填空题operational norm

填空题Translate the following passage into English by using proper translating strategies and methods. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET． 互生最叫人纪念的是他做人的态度。他本来是一幅铜筋铁骨，黑皮肤衬着那一套大布之衣，看去像个乡下人。他什么苦都吃得，从不晓得享用，也像乡下人。他心里那一团火，也像乡下人。那一团火是热，是力，是光。他不爱多说话，但常常微笑；那微笑是自然的，温暖的。在他看，人是可以互相爱着的，除了一些成见已深，不愿打开窗户说亮话的。他对这些人却有些憎恶，不肯假借一点颜色。世界上只有能憎的人才能爱；爱憎没有定见，只是毫无作为的脚色。互生觉得青年成见还少，希望最多；所以愿意将自己的生命一滴不剩而献给他们，让爱的宗教在他们中间发芽滋长，让他们都走向新世界去。

填空题Translate the following sentences into English．(南京农业大学2007研，考试科目：英汉互译)全世界工业化日益发展，这就不可避免地使自然资源日趋枯竭。虽然很难计算出一个准确的数字，但可以肯定地说二十年后需水量大约要增加一倍。

填空题弱势群体

填空题国家科技进步奖

填空题According to G. Leech, ______meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. (北二外2007研)

填空题Pygmalion is one of Bernard Shaw"s popular plays, one of whose themes is identified as the relationship between language and people"s______.

填空题Turn the following passage into English．(山东师范大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语) 二十年来，我生活费中至少十分之一二是消耗在书上的。我的房子里比较贵重的东西就是书。 我一向没有对于任何问题作高深研究的野心，因之所买的书范围较广，宗教、艺术、文学、社会、哲学、历史、生物，各方面差不多都有一点。最多的是各国文学名著的译本，与本国古来的诗文集，别的门类只是些概论等类的入门书而已。 我不喜欢向别人或图书馆借书。借来的书，在我好像过不来瘾似的，必要时自己买的书才满足。这也可谓是一种占有的欲望。买到了几册新书，一册一册地加盖藏书印记，我最感到快悦的是这时候。

填空题While she is plagued by a sense of unworthiness and fascinated by the idea of silent sacrifice, self-blame, and even martyrdom, she also______for acceptance.(long)

填空题English-Chinese Translation．(上海大学2004研，考试科目：综合英语)The Rise of RealismBetween the work of Hawthorne and Melville, the major novelists of the 1850s, and the work of Twain, James and Howells, the major novelists of the last quarter of the century, falls the shadow of the American Civil War(1861 -1865). In his famous Gettysburg address Abraham Lincoln described the conflict in terms of epic simplicity:Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers set forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether this nation, or any other nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. In the event, the war showed that the nation could endure—but only in a permanently changed and, in some respects, a deeply scarred form.The result of the Civil War was not just the triumph of the abolitionists over the slave-owners. It was also the triumph of the industrial North over the agrarian South. Despite the much-vaunted program of" Reconstruction" , the Southern states long remained ravaged and dispirited territory: the war left a legacy of bitterness that has not yet disappeared from American politics. In the North, on the other hand, the aftermath of war brought financial boom. The North"s prosperity was increased by rapid mechanization and industrialization, its population swelled by new influxes of foreign immigrants. To contemporary observers cities like Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Chicago presented a double image. On the surface there was elegance, security and comfort: but underneath there was all the seething discontent which accompanies the growth of any modern industrial society.

填空题______, born in 1 928, is all American linguist, educator, and political activist. He is the founder of transformational-generative grammar, a system that revolutionized modem linguistics.(北京邮电大学2010研)

填空题In the Phases IV of CALL Development, instead of writing specific programs for language teaching, ______has adapted to language teaching by enabling students to compose and try out their own writings in a non-permanent form.

填空题Translate the following passage from English into Chinese．(北京科技大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语)The object of this essay is to assert one very simple principle as entitled to govern absolutely the dealings of society with the individual in the way of compulsion and control, whether the means used be physical force in the form of legal penalties, or the moral coercion of public opinion. That principle is, that the sole end for which mankind is warranted , individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection. That the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant. He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so, because it will make him happier, because, in the opinions of others, to do so would be wise, or even right. These are good reasons for remonstrating with him, or reasoning with him, or persuading him, but not for compelling him, or visiting him with any evil in case he do otherwise. To justify that, the conduct from which it is desired to deter him must be calculated to produce evil to someone else. The only part of the conduct for anyone, for which he is amenable to society, is that which concerns others. In the part which merely concerns himself, his dependence is, of right, absolute. Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign.

填空题Translation from English into Chinese．(河海大学2008研，考试科目：基础英语)Philosophy teaches us to feel uncertain about the things that seem to us self-evident. Propaganda, on the other hand, teaches us to accept as self-evident matters about which it would be reasonable to suspend our judgment or to feel doubt. The propagandist must therefore be consistently dogmatic. All his statements are made without qualification.

