填空题Ever since Milton Friedman"s address to the American Economic Association in 1968 and the ensuing theoretical work by Robert Lucas and others in the 1970s, the rising long-term inflation expectations have inexorably led to higher inflation. 【K1】______This summer the European Central Bank followed through with a rate hike. In the US, the Federal Reserve is nervously eyeing the latest jumps in producer and consumer prices. Evidence of long-term inflation expectations can be gleaned from breakeven inflation rates on index-linked bonds. Surveys of consumers suggest their expectations for inflation have risen as well. For example, the University of Michigan asks Americans where they think inflation will be over the next 5-10 years. Two years ago they said it would be 2. 9 per cent. Earlier this summer the tally spiked to a more worrisome 3. 4 per cent. Soaring prices for energy and food are mostly to blame. However, as Friedman pointed out, inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon. The central question is not about inflation expectations. Nor is it about commodity prices, however quickly they may be rising. 【K2】______That is where the story gets more complicated. Are monetary conditions easy? Is there spare capacity? In the US, slack is appearing in the economy, as seen in rising unemployment, now up to 5. 7 per cent. Negative real interest rates suggest monetary conditions are easy. But the Fed"s own surveys suggest that bankers are less willing to lend; consumers less willing to borrow. Low real interest rates are a manifestation of economic and financial malaise, not excessive monetary accommodation. 【K3】______. So, what are we to make of higher inflation expectations in the US and western Europe? Investors and households seem to believe energy and food prices will continue to rise. But will other prices and wages automatically follow suit? 【K4】______Perhaps that is why consumer confidence has plummeted on both sides of the Atlantic. In short, households may say they expect higher inflation, but there is little they can do about it. The reality is they are experiencing falling real incomes and pinched balance sheets. That is hardly the stuff of overheating. The Friedman-Lucas emphasis on inflation expectations was a model suited to different times. Central bankers no longer try to ramp growth by springing inflation surprises on unwitting workers. Unionization has declined, automatic cost-of-living adjustments are rare, globalization has reduced pricing power for most companies and bargaining power for most workers. Today, advanced economies are confronted with stagnating growth, collapsing housing markets, slowing world trade, stressed financial systems, and weak household balance sheets. This is not the 1970s. 【K5】______We should therefore be skeptical of the case for tighter monetary policies based on models developed in, and better suited for, a bygone era. Choose the following sentences marked A to E to complete the above article. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. A. Altogether, the case for accelerating US inflation looks weak in the face of below-trend growth and stuttering credit conditions B. Broad-based price and wage inflation is unlikely today C. And so, dutifully, central bankers in the US, UK, euro-zone and even in some emerging economies have spoken reproachfully in recent months about signs that inflation expectations are moving up D. Rather, inflation is determined by the interplay between monetary conditions and capacity in the economy to grow without pushing most prices higher E. Stagnating growth and tighter credit conditions suggest the opposite

填空题Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformifnecessary.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.

填空题Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So the only alternative is work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.

填空题Paraphrase the underlined idiomatic expressions in the following sentences.(5 x2=10 points) When she left her parents, she felt the pinch .

填空题Translate the following passage into English．Write your translation on the Answer Sheet． 在中国，笔、墨、纸、砚(ink slab)，就是人们所说的“文房(the study)四宝”，在中华文明的传承中起了重要作用。作为文化艺术工具，以其独特性能催生了汉字特有的书法艺术，也促使中国画形成了独特的风格。文房四宝不仅有实用价值，它们本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐步成为收藏品。文房四宝品类繁多，丰富多彩，选材制作不断趋于完善、精美，历代都有名品、名匠产生，成为一种深厚的文化积淀。 在当今时代，使用笔、墨、纸、砚进行学习、写作的人越来越少了，但是，在中国的书法、绘画、收藏以及修身养性活动中，它们仍起着不可替代的作用。

填空题Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2010研，考试科目：基础英语)Although art historians have spent decades demystifying Van Gogh"s legend, they have done little to diminish his vast popularity. Auction prices still soar, visitors overpopulate Van Gogh exhibitions, and The Starry Night remains ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls. So complete is Van Gogh"s global apotheosis that Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to Auvers to sprinkle their relatives" ashes on his grave. What accounts for the endless appeal of the Van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources. At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with Van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly simplistic conception of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artists" painstaking calculations, but of the naive and spontaneous outpourings of a mad, holy fool.* ubiquitous: existing or found everywhere* apotheosis: the raising of a person to the highest possible honour and glory

填空题Translate the following passage into English．(南开大学2011年研，考试科目：专业英语) 究竟是结婚的好，还是不结婚的好?这问题似乎同先有鸡呢还是先有鸡蛋一样，常常有提起，而也常常没有人解决过的问题。照大体看来，想租房子的时候，是无眷莫问的，想做官的时候，又是朝里无裙莫做官的。想写文章的时候，是独身者又是不能写我的妻的。凡此种种似乎都是结婚的好。可是要想结婚，第一要有钱，第二要有闲，第三要有职，这些条件却也不容易办到。

