descendants of such folks are more likely to make the sort of claim Slate"s Jacob Weisberg did recently in a review of economist Tyler Cowen"s In Praise of Commercial Culture. After granting that the United States does in fact offer a dizzying array of cultural opportunities, Weisberg complains: "What we lack is a flourishing common, or national, culture. Contemporary classical music goes unperformed, foreign films have no audience, and hardly anyone reads contemporary poetry. Meanwhile, pap abounds. " There are, in fact, healthy, if small, markets for the fare Weisberg prefers. The problem isn"t a lack of choice in cultural matters: You want Mozart, Mingus, and Marilyn Manson ? No problem—they"re all available(and probably at a discount). Rather, the issue is precisely a profusion of choice in cultural matters; You want Mozart, Mingus—and Marilyn Manson? E By virtually any measure, cultural activity has been enjoying an expansion that stacks up to Wall Street"s long-running bull market. Interestingly, the culture boom has, for the most part, seen older art forms supplemented and preserved, rather than paved over. The past 30 years have seen a number of developments that have greatly increased the amount and variety of TV-related culture available. The average home now has 2. 3 sets, compared to 1. 4 sets in 1970. Cable is now in 65. 3 percent of all households with TVs(compared to 6.7 percent in 1970). The average subscriber receives 30 to 60 channels, typically including several devoted not merely to shopping but to new and old feature films, reruns of old shows, documentaries, and other sorts of specialized programming. Omnipresent video rental stores give virtually everyone access to a film library that a few decades ago even a millionaire wouldn"t have been able to afford. F The culture boom is similarly reshaping book publishing. While an enormous amount of ink has been spilled over the demise of print culture, the death of so-called mid-list authors, and the threat to diversity posed by mega-mergers among publishers, actual book sales and related figures suggest a very different picture. Between 1975 and 1996, the number of books sold increased by 817 million units annually. Fifty years ago, Tyler Cowen points out in In Praise of Commercial Culture, there were only 85, 000 titles in print in the United States. Today, that figure stands at about 1. 3 million. The increase in the number of books available has been matched by an increase in places to get books. Between 1985 and 1993, for instance, the number of "ultimate companies"—outlets selling books in some form or another—rose from 9, 200 to almost 20, 000. Such staggering numbers have, of course, been eclipsed by Web sellers such as Amazon, com and Barnes & Noble"s online outfit(barnesandnoble. com). Boasting sites that include several million titles, Amazon and Barnes & Noble have been joined in cyberspace by used-book sites that combine lists from hundreds of used-hook stores nationwide. The Web retailers are also leading the way in increasing access to foreign tides that have traditionally been very difficult to find in the States.

填空题"Mary gave a book to Jack" is synonymous with "Jack______a book from Mary. "(北二外2005研)

填空题咫尺之隔，竟成海天之遥。南京匆匆一晤，瞬逾三十六载。幼时同袍，苏京把晤，往事历历在目。惟从常年未通音问，此诚憾事。近闻政躬违和，深为悬念。人过七旬，多有病痛，至盼善自珍摄。三年以来，我党一再倡议贵我两党举行谈判，同捐前嫌，共竟祖国统一大业。惟弟一再声言“不接触，不谈判，不妥协”，余期期以为不可。世交深情，于公于私，理当进言，敬希诠察。

填空题Evidence in support of lateralization for language in the left hemisphere of the brain comes from researches in d______listening tasks.

填空题Author______Title______ Yossarian let his eyes fall closed and hoped they would think he was unconscious. "He"s fainted," he heard a doctor say. "Can"t we treat him now before it"s too late? He really might die. " "All right, take him. I hope the bastard does die. "

填空题In______with his wishes, he was buried without a religious ceremony.(accord)

填空题城乡低保

填空题______ is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form.

填空题英译汉。(上海理工大学2005研，考试科目：翻译)That Old Greenspan Magic Seems to be FadingFor the best part of 20 years, Alan Greenspan has been a symbol of the stupidity of ageism. He became chairman of the U. S. Federal Reserve at 61 , when plenty of workers have already been tossed on the scrapheap and many others are preparing to wind down for retirement. His golden years in charge of the U. S. economy were when he was pushing 70 and he"s still there aged 78. Greenspan is the doyen of central bankers, still talked about in almost rever-ential terms by his peers. The fact that the Fed chairman rarely gives interviews and makes public pronouncements that are to economics what Finnegans Wake is to literature only adds to the mystique.It is, then, with some trepidation that the question has to be asked: Has Big Al finally lost the plot? At the start of last week, Greenspan presided over a meeting of the Fed which kept interest rates on hold at 1 % , the level they have been pegged at for nearly a year. A statement accompanying the decision said the risks to inflation were balanced, which means the Fed thinks there is as much chance of the cost of living going up as going down. On Thursday, new joblessness claims in the U. S. fell to their lowest level in getting on for four years, and the picture of a recovering labour market was underlined by Friday"s non-farm payrolls which showed an increase of 288, 000, above what had been expected. The economy is expanding at an annual rate of 4. 5% , surveys of both manufacturing and the service sector are strong, the housing market is booming, inflation has started to pick up.Hardly surprisingly, Greenspan"s call on inflation is now coming under the microscope, even by those on the Keynesian left who tend to favor expansionary macroeconomic policies. "Show me something, other than computers, where the price is falling, " says Dean Baker of the Centre for Economic Policy Research in Washington. Baker is right. Clearly, risks to inflation are on the upside, and massively so. The economy has been injected with a cocktail of three growth-inducing drugs—negative real interest rates, a rising budget deficit and a falling currency. Oil prices have touched $40 a barrel and the labour market is tightening. It is hard to believe that Greenspan, a junkie for economic data no matter how seemingly trivial, has not spotted all this. Rates in the U. S. are far below a neutral level, which would probably be around 5% , yet Greenspan is in no hurry to act.

填空题According to McDonough(2000), a teacher who is able to explain some linguistic features would have a______position than one who handles the argument by using authority "it"s like that" , "it"s an exception" , or "it"s less formal".

填空题Mr. Peggotty and Steerforth are two characters in Dickens"s novel ______.

填空题Are you familiar with any Chinese translation theorists? Describe one of them and his / her contribution to the translation studies.

填空题Author____Title____ Weave a circle round him thrice, And close your eyes with hold dread, For he on honey-dew hath fed, And drunk the milk of Paradise.