填空题找遍了化学书，在炭气、氧气以至于氯气之外，你看不到俗气的。这是比任何气体更稀淡、更微茫，超出于五官感觉之上的一种气体，只有在文艺里和社交里才能碰见。文艺里和社交里还有许多旁的气也是化学所不谈的，例如寒酸气、泥土气。不过，这许多气都没有俗气那样难捉摸：因为它们本身虽然是超越感觉的，它们的名字却是藉感觉中的事物来比方着，象征着；每一个比喻或象征都无形中包含一个类比推理(analogy)，所以，顾名思义，你还有线索可求。说到酸气，你立刻联想着山西或镇江的老醋；说起泥土气，你就记忆到夏雨初晴，青草池塘四周围氤氲着的气息。但是俗气呢?不幸得很，“气”已是够空虚的了，“俗”比“气”更抽象! 选自钱钟书《论俗气》

填空题Translate the following passage into Chinese．(郑州大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语)But what did Lincoln believe in his heart? He belonged to no denomination. Some historians consider that his inherited Calvinism was finally consecrated at Gettysburg. Biographer Allen C. Guelzo offers as balanced an analysis as is possible at this distance. Lincoln acknowledged " a Creator of all things, who had neither beginning nor end, " and viewed Jesus Christ as the redeemer of the world. And yet, he could not quite come "the whole way to belief". Acquainted with anguish, given to periods of private depression masked by public confidence, Lincoln would never escape a kind of fatalism. It precluded full acceptance of a personal relationship with a God who directed individual lives. As Guelzo writes, "Lincoln often wished that " I was a more devout man than I am. " "If be lacked the certitude of his mother"s beliefs, or his stepmother"s, nonetheless, he must have been sustained by their example. They provided for him a framework of faith to endure the nation"s greatest trial.

填空题Translate the following into English．(上海外国语大学2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) 千万不要被“忽悠”了 (谨防新时期的“糖衣炮弹”) 去年，美国时任财政部长的汉克?保尔森曾恭维中国说，“中国已经是全球经济领袖之一”。此后，美英两国媒体在这方面做了不少文章。美国《时代》周刊在年初一期杂志的封面上，以显赫的大字宣称：“中国：一个新王朝的开始”。2007年1月，英国伦敦皇家国际问题研究所所长维克托?托马斯意味深长地发表文章，提醒世界注意：《2020年，世界将有中美两个超级大国》，而且要求中国同美国一样，“把责任扩大到整个地球”。5月下旬，美国一些媒体大量报道美国世界意见调查机构最近对十几个国家进行的所谓“世界民意调查”，认为“中国经济将超过美国”，而且说得有鼻子有眼，时间大概就在2020年；并挑逗中国人说，你们怎么“对自己的经济还没有美国人有信心”呢? 尤其值得注意的是，5月中旬，美国中央情报局公布了一份“世界数字”报告，按美国所谓“实际购买力”估算，突出宣传在世界各国国内生产总值方面，中国仅排在美国之后，遥遥领先于第三的日本。报告还“分析”说，如果按2006年一年间美中两国距离缩小近3％的比例算，“中国只需要两年就能超过美国，在2009年内成为世界上实际的第一经济大国”。说得多么有根有据，多么娓娓动听而又发人深思! 所谓中国很快就要赶超美国的论调，实际上是新时期的一颗“糖衣炮弹”，是“中国威胁论”的变种。它一是要引起西方、特别是美国的惊恐，从根本上感到“中国的威胁”和挑战，从而动员“遏制中国的势力”。二是要刺激中国某些人的浮躁情绪和简单的“大国心态”，麻痹忧患意识。这是更阴险的一招，而且更具“魅力”。我们不能“以小人之心，度君子之腹”，但也千万不要被“忽悠”了，不可不学会一点“以君子之心度小人之腹”。

填空题But it is part of an artist"s job to break crusts, or let us say rather that artists who work for the public and not merely for themselves are interested in breaking crusts because they want to communicate their intuitions.

填空题Translating the following into Chinese．(北京航空航天大学2013研，考试科目：综合英语)How is it that we have moved so far from everyday prose? Social critics might trace this back to the demise of letter writing. The details of housekeeping and child rearing, the rigors of life and work, advice to friends and family: none was slated for publication. They were communications that gave shape to life by describing it for others.But as the letter fell out of favor and education became professionalized, with its goal less the expansion of the mind than the acquisition of a job, writing began to be seen largely as the purview of writers. Writing at work also became so stylistically removed from the story of our lives that the two seemed to have nothing in common.The age of technology has both revived the use of writing and provided ever more reasons for its spiritual solace. E-mails are letters, after all, more lasting than phone calls, even if many of them are too cursory for you. And the physical isolation they and other arms-length cyber-advances create makes talking to yourself more important than ever. That"s also what writing is: not just a legacy, but therapy. As the novelist Don DeLillo once said, " Writing is a form of personal freedom. It frees us from the mass identity we see in the making all around us. "

填空题Fill the blanks in the following sentences with appropriate adverbs or prepositions;(10 points)A soft sea breeze set ______ at midnight.