填空题Translate the following into English．(湖南大学2007研，考试科目：英语语言文学专业基础) 有“西部的哈佛”之誉的斯坦福大学10月又爆出大新闻：该校物理系华裔教授朱棣文因发明激光冷却原子技术，而与美法的另两位科学家共同荣获今年诺贝尔物理奖。获奖第二天，朱棣文应全美及海外中文媒体之邀举行了记者招待会。出生在美国的朱棣文自然拥有美国国籍，不过他在记者会上表示：“按照科学术语的说法，我身上100％是中国人的基因”。当然从小置身于美国社会，朱棣文早已是个很“美国化”的科学家。他的谈吐充满自信，幽默风趣，给人既温文尔雅又轻松活泼的印象。他的幽默在几次记者会与庆祝聚会中表露无遗，令中外媒体的记者与斯大的青年学子们为之倾倒。获奖消息披露的当天，一连串的校系间的记者会，香槟庆典和受访及陪同人们参观实验室，中途仍去为学生上了一堂课。他说，“得奖当然是一种肯定，但对我没有太大影响，我还是昨天的我。”

填空题For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed.

填空题Author______Title______ The store in which the Justice of the Peace"s court was sitting smelled of cheese. The boy, crouched on his nail keg at the back of the crowded room, knew he smelled cheese, and more: from where he sat could see the ranked shelves close-packed with the solid, squat, dynamic shapes of tin cans whose labels his stomach read, not from the lettering which meant nothing to his mind...

填空题______is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology.（南开大学2007研)

填空题Chinese-English Summary Translation．Write a summary of the following essay in about 200 English words．(天津外国语大学2013研，考试科目：英语语言文学) 作为文化事件的“于丹被轰” 肖鹰 作为一个被媒体和市场联手打造的文化符号，“国学超女于丹”这两年来多少有些沉寂。然而，11月17日在北大百年大讲堂举办的一场昆曲商演上，发生的于丹被观众轰下台一事，又将于丹推到了公众视线的焦点上。 关于此事，已有现场视频流传于网络，情形是简单明白的：当昆曲节目表演结束，进入谢幕时，以10位昆曲界著名艺术家伫立作背景，主持人请于丹上台讲话，身着超短裙、黑色长丝袜和超高跟鞋的于丹在观众喝倒彩声中走上舞台。当于丹在接受台上一位老艺术家献花之后开始讲话说“我先代表大家……”时，有观众喊出“于丹下去”，并且得到其他多位观众的呼应，于丹只得放弃讲话，退到后台并悄然下台。 我以为，这是一个文化利好事件，至少可概括出三点。 首先是对于丹教授的利好。 于丹现为北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院副院长、教授，虽然出身于文学硕士，但长期从事的是媒体策划及相关教学，2007年在央视百家讲坛讲《论语》成名后，就在国内文化市场以“国学专家(大师)”的招牌行市。于丹之所以能暴得大名，一方面来自于她以媒体中人的敏感捕捉到了当时受众的普遍心理需要，并以简洁明快的演讲方式予以灌输，另一方面是，她由中国受众最广的媒体央视捧出。 以“国学”行市，于丹无论从知识层面，还是从精神层面，都有难以弥补的局限。她声称自己四岁读《论语》，但对《论语》的解说错误百出，而讲《庄子》更是臆断妄议，基本文理不通。讲点实在话，于丹讲国学，犹如没有根底的票友在“曲苑杂坛”里充大师。 成名后的于丹，并没有自我反省，或扬长避短，而是在与媒体与市场的合谋中随行就市，高调扮演文化市场的“国学符号”。市场将她作为一个现成的招牌利用，而她自己则自甘做万用的狗皮膏药，任人招贴。这次在北大被轰下舞台，无疑是包括北大学生在内的现场观众给了缺少自制的于丹教授一个当头棒喝，重重地提醒她：自知、自明、自制、自检。如果于丹教授从中获得教训，对于她未来的发展，将是有益的事情。 其次是对北大优秀传统的利好。 北大的优秀传统是蔡元培先生掌校时培植的“兼容并包”。“兼容并包”，是在学术独立、思想自由的前提下，允许差异，鼓励多元，从而创造丰富而有生气的学术空间。因此，在元培先生治下，北大为风格迥异、观点差异甚至立场冲突的胡适、鲁迅、辜鸿铭、黄侃等学术大师提供了自由空间。“兼容并包”无疑是北大之成为世人心目中之北大的始基。但“兼容并包”并非良莠不分、清浊不辨，更不是阿谀逢迎、同流合污。相反，是有原则、有格调、有情操的。我们回顾北大历史，就可看到学术大师们为了追求真理和理想而不妥协的斗争。 中国的传统精神中，儒家精神凝聚于“诚”，道家精神凝聚于“真”。于丹的市场国学，除其基本知识缺陷外，更根本的是缺失真正学者必具的“诚”和“真”。这两三年来，公众慢慢厌弃于丹，评价她最普遍的一个字就是“装”。包括北大学生在内的现场观众在于丹未开口前就抵制她，直至把她轰下台，根本原因还不是于丹以昆曲外行来扮演专家角色，而是公开抵制这个“装”的于丹。观众此举，不是拒绝差异和多元，而是要抵制于丹所代表的市场的虚伪和流俗对严肃文化的欺凌。 再次是对营造健康文化空间的利好。 一个健康的文化空间，应多元并存，因此构成文化的丰富多样性。一个健康的文化空间，在根本意义上，始终存在着高雅文化与通俗文化的矛盾，而在市场经济环境下，必然存在着市场价值和文化价值的冲突。从文化传承和创新发展的意义上，保持经典艺术的纯正性、追求高雅艺术品位，是以高雅文化为载体的文化建设的应有之义。 昆曲艺术，虽然源于民间，但数百年间经历代文人、艺术家的创新提炼，已结晶为一种具有世界文化遗产意义的高雅艺术。作为高雅艺术，昆曲具有它不容毁损玷污的格调、品位，因此演出和观看，都具有严格的仪式意义。坚守其格调、品位和仪式意义，从文化学的深层意义讲，就是坚守文化自身的内在价值和纯正性。 于丹作为一个文化符号，代表的是市场流行文化，她出席这次昆曲演出的着装明显轻佻而不合场景，观众(戏迷)对她的抵制，实质上是高雅艺术对流行文化所依凭的商业权势的抵制。正如许多网民指出的，无论这次昆曲的演出地北大，还是当晚现场，真正的昆曲研究专家，诚心真意热爱昆曲艺术的学者多不胜举，为什么主办方偏偏就要把一个高度市场化的“于丹”商标贴在这场大家荟萃的高雅艺术演出上呢? 根本原因是这些年来，市场经济快速扩张，引导了流行文化的过度发展，乃至于作为流行文化符号的若干明星同时也成了高雅文化的代言人，这实质上是流行文化对高雅文化的侵蚀。而高雅文化流行化，是2000年以来中国文化的普遍状态。正是在这个状态下，主办方才将“于丹”引用为这场高端昆曲专业演出的“总结性”符号。现场观众抵制流行文化的商业符号“于丹”，就是高雅文化重新对流行文化说“不”。 “于丹被轰”作为一个文化事件，是开启高雅文化自我重申的一个契机。 (作者系清华大学哲学系教授，原载《东方早报》2012年11月20日)

