Tropical rain pounds on the roof of a cavernous warehouse near Jakarta, Indonesia's capital. Inside , youngsters in orange T-shirts haul around clothes, luggage and electrical goods for Lazada, an e-commerce firm, which has just moved in. The 12,000 square metre space is three times the size of the old one, but it already looks full. Three years ago Lazada's entire stock filled a storeroom the size of a studio flat, recalls Magnus Ekbom, its twenty-something boss in Indonesia. Internet shopping accounts for less than 1 % of all purchases in South-East Asia—a region twice as populous as America, where the proportion is nearly 10%. But surging smartphone use and a broadening middle class mean the market is set to multiply; perhaps five fold by 2018,reckons Frost & Sullivan, a consulting firm. Since it launched in 2012 Lazada has laid claim to six South-East Asian countries, largely unchallenged by e-commerce giants such as Amazon of the United States, Alibaba of China and Rakuten of Japan. It may soon have to fight them for its territory. Lazada was created by Rocket Internet, a Berlin-based investor that helps out startups designed to dominate emerging markets. Rocket still holds a 24% stake, though Lazada has now raised more than $ 600m from investors including Tesco, a British grocer, and Temasek, a Singaporean sovereign-wealth fund. These deals appear to value it at about $ 1.3 billion, which could well make it South-East Asia's dearest technology firm. Like other Rocket companies, Lazada is run by a group of young European emigrants, plucked from finance and consulting. It seems ready to stomach years of losses. In the first half of 2014—the only recent period for which results are available—it lost $ 50m before interest and tax, on revenues of $ 60m. Again like other Rocket companies, its critics say it is just a copycat, in this case a mere clone of Amazon. Lazada's bosses say such charges underestimate the sophistication and ambition required to succeed in places such as Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. Online marketing is trickier there than in America or Europe, because locals use a much wider variety of search and social-media sites. The region's diversity means constant adjustment of online portals to suit local languages and cultures. It also means battling a hotch-potch of customs rules.

For many people, emotions are a scary thing. 【C1】______of the problem is that we just don't know what to do with them, according to Darlene Mininni, Ph. D, author of The Emotional Toolkit. So we adopt the only strategies we【C2】______know. If you're a man, you might distract yourself【C3】______playing video games, tinkering with your tools or drinking alcohol, she said. If you're a woman, you might shop or eat. 【C4】______to these tools occasionally is OK, Mininni said. Making them part of your regular coping repertoire, however, is problematic. Emotions are valuable, and【C5】______a bounty of benefits. Emotions send us important messages and help us connect with others and accomplish great things, Mininni said. Using【C6】______strategies, however, can sabotage our relationships, job and even our health, Mininni said. In fact, people who handle stress effectively have healthier immune systems, don't get sick as often and age【C7】______16 years more slowly than people who don't. There's actually【C8】______consensus on what an emotion is, and scientists may have various interpretations. Mininni【C9】______emotions as a "full-body experience," an interplay between our thoughts and physical sensations. For instance, a kind of giddy happiness and anxiety have the same sensations, such as tight muscles and a【C10】______heart. What determines whether we feel happy or anxious are our thoughts. Mininni said that all emotions【C11】______into these categories: anxiety, sadness, anger and happiness. In order to identify the【C12】______of your emotion, ask yourself these questions: Anxiety: What am I afraid of? Sadness; What have I lost? Anger: How have I or my values been attacked? Happiness; What have I gained? Once you've identified your emotional state, the last step is to take【C13】______. Ask yourself if there's anything you can do to solve the situation, Mininni said. If there is, consider what you can do. If there's【C14】______you can do, determine how you can cope with the emotion, she said. Mininni suggested meditating, getting social support, writing, exercising and seeking therapy. Think of these strategies as an emotional toolkit. You simply【C15】______your kit, and pick out the healthy tool you need, Mininni said. In fact, you can create an real toolkit, and pack it with【C16】______items such as sneakers, your journal, funny films, favorite books and a list of people you'd like to call when you're【C17】______. The strategies that work best will【C18】______with each person, depending on your personality, physiology and other individual factors, Mininni said. For some people, running works wonders in alleviating anxiety. For others, meditation is【C19】______. Emotions may seem confusing and threatening but applying the above practical and clear-cut approach reveals emotions for【C20】______they really are; useful, informative and far from murky.

