B英译汉/B

THE case of Private Bradley Manning, convicted this week by a military court of leaking secrets to the WikiLeaks website and now facing up to 136 years in jail, looks as if it might be the high-water mark of America"s zealous security culture. It certainly ought to be. After the attacks of September 11th 2001, George Bush tipped the balance too far from liberty towards security, and it has stayed there under Barack Obama. As Mr Manning awaits his sentence, Edward Snowden, a contractor for the American intelligence services, was reported on August 1st to have gone to Russia, where he has been offered a year"s temporary asylum. He had set out to shed light on the warrantless warehousing by the National Security Agency(NSA)of private data belonging to millions of American citizens, possibly in breach of the Patriot Act and the Fourth Amendment. His revelations continued this week. Meanwhile the Obama administration has seized journalists" telephone records and pursued leakers with a legal sledgehammer. Neither Mr. Snowden nor Mr. Manning is a perfect ambassador for a more liberal approach. Both broke the law by revealing secrets they were under oath to keep. America"s spying agencies cannot function if their employees squawk—and, when "mass leaking" has become politically fashionable and technically feasible, deterrents are needed. Mr. Manning"s public-interest defence is especially thin: he leaked over 700,000 files with little judgment about what harm or good this would do. Mr. Snowden"s initial disclosure was selective, but his flight to Hong Kong and Russia was damaging, and he has ended up disclosing secrets about how America spies on China. America is right to want to put him on trial, like Mr. Manning. But both men also show how America still leans too far towards security over liberty. Every intelligence service will impinge on individual liberties—and America"s has succeeded in its main job: to prevent attacks. But every democracy also needs to keep those impingements in check and to hold its spies to account. Of all the world"s democracies, the one that should best understand this tension is the United States. Its constitution rests on the notion that the people in charge are fallible. As Mr. Manning waits to hear the judge"s sentence, it is time to remember that.

magnetic suspension train

social fairness and justice

The general use of speech is to transfer our mental discourse into verbal, or the train of our thoughts into a train of words, and that for two commodities; whereof one is the registering of the consequences of our thoughts, which being apt to slip out of our memory and put us to a new labor, may again be recalled by such words as they were marked by. So that the first use of names is to serve for marks or notes of remembrance. Another is when many use the same words to signify, by their connexion and order one to another, what they conceive or think of each matter; and also what they desire, fear, or have any other passion for. And for this use they are called signs. Special uses of speech are these: first, to register what by cogitation we find to be the cause of anything, present or past; and what we find things present or past may produce, or effect; which, in sum, is acquiring of arts. Secondly, to show to others that knowledge which we have attained; which is to counsel and teach one another. Thirdly, to make known to others our wills and purposes that we may have the mutual help of one another. Fourthly, to please and delight ourselves, and others, by playing with our words, for pleasure or ornament, innocently.

ecological red line

organic pollutants

Learning City

事业编制

In each numbered line of the following passage, there is an extra word. Identify the word and write it down on your Answer Sheet. You need not look for any error in the unnumbered line.(10 points) One of the technical means which the modern employer uses in order to【R11】secure to the greatest possible amount of work from his men is the device of【R12】piece-rates. In agriculture, for instance, the gathering up of the harvest is a case,【R13】where to the greatest possible intensity of labour is called for, since, the weather【R14】being uncertain, the difference between high profit and the heavy loss may【R15】depend on the speed with which on the harvesting can be done. Hence a system【R16】of piece-rates is being almost universal in this case. And since the interest of the【R17】employer in that a speeding-up of harvesting increases with the increase of the【R18】results and the intensity of the work, the attempt which has again and again been【R19】made, by increasing the piece-rates of the workmen, thereby giving them up【R20】an opportunity to earn more what is for them a very high wage, to interest them in increasing their own efficiency.