填空题Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote____, which has been called "the Manifesto of American Transcendentalism," and_____, which has been regarded as America"s "Declaration of Intellectual Independence".

填空题The Germans had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields.

填空题Translate the following passage into Chinese．(中国地质大学2006研，考试科目：翻译与写作)Modern intolerance is divided into three parts: the intolerance of laziness, the intolerance of ignorance and the intolerance of self-interest.The first of these is perhaps the most general. It is to be met with in every country and among all classes of society. It is most common in small villages and old-established towns, and it is not restricted to human beings.It is this variety of intolerance which makes parents shake their heads over the foolish behavior of their children: which has caused the absurd myth of "the good old days" : which makes savages and civilized creatures wear uncomfortable clothes: which fills the world with a great deal of superfluous nonsense and generally turns all people with a new idea into the supposed enemies of mankind.The second variety is much more serious.An ignorant man is, by the very fact of his ignorance, a very dangerous person. But when he tries to invent an excuse for his own lack of mental faculties, he becomes a terror. For then he erects within his soul a granite bulwark(花岗岩的堡垒)of self-righteousness and from the high pinnacle of this formidable fortress, he defies all his enemies to show cause why they should be allowed to live.People suffering from this particular affliction are both uncharitable and mean. Because they live constantly in a state of fear, they easily turn to cruelty and love to torture those against whom they have a grievance.There remains as a third category the intolerance caused by self-interest. This, of course, is really a variety of jealousy and as common as the measles.When we attempt to discuss intolerance, we must constantly remember that we have to deal with a very complicated problem. Only upon very rare occasions do we find ourselves confronted with only one manifestation of these three separate forms of intolerance. Most frequently we can discover traces of all three varieties in the cases of perse-cution which are brought to our attention.

填空题不劳而获

填空题Author______Title______ What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think. This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness. It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

填空题Translate the passages into English．(北京大学2007研，考试科目：专业能力)笑是最流动、最迅速的表情，从眼睛里泛到口角边。笑的确可以说是人面上的电光，眼睛忽然增添了明亮，唇吻间闪烁着牙齿的光芒。我们不能扣留住闪电来代替高悬普照的太阳和月亮，所以我们也不能把笑变为一个固定的、集体的表情。经提倡而产生的幽默，一定是矫揉造作的幽默。幽默不能提倡，也是为此。一经提倡，自然流露的弄成模仿的，变化不拘的弄成刻板的。这种幽默本身就是幽默的资料，这种笑本身就可笑。一个真有幽默的人别有会心，欣然独笑，冷然微笑，替沉闷的人生透一口气。 选自钱钟书《说笑》(有删节)

填空题Author____Title____ Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice.

填空题Author______Title______ When the correspondent again opened his eyes, the sea and the sky were each of the gray hue of the dawning. Later, carmine and gold was painted upon the waters. The morning appeared finally, in its splendor with a sky of pure blue, and the sunlight flamed on the tips of the waves.