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Expertshavelongknownthatchildrenimitatemanyofthedeeds—goodandbad—thattheyseeontelevision.Butithasrarelybeenshownthatchangingayoungchild'sviewinghabitsathomecanleadtoimprovedbehavior.InastudypublishedMondayinthejournalPediatrics,researchersreportedtheresultsofaprogramdesignedtolimittheexposureofpreschoolchildrentoviolence-ladenvideosandtelevisionshowsandincreasetheirtimewitheducationalprogrammingthatencouragesempathy.Theyfoundthattheexperimentreducedthechildren'saggressiontowardothers,comparedwithagroupofchildrenwhowereallowedtowatchwhatevertheywanted."Herewehaveanexperimentthatproposesapotentialsolution,"saidThomasRobinson,aprofessorofpediatricsatStanford,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Givingthisintervention—exposingkidstolessadulttelevision,lessaggressionontelevisionandmoreprosocialtelevision—willhaveaneffectonbehavior."Whiletheresearchshowed"asmalltomoderateeffect"onthepreschoolers'behavior,headded,thebroaderpublichealthimpactcouldbe"verymeaningful."Thenewstudywasarandomizedtrial,rareinresearchontheeffectsofmediaonchildren.Theresearchers,atSeattleChildren'sResearchInstituteandtheUniversityofWashington,divided565parentsofchildrenages3to5intotwogroups.Bothweretoldtotracktheirchildren'smediaconsumptioninadiarythattheresearchersassessedforviolent,didacticandprosocialcontent,whichtheydefinedasshowingempathy,helpingothersandresolvingdisputeswithoutviolence.Thecontrolgroupwasgivenadviceonlyonbetterdietaryhabitsforchildren.Thesecondgroupofparentsweresentprogramguideshighlightingpositiveshowsforyoungchildren.Theyalsoreceivednewslettersencouragingparentstowatchtelevisionwiththeirchildrenandaskquestionsduringtheshowsaboutthebestwaystodealwithconflict.Theparentsalsoreceivedmonthlyphonecallsfromtheresearchers,whohelpedthemsettelevision-watchinggoalsfortheirpreschoolers.Theresearcherssurveyedtheparentsatsixmonthsandagainafterayearabouttheirchildren'ssocialbehavior.Aftersixmonths,parentsinthegroupreceivingadviceabouttelevision-watchingsaidtheirchildrenweresomewhatlessaggressivewithothers,comparedwiththoseinthecontrolgroup.Thechildrenwhowatchedlessviolentshowsalsoscoredhigheronmeasuresofsocialcompetence,adifferencethatpersistedafteroneyear.Low-incomeboysshowedthemostimprovement,thoughtheresearcherscouldnotsaywhy.Totalviewingtimedidnotdifferbetweenthetwogroups."Thekeymessageforparentsisit'snotjustaboutturningofftheTV;it'saboutchangingthechannel,"saidDr.DimitriChristakis,theleadauthorofthestudyandaprofessorofpediatricsattheUniversityofWashington.Thenewstudyhaslimitations,expertsnoted.Dataonboththechildren'stelevisionhabitsandtheirbehaviorwasreportedbytheirparents,whomaynotbeobjective.Andthestudyfocusedonlyonmediacontentinthehome,althoughsomepreschool-agedchildrenareexposedtoprogrammingelsewhere.

Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words. 很多人认为学语言是非常需要天赋的。当人们试图表达他们对语言天赋看法时，有的人会说，没有天赋就难以学好外语。你的看法如何?

Now that the economy is at last growing again, the burning issue in Britain is the cost of living. Prices have exceeded wages for the past six years. But the thing that is really out of control is the cost of housing. In the past year wages have risen by 1% ; property prices are up by 8.4%. This is merely the latest in a long surge. If since 1971 the price of groceries had risen as steeply as the cost of housing, a chicken would cost ￡ 51($ 83). By subsidising mortgages, and thus boosting demand, the government is aggravating the problem. But that is not the main reason for rising prices. Driven by a baby-boom, immigration and longer lives, Britain"s population is growing by around 0. 8% per year, faster than in most rich countries. Foreign wealth, in the meantime, is pouring into London. If supply were rising fast too, increasing demand would not matter; but it is not. Though some 221,000 additional households are formed in England annually, just 108,000 homes were built in the year to September 2013. The lack of housing is an economic drag. About three-quarters of English job growth last year was in London and its inland, but high prices make it hard for people to move there from less favoured spots. It also damages lives. New British homes are smaller than those anywhere else in Europe, household size is rising in London and slums are spreading as immigrants squash into shared houses(and, sometimes, garden sheds). Inequality is growing, because the higher property prices are, the greater the advantage that belongs to those whose parents own their homes. This is all the result of deliberate policymaking. Since the 1940s house-building in Britain has been regulated by a system designed to prevent urban sprawl, something it has achieved well. It is almost impossible to construct any new building anywhere without permission from the local council. In the places where people most want to live—suburbs at the edge of big cities—councils tend not to give it.

