填空题Chinese composition．(北京外国语大学2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) 埃德温．根茨勒所著《当代翻译理论》(Contemporary Translation Theories)对北美翻译培训派、多元系统论、解构主义、文化转向、后殖民翻译理论等文学翻译研究的发展进行了全面的扫描。写一篇250字左右的中文作文，选择根茨勒所总结的其中一个流派，说明其对于研究英汉、汉英翻译有何意义。

填空题The American writers of the 1950s often used the psychological insights taken from the writing of the Austrian psychiatrist______and his followers.

填空题In______, Thomas More offers an ideal social system, with which people replace tyranny with______.

填空题He was elected president of the Campaign for Nuclear______in 1958.(Disarm)

填空题Our life is part of the life of the Earth, and we draw our______from it just as the plants and animals do.(nourish)

填空题P______Act refers, to the bringing about of effects on the audience by means of uttering the sentence, such effects being special to the circumstances of utterance.

填空题Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The upper term in this sense relation, i. e. the class name, is called ______, and the lower terms, the members, Hyponyms.

填空题我们熟悉的握手方式多种多样：有掌心出汗的人；有紧张得把你的手捏得生疼的人；A型气质的人总是乐呵呵地同别人握手，然后急忙停下来，又再继续握。这种多样性使我们能“感觉到”对方是个什么样的人。而我们寻求的常常是真诚。握手还可以传达敬意。对商界女性来说，握手是有影响力的。20年前，如果一个女人主动去和男人握手，通常会被认为是爱出风头。现在女人握手已经是司空见惯了，许多人反而认为旧式的“社交接吻”即使不是傲慢无理也是有背于职场惯例。

填空题Translate the passage into Chinese．(北京大学2007研，考试科目：专业能力)A strong common sense, which it is not easy to unseat or disturb, marks the English mind for a thousand years: a rude strength newly applied to thought, as of sailors and soldiers who had lately learned to read. They have no fancy, and never are surprised into a covert or witty word, such as pleased the Athenians and Italians, and was convertible into a fable not long after: but they delight in strong earthy expression, not mistakable, coarsely true to the human body, and, though spoken among princes, equally fit and welcome to the mob. This homeliness, veracity, and plain style, appear in the earliest extant works, and in the latest. It imports into songs and ballads the smell of the earth, the breath of cattle, and, like a Dutch painter, seeks a household charm, though by pails and pans. They ask their constitutional utility in verse. The kail and herrings are never out of sight. The poet nimbly recovers himself from every sally of the imagination. The English muse loves the farmyard, the lane, and market. She says, with De Stael, " I tramp in the mire with wooden shoes, whenever they would force me into the clouds. "For, the Englishman has accurate perceptions : takes hold of things by the right end, and there is no slipperiness in his grasp. He loves the axe, the spade, the oar, the gun, the steam pipe:he has built the engine he uses. He is materialist, economical, mercantile. He must be treated with sincerity and reality, with muffins, and not the promise of muffins: and prefers his hot chop, with perfect security and convenience in the eating of it, to the chances of the amplest and Frenchiest bill of fare, engraved on embossed paper. When he is intellectual, and a poet or a philosopher, he carries the same hard truth and the same keen machinery into the mental sphere. His mind must stand on a fact. He will not be baffled, or catch at clouds, but the mind must have a symbol palpable and resisting. What he relishes in Dante, is the vice-like tenacity with which he holds a mental image before the eyes, as if it were a scutcheon painted on a shield. Byron"liked something craggy to break his mind upon. "A taste for plain strong speech, what is called a biblical style, marks the English. It is in Alfred, and the Saxon Chronicle, and in the Sagas of the Northmen. Latimer was homely. Hobbes was perfect in the "noble vulgar speech. " Donne, Bunyan, Milton, Taylor, Evelyn, Pepys, Hooker, Cotton, and the translators, wrote it. How realistic or materialistic in treatment of his subject, is Swift. He describes his fictitious persons, as if for the police. Defoe has no insecurity or choice. Hudibras has the same hard mentality, keeping the truth at once to the senses, and to the intellect.It is not less seen in poetry. Chaucer"s hard painting of his Canterbury pilgrims satisfies the senses. Shakespeare, Spenser, and Milton, in their loftiest ascents, have this national grip and exactitude of mind. This mental materialism makes the value of English transcendental genius: in these writers, and in Herbert, Henry More, Donne, and Sir Thomas Browne. The Saxon materialism and narrowness, exalted into the sphere of intellect, makes the very genius of Shakespeare and Milton. When it reaches the pure element, it treads the clouds as securely as the adamant. Even in its elevations, materialistic, its poetry is common sense inspired: or iron raised to white heat.

填空题The poem______ by Samuel Taylor Coleridge literally relates how a king commands a palace to be built, but thematically suggests that a great poet has to touch hell and the unconscious in order to see into the essence of things and compose great poetry.

