You have just spent a weekend staying at the Lilo Hotel in Adelaide. When you got home you found that you had left a bag at the hotel. Write to the manager of the hotel: 1) giving any relevant information about the bag and its contents, 2) asking the manager to contact you immediately if the bag is found and 3) telling him/her how the bag can be sent to you. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

In the early 1800s, groups of English workers wrecked machines that they felt threatened their jobs. (46) They were called "Luddites" after one of their leaders, a term that is now used for anyone who puts up resistance to new technologies. (47) The odd thing about nanotechnology"s Luddites is that they have started resisting before the technology has really established itself. As people start to buy products involving nanotechnology, from odour-resistant shirts to window glass that repels dirt, they will realise that many of these new things are useful and harmless. And as awareness of nanotechnology grows, they will begin to understand that it covers a range of different ways of doing things, some of which carry some risk and others do not. As a result, the technology"s detractors will probably become more nuanced in their complaints. Nanotechnology has the potential to cause an industrial upheaval, just as electricity did in its time. (48) Like electricity, though, it has so many and such diverse applications that it is unlikely to arrive in one huge wave, as nanotechnology"s critics fear. In stead, there will be a series of smaller waves. (49) Many of the innovations the technology may bring are a long way off, leaving plenty of time to prepare. Nanotechnology, like any new discovery, offers both risks and rewards. There will undoubtedly be some need to control its exploitation to minimize the risks, but there are also strong arguments for allowing the unfettered pursuit of knowledge: without it, innovation cannot flourish. Twenty years ago, nobody could have foreseen that the invention of a new microscope would launch a remarkable new technology, perhaps a revolution. (50) Scientists should be allowed to work with as little hindrance as possible to gain a better understanding of the object of their study—however large or small.

The homeless make up a growing percentage of America' s population.【B1】______, homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can't possibly【B2】______. To help homeless people【B3】______independence, the federal government must support job training programs,【B4】______the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 【B5】______everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates【B6】______anywhere from 600, 000 to 3 million.【B7】______the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is【B8】______. One of the federal government's studies【B9】______that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to【B10】______this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.【B11】______when homeless individuals manage to find a【B12】______that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day【B13】______the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,【B14】______not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday【B15】______skills needed to turn their lives【B16】______. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are【B17】______programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 【B18】______Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,【B19】______it, "There has to be【B20】______of programs. What's needed is a package deal."

【F1】 To explain why some countries grow more rapidly than others or why a country may grow more rapidly during one period of history than another, economists have found it convenient to think in terms of a "production function". This is a mathematical way of relating some measure of output, such as GNP, to the inputs required to produce it. For example, it is possible to relate GNP to the size of the labour force measured in man-hours, to capital stock measured in dollars, and to various other inputs that are considered important. An equation can be written that states that the rate of growth of GNP depends upon the rates of growth of the labour force, the capital stock, and other variables.【F2】 A common procedure is to assume that the influence of the separate inputs is additive—i. e. , that the increase in the growth of output caused by increasing the rate of growth of, say, capital is independent of the rate of growth of the labour force. This is the starting point of a great deal of current empirical work that attempts to quantify the importance of different inputs. 【F3】 Under certain assumptions, some reasonable and some patently false, it is possible to conclude that what labour and capital receive in the form of wages, profits, and interest is a fair measure of what they contribute to the productive process. Thus in the United States in the period following World War II the share of output going to labour was approximately 79 percent, while the share of output distributed as "profits" was 21 percent.【F4】 If we assume that these proportions determine how much we should weight the rate of growth of the labour force and of capital respectively in determining their contribution to the rate of growth of output, we must conclude that the relative contribution of capital is slight. 【F5】 Alternatively,we may say that some given percentage increase in the rate of growth of the labour force will have a much larger influence on the rate of growth of output than the same percentage increase in the rate of growth of capital. This is a puzzling result and can be traced to the assumption that the influence of separate inputs is additive.

Title: MY HOMETOWNWord limit: 160 - 200 wordsTime limit: 40 minutesYou are required to develop your essay according to the given topic sentence of each paragraph.1. My hometown is very beautiful.2. Some changes of my hometown.3. The people of my hometown.

Thought on Environmental Protection

BSection III Writing/B

"What a difference a word makes." The issue of semantics has been an ongoing complain against the media, which has been characterized by an increasing level of sensationalism and irresponsible reporting over the years, fostered by increasingly fierce competition and struggle for wider distributions and readerships. A focal point for the criticism is the coverage of high-profile criminal cases. With such headlines as "Mr. X Arrest for First-Degree Murder" prominently displayed across the front page, it has been argued that such provocative language influences public opinion, causing premature assumptions of guilt before the matter can be properly and legally decided in a court of law. The power of the media to influence public opinion and, by extension, legal and political perceptions, has long been established and recognized, spurring outcries when inaccurate or overly embellished stories result in unwarranted destruction of public image or intrusion into privacy of unwilling individuals. Reporters and editors take the utmost care in their choice of words for use in their articles, but with constant pressure to create provocative headlines in order to sell their papers, the distinction between respectable periodicals and trashy tabloids is becoming thinner every day. The dilemma is exacerbated by the public"s seeming short attention span, putting the papers under pressure to make their stories as attention-grabbing as they are accurate. Further obfuscating the situation is the fact that the same phrase can be interpreted in a myriad of different ways depending on who reads it, making it hard for one to judge whether a line is excessive or not. Whatever the causes and effects, however, the freedom of pres laws in the United States mean that any change to the style employed by the media must be self-imposed. In that respect, it appears that nothing will be changing in the near future, since the public"s insatiable hunger for controversy and scandal continues to dominate and set the pace for marketable reporting. As the sensationalism and its related effects continue into the longer term, however, there will no doubt be more outcry as the trend continues. This will possibly result in an upheaval of the system; favoring more accurate, unembellished reporting, consisting of hard facts with a minimum of supposition or commentary and devoid of rumors and other questionable sources of information. If and when that occurs, we can truly state with pride that our media industry is only a free one, bat a responsible and reliable one.