After decades of worsening diets and sharp increases in obesity, Americans' eating habits have begun changing for the better. Calories consumed daily by the typical American adult, which peaked around 2003, are in the midst of their first sustained decline since federal statistics began to track the subject, more than 40 years ago. The declines cut across most major demographic groups—including higher- and lower-income families, and blacks and whites—though they vary somewhat by group. In the most striking shift, the amount of full-calorie soda drunk by the average American has dropped 25 percent since the late 1990s. As calorie consumption has declined, obesity rates appear to have stopped rising for adults and school-aged children and have come down for the youngest children, suggesting the calorie reductions are making a difference. The reversal appears to stem from people's growing realization that they were harming their health by eating and drinking too much. The awareness began to build in the late 1990s, thanks to a burst of scientific research about the costs of obesity, and to public health campaigns in recent years. The encouraging data does not mean an end to the obesity epidemic: More than a third of American adults are still considered obese, putting them at increased risk of diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Americans are still eating far too few fruits and vegetables and far too much junk food, even if they are eating somewhat less of it, experts say. But the changes in eating habits suggest that what once seemed an inexorable decline in health may finally be changing course. Since the mid-1970s, when American eating habits began to rapidly change, calorie consumption had been on a near-steady incline. Barry Popkin, a University of North Carolina professor who has studied food data extensively, described the development as a "turning point". There is no perfect way to measure American calorie consumption. But three large sources of data about diet all point in the same direction. Detailed daily food diaries tracked by government researchers, data from food bar codes and estimates of food production all show reductions in the calories consumed by the average American since the early 2000s. Those signals, along with the flattening of the national obesity rate, have convinced many public health researchers that the changes are meaningful.

Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points )

Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they'll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world's attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see. Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we're all hot-tempered single mothers who can't keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can't escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers. These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself. It won't be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all. Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they'd like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise(沉着) , confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that's been around for far too long.

The human voice, like any sound produced by thrumming a stretched string, has a fundamental frequency. For voice, the centre of that frequency lies mostly below 300Hz depending on the speaker"s sex. Information is conveyed through simultaneous higher-frequency overtones(泛音)and additional components that can stretch up to 20,000 Hz(20kHz). Modern hearing aids are able to distinguish only a small part of that range, typically between 300Hz and 6kHz, reducing noise and amplifying those frequencies where the wearer"s hearing is the weakest. But differentiating elements of many common parts of speech occur in higher frequencies. This is the result both of harmonics(和声)that ripple out from the main tone, and from non-voiced elements used to utter consonants(辅音), which employ the tongue, teeth, cheeks and lips. Take the words "sailing" and "failing". Cut off the higher frequencies and the two are indistinguishable. The problem is compounded on telephone calls, which do not transmit frequencies below 300Hz or above 3.3kHz. People with hearing aids experience this problem constantly, says Brian Moore of the University of Cambridge. Typical hearing loss tends to be most acute at frequencies above 10kHz, which contain quieter sounds but where speech can still include important cues. Older hearing aids cut off at no higher than 6kHz, but much modern equipment stretches this range to 8-10kHz. However, a problem remains, Dr Moore says, because bespoke hearing-aid calibrations for individual users, called "fittings" , do not properly boost the gain of these higher frequencies. So Dr Moore and his colleagues have come up with a better method. Their approach can be applied to many existing devices, and is also being built into some newer ones. A key step in any fitting involves testing an individual"s ability to hear sounds in different frequency bands. Each hearing loss is unique, and for most users a standard profile would be too loud in some ranges and too soft in others. But current tests pay scant attention to the higher frequencies that a device"s tiny speaker can produce, regardless of whether the user needs a boost. Dr Moore"s new test, known as CAM2, which is both a set of specifications and an implementation in software, extends and modifies fittings to include frequencies as high as 10kHz. When the results are used to calibrate a modern hearing aid, the result is greater intelligibility(可懂度)of speech compared with existing alternatives. CAM2 also improves the experience of listening to music, which makes greater use of higher frequencies than speech does.

