填空题An anthropological orientation in the study of language was developed both in England and in North America at the start of the 20th century. Bronislaw Malinowski and ______ was regarded as the pioneers of this movement in England.

填空题John Bunyan, a village tinker, with his strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work______written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.

填空题Hybridity

填空题______is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a particular style of language and its context of use.

填空题Translate the following passages into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet．(北京外国语大学2010研，考试科目：翻译理论与实践)An effort on the scale of the Apollo mission that sent men to the Moon is needed if humanity is to have a fighting chance of surviving the ravages of climate change. The stakes are high, as, without sustainable growth, "billions of people will be condemned to poverty and much of civilization will collapse". This is the stark warning from the biggest single report to look at the future of the planet. According to the report, the effects of climate change are worsening—by 2025 there could be three billion people without adequate water as the population rises still further. And massive urbanization, increased encroachment on animal territory, and concentrated livestock production could trigger new pandemics.Nevertheless, there are answers to our global challenges although decisions are still not being made on the scale necessary to address them. Three great transitions would help both the world economy and its natural environment— to shift as much as possible from freshwater agriculture to saltwater agriculture: produce healthier meat without the need to grow animals: and replace gasoline cars with electric cars.(Excerpt from The Planet"s Future by Jonathan Owen)

填空题Please translate the following part into Chinese and write your Chinese version on the ANSWER SHEET．(西安交通大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语)A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England"s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has presented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb, England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles II, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685 , as the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England"s possessions through the use of what Webb calls "garrison government". Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb"s view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the "garrison" , that is, by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor"s command.

填空题Translating the following into English．(北京航空航天大学2013研，考试科目：综合英语) 首先是各种物质运动形式中的矛盾，都带特殊性.人的认识物质，就是认识物质的运动形式，因为除了运动的物质以外，世界上什么也没有，而物质的运动则必取一定的形式。对于物质的每一种运动形式，必须注意它和其他各种运动形式的共同点。但是，尤其重要的，成为我们认识事物的基础的东西，则是必须注意它的特殊点，就是说，注意它和其他运动形式的质的区别。只有注意了这一点，才有可能区别事物。任何运动形式，其内部都包含着本身特殊的矛盾。这种特殊的矛盾，就构成一事物区别于他事物的特殊的本质。这就是世界上诸种事物所以有千差万别的内在的原因，或者叫做根据。

填空题British novel came of age in_____.

填空题They vote their political hunches to protect their political hides.

填空题By far the largest portion of Emily Dickinson"s poetry concerns(5)______and(6)______.

填空题Living in ______, John sold for 500 dollars the manuscript of his mother's first work which made her famous.(poor)

填空题Today the feminist movement is more and more perceived as a fringe cause, often with overtones of lesbianism and man hating.

填空题______is an approach that stresses the relationships of elements in a sentence. It is a type of generative grammar developed by C.J. Fillmore. (中山大学2006研)

填空题______transcription should transcribe all the possible speech sounds, including the minute shades. (北二外2004研)

填空题Isabel Archer, who comes to Europe with a will to live a free life only to become the victim of two American expatriates" scheming, is the protagonist of______by ______.

填空题Please read the following passage and translate it into English． 教育是人类文明进步与繁荣的重要标志，是经济社会发展的重要动力源泉。在人类不懈奋斗、竭力前行的历史进程中，教育承担了不可替代的使命和职能，发挥了重要的作用。早在两千多年前，中国先秦时期一部经典著作《大学》这样说：“大学之道，在明德，在亲民，在止于至善。”这一教育思想与一千多年后发祥于欧洲的近代大学开启智慧，弘扬文化，传播知识的精神是相通的。千百年来这一传统薪火相传，经历了历史长河的洗礼而历久弥新，展示出蓬勃的生命力。 历史的脚步已经跨人21世纪，科学技术迅猛发展，知识经济扑面而来，人类社会面临着深刻的变革。时代赋予大学新的使命和丰富的内涵，也提出了前所未有的挑战和变革要求。

填空题He had focused upon one contemporary______of a fundamental problem, the roots of which are as deep as American history itself.(manifest)

填空题Translate the following passage into Chinese．(上海对外贸易学院2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)It was a day by itself, coming after a fortnight"s storm and rain. The sun did not shine clearly, but it spread through the clouds a tender, diffused light, crossed by level clouds-bars, which stretched to a great length, quite parallel. The tints in the sky were wonderful, every conceivable shade of blue-grey, which contrived to modulate into the golden brilliance in which the sun was veiled. I went out in the afternoon. It was too early in the year for a heavy fall of leaves, but nevertheless the garden was covered. They were washed to the sides of the roads, and lay heaped up over the road-gratings, masses of gorgeous harmonies in red, brown, and yellow. The chestnuts and acorns dropped in showers, and the patter on the gravel was a little weird. The chestnut husks split wide open when they came to the ground, revealing the polished brown of the shy fruit.The lavish, drenching, downpour in extravagant excess had been glorious. I went down to the bridge to look at the floods. The valley was a great lake, reaching to the big trees in the fields which had not yet lost the fire in their branches. The river-channel could be discerned only by the boiling of the current. It has risen above the crown of the main stone arch, and swirled and plunged underneath it. A furious backwater, repulsed from the smaller arch, aided the tumult. The wind had gone and there was perfect silence, save for the agitation of the stream, but a few steps upwards the gentle tinkle of the little runnels could be heard in their deeply-cut, dark, and narrow channels. In a few minutes they were caught up, rejoicing, in the embrace of the deep river which would carry them with it to the sea. They were safe now from being lost in the earth.

填空题______function is realized by mood and modality. (中山大学2006研)

填空题Translate the following passage into Chinese by using proper translating strategies and methods．(中南财经政法大学2009研，考试科目：语言学、文学与翻译)Future historians, I hope, will consider the American fast food industry a relic of the 20th century—a set of attitudes, systems, and beliefs that emerged from postwar southern California, that embodied its limitless faith in technology , that quickly spread across the globe, flourished briefly, and then receded, once its true costs became clear and its thinking became obsolete. We cannot ignore the meaning of mad cow. It is one more warning about unintended consequences, about human arrogance and the blind worship of science. The same mind-set that would add beef to your chicken nuggets would also feed pigs to cows. Whatever replaces the fast food industry should be regional, diverse, authentic, unpredictable, sustainable, profitable and humble. It should know its limits. People can be fed without being fattened or deceived. This new century may bring an impatience with conformity, a refusal to be kept in the dark, less greed, more compassion, less speed, more common sense, a sense of humor about brand essences and loyalties, a view of food as more than just fuel. Things don"t have to be the way they are. Despite all evidence to the contrary, I remain optimistic.