alternative energy

FTA

雾霾

农历

barriers to entry

Golden Apple

Since the early work of Halberg(1960), the existence of human "circadian rhythms" has been well-known to biologists and psychologists. Circadian rhythms dictate that there are certain times of the day when we are at our best both physically and psychologically. At its simplest, the majority of us feel more alive and creative in the mornings, while come the evenings we are fit only for collapsing with a good book or in front of the television. Other of us note that in the morning we take a great deal of time to get going physically and mentally, but by the evening are full of energy and bright ideas, while a very few of us feel most alert and vigorous in the late afternoon. Irrespective of our personal rhythms, most of us have a productive period between 10:00 a. m. and noon, when the stomach, pancreas, spleen and heart all appear to be in their most active phases. Conversely, the majority of us experience a low period in the hour or two after lunch(a time when people in some societies sensibly take a rest), as most of our energy is devoted to the process of digestion. The. simple rules here are; don't waste too much prime time having a coffee break around 11:00 a. m. when you should be doing some of your best work, and don't make the after-lunch period even less productive by overloading your digestion. A short coffee or tea break is, in fact, best taken on arrival at the office, when it helps us start the day in a positive mood, rather than mid-morning when it interrupts the flow of our activities. Lunch is best taken early, when we are just beginning to feel hungry, and we are likely to eat less than if we leave it until later. An early lunch also means that we can get back into our productive stride earlier in the afternoon. Changes in one's attitude can also enhance personal time management. For example, the notion of pro-action is eminently preferable to reaction. To pro-act means to anticipate events and be in a position to take appropriate action as soon as the right moment arrives. To react, on the other hand, means to have little anticipation and do something only when events force you to do so. Pro-actors tend to be the people who are always one step ahead of other people, who always seem to be in the right place at the right time, and who are always better informed than anyone else. Many of us like an easy life, and so we tend to be reactors. This means, that we aren't alert to the challenges and opportunities coming our way, with the consequence that challenges bother us or opportunities pass us by before we're even properly aware they're upon us. We can train ourselves in pro-action by regularly taking the time to sit down and appraise the likely immediate future, just as we sit down and review the immediate past. Psychologists recognize that we differ in the way in which we characteristically attribute responsibility for the various things that happen to us in life. One of the ways in which we do this is known as locus of control(Weiner, 1979), which refers to assigning responsibility. At its simplest, some individuals have a predominantly external locus of control, attributing responsibility to outside causes(for example, the faults of others or the help given by them), while with other individuals the locus of control is predominantly internal, in which responsibility is attributed to oneself(for example, one's own abilities or lack of them, hard work, etc). However, the picture usually isn't as simple as this. Many people's locus of control is more likely to be specific to a particular situation, for example internal in certain areas, such as their social lives, and external in others, such as their working lives. Or, to take another example, they may attribute certain kinds of results to themselves, such as their successes, and certain kinds of results to other people, such as their failures. Obviously the best kind of locus of control is one that is realistic and able to attribute every effect to its appropriate cause, and this is particularly important when it comes to time management. Certainly, there are occasions when other people are more responsible for our time loss than we are, but for most of us, and for most of the time, the blame must fall fairly and squarely upon ourselves.

Once we thought of pollution【C1】______meaning simply smog—the choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is still the most dangerous, is only one type of【C2】______among several which attack the most basic life functions. Through the controlled use of【C3】______, man has polluted the land, killing the【C4】______. By dumping sewage and chemicals【C5】______rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our drinking water. We are polluting the oceans, too, killing the fish and thereby depriving ourselves of an【C6】______food supply. 【C7】______of the problem is our exploding population. More and more people【C8】______more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our "throw-away" technology. Each year Americans dispose of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper, 25 millions pounds of toothpaste【C9】______and 48 million cans. We throw away bum wrappers, newspapers, and paper【C10】______. It is no longer fashionable to reuse anything. Today almost everything is disposable. Instead of repairing a toaster or a radio, it is【C11】______and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the old, even though 95 percent of its parts may still be【C12】______. Baby diapers, which used to be made of【C13】______cloth, are now paper throw-away. 【C14】______we will wear clothing made of paper; "Wear it once and throw it away. " will be the slogan of the fashion conscious. Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? 【C15】______, solutions are insight. A few of them are positively ingenious.A. Soon B. wildlife C. functioning D. as E. invaluableF. plates G. Fortunately H. Part I. insecticides J. produceK. into L. reusable M. tubes N. contamination O. easier

fiscal cliff

模拟国际会议口译