It is a good time to be a fisherman. The global fish-price index of the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) hit a record high in May. Changing consumer diets, particularly in China, explain much of the sustained upward movement. High oil prices, which increase the cost of fishing and transportation, also add to the price of putting fish on the table. Not all fish are created equal, however. There are two types offish production; "capture" (or wild) and "aquaculture" (or farmed). And they seem to be on different tracks. Fish such as tuna, the majority of which is caught wild, saw much bigger price increases than salmon, which is easier to farm. Overall, the FAO's price index for wild fish nearly doubled between 1990 and 2012, whereas the one for farmed fish rose by only a fifth. What explains this big difference? The amount of wild fish captured globally has barely changed in the past two decades. The ceiling, of about 90m tonnes a year, seems to have been reached at the end of the 1980s. Overfishing is one reason, as is the limited room for productivity growth, particularly if consumers want high quality. Patrice Guillotreau of the University of Nantes tells the story of a fleet in France that decided to trawl, rather than line-catch, its tuna. It brought more back to shore, but the fish were damaged. It could not be sold as high-value fillets and was only good for canning. The old ways of catching fish are still best if you want the highest profits, says Mr Guillotreau. In contrast, the farmed-fish industry continues to make productivity improvements. Fish farms have found crafty ways to use lower quantities of fish meal as feed. In the early days of aquaculture, it could take up to ten pounds of wild fish to produce one pound of salmon. Now the number is down to five. That may still be an inefficient use of protein, but the ratio is set to improve further. Fish farms have also become more energy-efficient, meaning that they are less affected by higher energy prices. And they have learned how to handle diseases better, reducing the quantity of fish that ends up being unsellable. As a result of all these improvements, the global production of farmed fish, measured in tonnes, now exceeds the production of beef. Output is likely to continue growing: the FAO estimates that by 2020 it will reach six times its 1990 level.

The average British people get six-and-a-half hours" sleep a night, according to the Sleep Council. It has been known for some time that the amount of sleep people get has,【C1】______declined over the years. But【C2】______the average amount of sleep we are getting has fallen, rates of obesity and diabetes have soared. Could the two be connected? We wanted to see what the【C3】______would be of increasing average sleep by just one hour. So we asked seven volunteers, who【C4】______sleep anywhere between six and nine hours, to be【C5】______at the University of Surrey"s Sleep Research Centre. The volunteers were randomly【C6】______to two groups. One group was asked to sleep for six-and-a-half hours a night, the other got seven-and-a-half hours. After a week the researchers took blood tests and the volunteers were asked to switch sleep【C7】______. The group that had been sleeping six-and-a-half hours got an【C8】______hour, the other group slept an hour less. Computer tests designed to measure brain wave activity【C9】______that most of them struggled with mental agility tasks when they had less sleep, but the most interesting results came from the blood tests that were【C10】______. Dr Simon Archer and his team at Surrey University were【C11】______interested in looking at the genes that were switched on or off in our volunteers【C12】______changes in the amount that we had made them sleep. "We found that【C13】______there were around 500 genes that were affected," Archer【C14】______. "Some which were going up, and some which were going down." What they discovered is that when the volunteers【C15】______back from seven-and-a-half to six-and-a-half hours" sleep a night, genes that are【C16】______with processes like immune response and response to stress became more【C17】______The team also saw increase in the activity of genes related to diabetes and risk of cancer. The【C18】______happened when the volunteers added an hour of sleep. So the clear【C19】______from this experiment was that if you are getting less than seven hours" sleep a night and can alter your sleep habits, even one hour more, it could make you【C20】______.