填空题将下列短文译为英语。(北京外国语大学2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) 无论如何，创造财富的物质资源，不论其初始分配如何，最终是要通过各种各样的渠道，流入到具有企业家精神的人手里，这是自由市场的一个基本趋势。这些人获得对他人的财富的支配权、使用权，以之为自己创造财富，并积累财富。这正是自由市场具有效率的根源。它可以动态地、自发地把资源从资源利用效率较低的人手里转移到资源利用效率较高的人手里。中国人讲“富不过三代”，其中有一些无奈，但也揭示了自由市场的精髓所在：财富本身并不能充当财富的保障。因为，财富本来就不是财富创造出来的。所以，由于企业家精神积累了财富的人的后代，未必总是能够最有效地利用他们手里所掌握的资源。如果是在身份制社会，这就将损害全社会的资源利用效率。而自由市场向这些家庭提供了足够的制度安排，使之自然地将其掌握的资源交给富有企业家精神的人控制。假如他们不愿意这样做，那市场就会无情地淘汰他们，以破产倒闭的方式使其交出对资源的控制权。市场总是顽固地要把资源转移到能力最高的企业家手里。权力控制经济的社会、身份制社会、国有企业制度，都无法做到这一点，因而其经济整体效率必然要比市场配置资源的社会低很多。所以，假如人们期望市场发挥其高效配置资源的功能，那就根本没有必要去操心成功的企业家退休之时如何安排企业的未来。反正财富、资源是要向具有企业家精神的人手里集中的，只要市场是自由的，这种趋势无人能够改变。那么，对社会来说，最重要的事情是设计种种健全的制度，让那些不具有企业家精神的人可以方便地将其资源控制交给富有企业家精神的人，而企业家只要可以充分发挥其企业家精神、其财产权得到切实保障，自然可以发现、创造出这些制度来。

填空题Translate the following passage into Chines．The world as a whole has progressed tremendously material-wise, and we are a fortunate nation in that we are leading the procession. It is, I believe, natural that nations not so fortunate should look upon us with envy. We would do the same if the positions were reserved, so we should not judge too harshly the efforts of others to equal our standard of living. In either case, the fortunate or the unfortunate character in the individual and collectively in a nation stands out. I agree that it is easier to build character under ideal conditions but cannot forget that character is also required to give as well as receive.It should be to the benefit of humanity if all individuals—and this includes myself—did a renovation or remodeling job on our own character. It may merely be a case of removing rough edges or tossing away molding to expose irregularities , in some cases to remove a prop and stand on one"s own feet. In any event if some of us set example, others will follow and the result should be good. This I believe.

填空题Our language can be used to talk about itself. This is the______function of language.（中山大学2005研)

填空题a stock exchange

填空题选择你熟悉的西方翻译理论一派，论述之。

填空题Words are divided into simple, compound and derived words on the______level.

填空题Translate the following passage into English．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2012研，考试科目：基础英语) 剪纸是中国民间一门有着近千年历史的独特艺术。它要求的材料很简单，只要有纸张和一把剪刀(或刻刀)就可以了。熟练的剪纸艺人剪纸的过程如同变魔术，他将一张红纸在手上左叠右叠，然后用剪刀轻轻地剪几下，摊开一看，就是一幅漂亮的图画。有的艺人根本不需要眼睛看，就能在袖子里剪出漂亮的图案来。剪纸是一种即兴的艺术，剪纸人无需画稿，就靠手中的一把剪刀，刀起图出，每一次剪出的都有所不同，所以它的表现力很强。 旧时人们的窗户多是纸糊的，白白的纸，显得过于单调，也不吉利。于是心灵手巧的女子就剪出红色的四喜娃娃，或者剪一只美丽的蝴蝶，贴在窗上，于是平凡的窗子便有了灵气。

填空题Keep a civil tongue in one"s head.

填空题If such figures are sustained in more detailed polling, Mr. Bush will have______in reversing sliding domestic support for war with Iraq.(success)

填空题C-E Translation．(上海交通大学2007研，考试科目：英语水平考试) 我们已经习惯了这样认识母亲：她是为我们而存在的，是属于我们的，属于父亲，婆婆，哥哥，我，以及我们的下一代。小的时候，我们习惯了母亲在灯下捏着针线，为我们缝补衣服，下班回来给我们带好吃的，去学校为我们开家长会，柔声细语地抚慰我们，擦去我们的泪水。“文革”中父亲的突然死亡，使我们看见了一个孤单无助的母亲，那是因为她把头埋在了自己的臂弯里，浑身颤抖，从那下面传出陌生的无力的抽泣声。那一刻她没有理睬我们惊恐的呼唤。那一刻，她是暂离我们而远去了，去到她一个人的世界。可不久她又回来了。为我们去单位蹲牛棚，扫厕所。真的，的确是为了我们，我当时是这样对她说的——妈妈，为了我们，你要活下去，我以为这句话能够让她不死。当时才十几岁的我，已模糊地认定母亲是不会舍下我们的，我们，就是她活在世上的全部理由。母亲果然没有随父亲而去。天长日久，我们习惯了她的憔悴、操劳，她对脾气乖戾的祖母(她的婆婆)的全力侍奉和忍让，对小孩们慈爱温和的笑。在我们心目中，这就是母亲的形象：一个终身的孝媳，贤妻，良母。 现在，我们身边和心里有了巨大的阙失。母亲把自己整个儿带走了，而我们仍在。母亲自身即是一个整体。这是我们从前很少想到的。