填空题Turn the following passage into Chinese．(山东师范大学2009研，考试科目：基础英语)If you expect something to turn out badly, it probably will. Pessimism is seldom disappointed. But the same principle also works in reverse. If you expect good things to happen, they usually do! There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success.Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectations. There is enough good and bad in everyone"s life—ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain—to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse.I believe in the upward look. I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature. Sure, I know that sorrow exists. I am in my 70s now, and I"ve lived through more than one crisis. But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life far outweighs the bad.

填空题原来我的讲义已经从头到末，都用红色铅笔添改过了，不但增加了许多脱漏的地方，连文法的错误也都一一订正。

填空题他板着脸进了家门，走到客厅脱了鞋，换拖鞋，接着挨个解衬衣扣子，一声不吭，横眼瞧着摊手摊脚地坐在沙发上的老头子，然后猛地脱下衬衣，穿着小背心去卫生间，拧开水龙头，哗哗地洗，片刻，拿着大毛巾回到客厅用力地擦，继续用眼瞧着老头子。

填空题The authority of the state rests on two important foundations. First, it is the state that holds the exclusive right to use force and physical______.(coerce)

填空题黑金

填空题The way in which______wrote The Scarlet Letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritan moralism.

填空题Mrs. Clark,______in a black woolen cardigan and dark grey trousers, appealed for privacy so that she could rebuild her and her family's lives.(dress)

填空题现在，我们正迈入一个新的世纪，展现在我们面前的将是更大的进步。科学家们正在着手建立新的基因数据库，研究超容量的计算机及其他一些工具，他们正在揭开有关我们的机体是如何运转的、我们的大脑是如何储存一生的记忆等方面的奥秘。如果我是一个期望在这个新世纪做出贡献的年轻人，我将首先关注生物学。它是一个充满无数重大的、迷人的问题并需要冒险精神的竞技场。当然，与所有科学一样，它也是一个包容了整个世界而不是任何一个国家的竞技场。拥有骄人科学历史的中国，已经造就出了一批最优秀的研究者，但还有更多的潜能有待开发。世界期待着中国的年轻人用他们的智慧和热情来推进科学的发展，并为我们大家把这个星球建设成更健康更美好的地方。

填空题In his______Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy" s rise from ______to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.

填空题Please translate the following passage into English，and write your English version on the ANSWER SHEET．(西安交通大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语) 起先，她对洗衣机抱怀疑态度，因为它耗费大量的肥皂和热水，还洗不干净衣服。她不禁想起，在小镇的喷水泉边上，她曾是何等的快活。朋友在一起，一边聊天，一边就把所有的衣物都洗得像簇新的一样。可是这架机器似乎使她逐渐地产生好感。因为这毕定是台机器，它就这么自装自卸转个不停。她觉得这真是妙不可言：一台机器竞能记住这么多事情，而且有求必应，随时待命。还有那洗碟子的机器也够妙的。你可以穿着夜间外出的服装，洗盘子的水一点也不会溅湿你的手套。当太太不在家，孩子们上了学，她就先把脏衣服放进洗衣机，把它启动，再把脏盘子放进另一架机器，把它启动，然后把一块嫩嫩的五香火腿小牛肉夹卷放到电动平底煎锅上，把它启动，她就可以坐到客厅的电视机前看电视，两耳听着所有的机器在她周围做工。这使她感到快意，还觉得自己很有主宰力。

填空题Keats" major achievement, and one of the major achievements in English literature, is the sequence of______that he wrote in his time.

填空题Please choose the best sentence from the list after the passage to fill in each of the gaps in the text. There are more sentences than gaps. Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which true and false statements can be made; there is no absolute truth, though there may be many " relative truths". Scientific skepticism in its simplest form denies only that we ever know, in the sense of establishing for certain, whether a statement made by us is absolutely true or false. We know nothing for certain, the ancient skeptics argued, 【K1】______. In supplement, Hume noted that reports of experience, observation and experiment, do not conclusively justify any prediction concerning the future or more generally the unobserved, even if they are held to be so solidly based as to need no justification themselves. This may be regarded as skepticism about induction, the principle by which Bacon famously warranted inference from the known into the unknown. When we abandon the dream of conclusive justification, Hume argued, we must become all the more skeptical about opinions supported only by experience. 【K2】______. Hume"s argument is indeed open to question, though we ought not assume too quickly that his conclusion encourages relativism. Even if skepticism is correct, his argument does not concede anything to relativism, for skepticism does not recommend universal suspension of judgment or the ruinous doctrine that all rational opinion is justified opinion. The level-headed skeptic, the critical rationalist, does not doubt that there is truth to be had, but thinks that it maybe had only by making a lucky guess.【K3】______. Remorseless though the logic is, it is at this point that reasonable people ask in incredulity: can it be seriously maintained that present-day science is simply a more widely accepted form of study of UFOs, dianetics, and similar unseemly charlatanism?【K4】______. But science is more than the sum of its hypotheses, its observations, and its experiments, for from the point of view of rationality, science is above the critical method of searching for errors. 【K5】______, though if they are designed to be unassailable and unfalsifiable, then unassailed and unfalsified they doubtlessly remain. Consequently, though a hypothesis that survives all criticism directed at it is preferable to a hypothesis that dies, it does not become a better hypothesis through being tested. A. though scientific hypotheses are not untrustworthy or unreliable except in the sense of being sometimes false B. Scientific hypotheses are guesses no better backed by observation and experiment, and have no more claim on our credulity, than the fancies of pseudo-scientists C. If one judges that there is life elsewhere in the galaxy, and the other judges the opposite, then one of them has hit on a fragment of the truth D. What is wrong with pseudoscience is the manner in which it handles its hypotheses, not the hypotheses themselves E. for the grounds of what is accepted as true themselves require grounds, thus initiating an infinite regress of justification F. Modern skeptics relish specially this second discovery of Hume"s: that there exist no grounds whatever, conclusive or inclusive, for anything that we claim to be certain of