A multinational corporation is a corporate enterprise, which though headquartered in one country, conducts its operations through branches that it owns or controls around the world. The organizations, mostly based in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, have become major actors on the international stage, for some of them are wealthier than many of the countries they operate in. The less developed countries often welcome the multinationals because they are a source of investment and jobs. Yet their presence has its drawbacks, for these organizations soon develop immense political and economic influence in the host countries. Development becomes concentrated in a few industries that are oriented to the needs of the outsiders; profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested; and local benefits go mainly to a small ruling group whose interests are tied to those of the foreigners rather than to those of their own people. The effect is to further increase export dependency and to limit the less developed countries" control of their own economies. It seems that both the modernization and world-system approaches may be valid in certain respects. The modernization model does help us make sense of the historical fact of industrialization and of the various internal adjustments that societies undergo during this process. The world-system model reminds us that countries do not develop in isolation. They do so in a context of fierce international political and economic competition, a competition whose outcome favors the stronger parties. Today, the less developed countries are struggling to achieve in the course of a few years the material advantages that the older industrialized nations have taken generations to gain. The result is often a tug-of-war between the forces of modernization and the sentiments of tradition, with serious social disturbance as the result. The responses have taken many different forms: military overthrow by army officers determined to impose social order; fundamentalist religious movements urging a return to absolute moralities and certainties of the past; nationalism as a new ideology to unite the people for the challenge of modernization. And sometimes social change takes place in a way that is not evolutionary, but revolutionary.

In the United States today, coffee is a more popular drink (1)_____ tea, but tea played (2)_____ interesting part in the history of the United States. Before they won their (3)_____ from Britain, the colonists were forced to (4)_____ taxes on many goods imported into America. The tax money was (5)_____ to support colonial governors and officials sent to the colonies by the British. In 1770 the British Prime Minister had repealed most of the taxes, but King George (6)_____ on retaining the tax (7)_____ tea. The King saw the tax as a (8)_____ of the British right to tax the colonies. American merchants (9)_____ smuggled nine-tenths of America"s tea into the country and (10)_____ paying the taxes. (11)_____ the tax savings, the price of tea remained expensive due. to (12)_____ shipping costs. When the British Parliament (13)_____ a new law which would allow British companies to import tea more (14)_____ than American shipping companies, the (15)_____ were alarmed and they (16)_____ a protest. In Boston citizens and merchants, who (17)_____ disguised as Indians, boarded a British ship and (18)_____ $15,000 worth of tea into the harbor. This protest (19)_____ Great Britain is known as the Boston Tea Party. It was one of the earliest acts of (20)_____ against British rule.

Women have long been more in number than men on college campuses. They also hold more advanced degrees than their male【C1】______. So it makes sense that women would also score higher on IQ tests. But for the last 100 years, they"ve lagged behind men by as much as five points—【C2】______their scores have been rising. Finally, according to IQ expert James Flynn, women have【C3】______ the IQ gap and are in fact scoring higher than men, reports the Telegraph. IQ, the most widely used measure of【C4】______and is determined based on the difference between one"s IQ score and the【C5】______IQ score of a certain age group. It"s thought to be a product of both environmental and【C6】______factors, and is a statistically reliable【C7】______of future educational achievement, job【C8】______and income. But the reasons for differences in IQ— for example, between races or genders—have long been widely【C9】______. There are many【C10】______reasons that women finally surpassed men in IQ after a century of【C11】______, according to Flynn, who is writing a book about IQ and gender. One【C12】______is that women have【C13】______been capable of scoring higher but, because of gender stereotypes, never realized their own【C14】______. Gender-based differences in education,【C15】______ and social roles have historically set the【C16】______lower for women. "This【C17】______ is more noticeable for women than for men【C18】______they were socially and economically【C19】______ in the past," Flynn told the Telegraph. Now if only women could close in on that annoying 【C20】______gap.

Giving Advice to a Younger Cousin Write an e-mail of about 100 words based on the following situation: Your cousin Ann will finish the high school course this month. She is undecided whether to take a college course or to accept a job. Now write her an e-mail to give her your advice. Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

BSection III Writing/B

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,【C1】______this is largely because,【C2】______animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 【C3】______to perceiving those smells which float through the air,【C4】______the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact,【C5】______, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 【C6】______we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of【C7】______human smells even when these ar【C8】______to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,【C9】______others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate【C10】______smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send【C11】______to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell【C12】______can suddenly become sensitive to it when【C13】______to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it【C14】______to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can【C15】______new receptors if necessary. This may【C16】______explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not【C17】______of the usual smell of our own house, but we【C18】______new smells when we visit someone else"s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors【C19】______for unfamiliar and emergency signals【C20】______the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not.The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system. Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don"t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists" suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.