填空题Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances)as______and ______. The former refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing.（人大2006研)

填空题The syllable structure in Chinese is______or______or______. (清华2000研)

填空题Well now. I"ll spell it out .

填空题Translate the following passage into Chinese．(上海对外贸易学院2006研，考试科目：翻译与写作)I left the woods for as good a reason as I went there. Perhaps it seemed to me that I had several more lives to live, and could not spare any more time for that one. It is remarkable how easily and insensibly we fall into a particular route, and make a beaten track for ourselves...The surface of the earth is soft and impressible by the feet of men: and so with the paths which the mind travels. How worn and dusty, then, must be the Highways of the world, how deep the ruts(车辙)of tradition and conformity! I did not wish to take a cabin passage, but rather to go before the mast(桅杆)and on the deck(甲板)of the world, for there I could best see the moonlight amid the mountains. I do not wish to go below now.I learned this, at least, by my experiment: that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours. He will put some things behind, will pass an invisible boundary: new, universal, and more liberal laws will begin to establish themselves around and within him: or the old laws be expanded, and interpreted in his favor in a more liberal sense, and he will live with the license of a higher order of beings. In proportion as he simplifies his life, the laws of the universe will appear less complex, and solitude will not be solitude, nor poverty poverty, nor weakness weakness. If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost: that is where they should be.

填空题A ______ is a typical instance of a category, and other elements are assimilated to the category on the basis of their perceived resemblance to the prototype.

填空题open economy

填空题Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the______attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.

填空题Translate the following passage into English．(南开大学2010研，考试科目：专业英语) 教育的功用就在顺应人类求知、想好、爱美的天性，使一个人在这三方面得到最大限度的调和的发展。以达到完美的生活。教育的目的在启发人性中所固有求知、想好、爱美的本能，使它们尽量伸展。中国儒家的最高的人生理想是“尽性”。他们说：“能尽人之性则能尽物之性，能尽物之性则可以赞天地之化育。”

填空题Author______Title He felt that his luck was better than usual today. When he had reported for work that morning he had expected to be shut up in the relief office at a clerk"s job, for he had been hired downtown as a clerk, and he was glad to have, instead, the freedom of the streets and welcomed, at least at first, the vigor of the cold and even the blowing of the hard wind. But on the other hand he was not getting on with the distribution of the checks. It was true that it was a city job; nobody expected you to push too hard at a city job.

填空题Translate the following two paragraphs from English into Chinese．(北科技大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语)Aside from Charles Darwin, most students of animal behavior in the past believed that animals didn"t have emotions—or that if they did, we"d never know. Over the years, the belief hardened into dogma. Then, in the mid-60s, came Jane Goodall. Since she had little scientific training, she had never been indoctrinated with behaviorist theory. "But I"d had this amazing teacher my whole life, "she says. That would be Rusty, a little black mongrel who lived at a hotel in her childhood neighborhood. "He went everywhere with me, and he didn"t even belong to me, "she says. "At the hotel he was disobedient, but he was beautifully behaved and sensitive with me. Of course, I thought animals had emotions, personalities, minds, How could I not?" Goodall unknowingly rebelled against standard scientific practices in the wilds of Africa, giving her chimps names instead of impersonal numbers and describing their behavior with words like "joy", "depression" and "grief". The dens at Cambridge University rolled their eyes, but her studies were ultimately irrefutable. They might never have happened, Goodall notes, if she hadn"t preferred Rusty to "the scientific treadmill".

填空题William ______based his poetic theory on the principle that " all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of______".

填空题I______ is the approximate linguistic system that a second language learner constructs, which represents the learner"s transitional competence in the target language.

填空题The most famous American Enlightenment figures are(1),(2), and(3), among whom(4)"s book(5)precipitated the American War of Independence.

填空题It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of these revolting buildings.

填空题Translate the following passage into Chinese．(南开大学2011年研，考试科目：专业英语)In the 1950s and 1960s, Mr. Chabrol was one of a handful of up-and-coming French filmmakers, who challenged moviemaking conventions and were collectively known as the French New Wave. In a career spanning more than a half-century, Mr. Chabrol made more than 55 feature films, including his most recent, " Bellamy, " a 2009 murder mystery starring Gerard Departdieu. Less overtly political and mind-bendingly experimental than his counterparts , Mr. Chabrol was best known for mastering the art of suspense and for sardonically highlighting, the desperation and violence beneath the placid facade of bourgeois life." If one sentence or phrase could sum up ChabroFs view of the middle class world, it"s that the world is all full of rules, correctness and etiquette...and just below the surface there is horror and chaos, " said film scholar David Sterritt. "He was making movies that were marvelously entertaining and still had that edge, that twist—" I"m making you smile, you in the audience, but at the same time I"m skewering exactly the kind of life that you and I lead as proper middle class people.""

填空题Paraphrase the following sentences.(10x2% =20%)The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.

填空题One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for "language", which is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking, listening, writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.

填空题The Romantic period in American literature stretches from(3)to(4)

填空题The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by______. (中山大学2008研)

填空题English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学2011研，考试科目：写作翻译)Torcello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing from Venice. Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts: all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with early mosaics-scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna: Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors have acquired it. They wander into the church and look round aimlessly. They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila. They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed to see in bloom and which for a day have scented the whole island. As soon as they are picked the roses fade and are thrown into the canal. The Americans visit the inn to eat or drink something. The English declare that they can"t afford to do this. They take food which they have brought with them into the vineyard and I am sorry to say leave the devil of a mess behind them. Every Thursday Germans come up the towpath, marching as to war, with a Leader. There is a standing order for fifty luncheons at the inn:while they eat the Leader lectures them through a megaphone. After luncheon they march into the cathedral and undergo another lecture. They, at least, know what they are seeing. Then they march back to their boat. They are tidy: they leave no litter.