填空题Fill in the numbered blanks with proper words. Among the 20 expressions given, only 15 should be used. Make sure the words come in correct forms in terms of both grammar and meaning. anxious cues depend frustrate believe make intercourse help enter comfort contact take orient rational long acquire remove ail invite aware Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most【K1】______, it has its own symptoms and cure. Culture shock is precipitated by the【K2】______that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social【K3】______Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse【K4】______, when to take statements seriously and when not. These【K5】______which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the【K6】______we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious【K7】______ Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are【K8】______He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of【K9】______and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the【K10】______"The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad. " When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes【K11】______glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical【K12】______with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of【K13】______and a desire for【K14】______on long-term residents of one"s own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible【K15】______to be back home.

填空题Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．Everyone should begin collecting a private library in youth: the instinct of private property, which is fundamental in human beings, can here be cultivated with every advantage and no evils. One should have one"s own bookshelves, which should not have doors, glass windows, or keys: they should be free and accessible to the hand as well as the eye. The best of mural decorations is books: they are more varied in color and appearance than any wall-paper, and they are more attractive in design, and they have the prime advantage of being separate personalities, so that if you sit alone in the room in the firelight, you are surrounded with intimate friends. The knowledge that they are there in plain view is both stimulating and refreshing. You do not have to read them all. Most of my indoor life is spent in a room containing six thousand books: and I have a stock answer to the invariable question that comes from strangers. "Have you read all of these books?" "Some of them twice. "This reply is both true and expected.

填空题The fact this term finds its way into pop culture suggests how pervasive the mind-set of literary theory has become in our time. I have even heard a basketball coach say that his team had learned to deconstruct a zone defense. Literary theory has permeated our thinking to the point that it has defined for our times how discourse about literature, as well as about culture in general, shall proceed. Literary theory has arrived, and no student of literature can afford not to come to terms with it.

填空题______is a method of foreign or second language teaching which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities.

填空题Author____Title____ I breathed a song into the air, It fell to earth I knew not where; For who has the sight so keen and strong That can follow the flight of a song.

填空题Disappointment is the stuff bad dreams are made of, dreams of failure, inadequacy, loss of position and good repute. The essence of success is that there"s never enough of it to go around in a zero-sum game where one person"s winning must be offset by another"s losing. We have been growing up in a nation where, according to the gospel of a famous football coach, winning is not the most important thing—it is the only thing. To lose, to fail, to go under, to go broke—these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future. In a different society, your disappointment due to the final grade B might be something you could shrug away. But not in ours.

填空题MT can be divided into two types: ______and______.

填空题英译汉。(华东理工大学2006研，考试科目：翻译实践) I chanced to rise very early one particular morning this summer, and took a walk into the country to divert myself among the fields and meadows, while the green was new, and the flowers in their bloom. As at this season of the year every lane is a beautiful walk, and every hedge full of aromatic nosegays. I lost myself, with a great deal of pleasure, among several thickets and bushes that were filled with a great variety of birds, and an agreeable confusion of notes, which formed the pleasantest scene in the world to one who had passed a whole winter in noise and smoke. The freshness of the dews that lay upon everything about me, with the cool breath of the morning, which inspired the birds with so many delightful instincts, created in me the same kind of animal pleasure, and made my heart overflow with such secret emotions of joy and satisfaction as are not to be described or accounted for. I was very much pleased and astonished at the glorious show of these gay vegetables that arose in great profusion on all the banks about us. Sometimes I considered every leaf as an elaborate piece of tissue, in which the threads and fibers were woven together into different configurations, which gave a different colouring to the light as it glanced on the several parts of the surface. Sometimes I considered the whole bed of tulips, according to the notion of the greatest mathematician and philosopher that ever lived, as a multitude of optic instruments, designed for the separating light into all those various colours of which it is composed. For this reason I look upon the whole country in springtime as a spacious garden, and make as many visits to a pot of daisies or a bank of violets, as a florist does to his borders or parterres. There is not a bush in blossom within a mile of me, which I am not acquainted with, nor scarce a daffodil or tulip that withers away in my neighborhood without my missing it. I walked home in this temper of mind through several fields and meadows with an unspeakable pleasure, not without reflecting on the bounty of Providence which has made the most pleasing and most beautiful objects the most ordinary and most common.