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

Web art has been "accepted" by traditional institutions, critics and thus the general public because it "fits" into our culture and society, a society which has been groomed by postmodern ideals. Thus web art has not been subjected to "cultural limbo" as photography had for a century and a half by the constraints imposed by modernism. The postmodernists embraced the idea that technology, especially reproductive mediums, would radically affect the perception of art. The rejection of traditional notions created a strong affinity towards new genres for postmodernists. The support given by postmodernism to technological art forms has played an important role in redefining the value of web-based mediums today. The nature of web-based art facilitates this acceptance. The infinite reproducibility of the web art form reaffirms postmodern deconstruction of the "unique existence" of the art object and thus its exuded authority and authentic value. Web art has crossed the boundaries of what was once the "unreproducibility of the aesthetic original" and introduced a world that exists free from the concept of either the original or the copy. Web art also elevates the viewer to the level of interactive creator and thus promote the process of artistic realization. Because of the interactive nature of web art, the viewer has ultimately replaced the artist, thus confirming Barthes' theory of "death of the author". The existence of web art in a non-physical, temporal realm also contributes to the rejection of the modern value of the spatial art object. The audience understands the virtuality of this technology as it pervades daily life on the net. Finally, the inherent makeup of the Internet as a catalog of information, coded language, and raw data, allows web art to present art as text and equally text as art. The limitless interchangeability of text and web art constitutes the revelation of postmodern theorists that the meaning of art can only be found through the relationship of the "world outside the text that is nevertheless inscribed in the text". Postmodern ideals set forth the current society's methodology of valuing art and thus new art forms. It is because web art so accurately mirrors the canons of postmodernism, that it is such a favored form in the art world. Web art's acceptance and popularity exist because it is a concept as much as it is a "tool". Web art, like photography, is an instrument reiterating the values posed by postmodernists in order to reject traditional mediums. The opposition of tradition powers our society forward to seek out new ways to explain old ideas and explore new questions that pervade our environment.

Writeanessaybasedonthediagram.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethediagram,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. " We don' t make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line. Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing. But there is also a different way to look at the data. Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay. For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. "They' re harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, " They may be coming[into the workforce], but they' ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture. At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $ 13 an hour that rises to $ 17 after two years. At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he' s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It' s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating," he says. But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennial "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan. These concerns aren' t misplaced; Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels. " The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There' re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don' t need to have much skill. It' s that gap in between, and that' s where the problem is. " Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says. [A]says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools. [B]points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don' t need much skill. [C]points out that the US doesn't manufacture anything anymore. [D]believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers. [E]says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition. [F]points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing. [G]says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay—off the young people' s parents.

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowinggraph.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpretthegraphand2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is【C1】______and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and【C2】______certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two【C3】______schools of thought on the matter have【C4】______. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of【C5】______between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often【C6】______as "nature v. nurture". Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are【C7】______determined by biological and【C8】______factors. That our environment has【C9】______, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory【C10】______that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely【C11】______by our instincts. Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or,【C12】______they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts【C13】______determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely【C14】______by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite【C15】______; they maintain that, like machines, humans【C16】______to environmental stimuli as the【C17】______of their behavior. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. Behaviorists,【C18】______, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental【C19】______that whites enjoy. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the【C20】______to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.

It took some time to figure out just the right shopping complex, off just the right highway interchange and just the right distance from Seoul, that could accommodate a 624,000-square-foot store—that is to say, one more than three times the size of the average Wal-Mart Supercenter. It took more time to solve certain mysteries, like how big to make the store' s children' s section in a country where kids are often given ample space in the family living quarters. It took more time to figure out how to showcase kitchens that incorporate kimchi refrigerators, a uniquely Korean appliance— and even more time to untangle nuances of the market, like the South Korean' s preference for metal chopsticks. In all, it took about six years for Ikea to unveil its inaugural store in South Korea, in Gwangmyeong, starting from the first scouting trip. The lag was typically Ikean. But six years? "The more global, the more complex it gets," replies Mikael Palmquist, the regional manager of retail for Asia Pacific. "We need to get these things right or we will never be taken seriously." Today the Gwangmyeong store, which is the company's largest in the world by shopping area, is on track to become one of Ikea 's top-performing outlets for 2015. The success is hardly a fluke . Ikea, it seems, is a genius at selling Ikea—flat packing, transporting, and reassembling its quirky Swedish styling all across the planet. The furniture and furnishings brand is in more countries than Wal-Mart and Carrefour. China, where Ikea has eight of its 10 biggest stores, is the company' s fastest-growing market. An outlet in Morocco is coming soon, and there are hints that Brazil may not be far off. Meanwhile, Ikea is going meatballs out in India, where it plans to invest about $2 billion over a decade to open 10 stores. Getting it right in emerging markets like China and India, where Ikea is well-positioned to capitalize on a growing middle class, is a key factor in its goal of hitting €50 billion in sales by 2020. That's up from ￠28.7 billion in its fiscal 2014 and almost double its 2005 sales level. Today the Ikea Group has 318 stores, not including the brand' s some four dozen franchised locations; it' s aiming for around 500 by 2020.

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.

Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they'll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world's attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see. Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we're all hot-tempered single mothers who can't keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can't escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers. These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself. It won't be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all. Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they' d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that' s been around for far too long.