In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analogy, on the belief that the universe formed an ordered structure that the macrocosmic pattern of the whole is reproduced in the mi-crocosmic pattern of parts so that it is possible to draw inferences by analogy from one to the other.

【F1】 The problem to be taken up and the point at which the search for a solution will begin are customarily-prescribed by the investigator for a subject participating in an experiment on thinking(or by the programmer for a computer). Thus, prevailing techniques of inquiry in the psychology of thinking have invited neglect of the motivational aspects of thinking.【F2】 The conditions that determine when the person will begin to think in preference to some other activity, what he will think about, what direction his thinking will take, and when he will regard his search for a solution as successfully terminated(or abandon it as not worth pursuing further)barely are beginning to attract investigation. Although much thinking is aimed at practical ends, special motivational problems are raised by "disinterested" thinking, in which the discovery of an answer to a question is a source of satisfaction in itself. 【F3】 For computer specialists, the detection of a mismatch between the formula that the program so far has produced and some formula or set of requirements that define a solution is what impels continuation of the search and determines the direction it will follow. Neobehaviourists(like psychoanalysts)have made much of secondary reward value and stimulus generalization; i. e. , the tendency of a stimulus pattern to become a source of satisfaction if it resembles or has frequently accompanied some form of biological gratification. The insufficiency of this kind of explanation becomes apparent, however, when the importance of novelty, surprise, complexity, incongruity, ambiguity, and uncertainty is considered.【F4】 Inconsistency between beliefs, between items of incoming sensory information, or between one"s belief and an item of sensory information evidently can be a source of discomfort impelling a search for resolution through reorganization of belief systems or through selective acquisition of new information. The motivational effects of such factors have been receiving more attention since the middle of the 20th century, mainly because of the pervasive role they have been found to play in exploratory behaviour, play, and aesthetics. But their role in all forms of thinking also began to be appreciated and studied in relation to curiosity, conflict, and uncertainty.【F5】 As evidence accumulates about the brain processes that underlie fluctuations in motivational state, and as psychophysiological equipment with which such fluctuations can be monitored comes in for increasing use, future advances in the theory of thinking are likely to correct the present imbalance and give due prominence to motivational questions.

Write a poster to your schoolmates , informing them of a new book to be released. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

El Nino is the term used for the period when sea surface temperatures are above normal off the South American coast along the equatorial Pacific, sometimes called the Earth"s heartbeat, and is a dramatic but mysterious climate system that periodically rages across the Pacific. El Nino means "the little boy" or "the Christ child" in Spanish, and is so called because its warm current is felt along coastal Peru and Ecuador around Christmas. But the local warming is just part of an intricate set of changes in the ocean and atmosphere across the tropical Pacific, which covers a third of the Earth"s circumference. Its intensity is such that it affects temperatures, storm tracks and rainfall around the world. Droughts in Africa and Australia, tropical storms in the Pacific, torrential rains along the Californian coast and lush greening of Peruvian deserts have all been ascribed to the whim of El Nino. Until recently it has been returning about every three to five years. But recently it has become more frequent—for the first time on record it has returned for a fourth consecutive year—and at the same time a giant pool of unusually warm water has settled down in the middle of the Pacific and is showing no signs of moving. Climatologists don"t yet know why, though some are saying these aberrations may signal a worldwide change in climate. The problem is that nobody really seems sure what causes the El Nin o to start up, and what makes some stronger than others. And this makes it particularly hard to explain why it has suddenly started behaving so differently. In the absence of El Nino and its cold counterpart, La Nina, conditions in the tropical eastern Pacific are the opposite of those in the west. the east is cool and dry, while the west is hot and wet. In the east, it"s the winds and currents that keep things cool. It works like this. Strong, steady winds, called trade winds, blowing west across the Pacific drag the surface water along with them. The varying influence of the Earth"s rotation at different latitudes, known as the Coriolis effect, causes these surface winds and water to veer towards the poles, north in the northern hemisphere and south in the southern hemisphere. The surface water is replaced by colder water from deeper in the ocean in a process known as upwelling. The cold surface water in turn chills the air above it. This cold dense air cannot rise high enough for water vapor to condense into clouds. The dense air creates an area of high pressure so that the atmosphere over the equatorial eastern Pacific is essentially devoid of rainfall.

Writeanessayof160~200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomment.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

An important new study has cast an appalling light on a place where workplace laws fail to protect workers, where wages and tips are routinely stolen, where having to work sick, injured or off the clock is the price of having a job. The place is the United States, all across the lower strata of the urban economy. The most comprehensive investigation of labor-law violations in years surveyed 4,387 workers in Los Angeles, Chicago and New York. Its researchers sought out people often missed by standard surveys and found abuses everywhere: in factories, grocery stores, retail shops, construction sites, offices, warehouses and private homes. The word sweatshop clearly is not big enough anymore to capture the extent and severity of the rot in the low-wage workplace. Workers told of employers who ignored the minimum wage, denied overtime, took illegal deductions to pay for tools or transportation, or forced them to work unpaid before or after their shifts. More than two-thirds of them had endured at least one wage violation in the previous workweek. More than a quarter had been paid less than the minimum wage, often by more than $ 1 an hour. Violations typically robbed workers of $ 51 a week, from an average paycheck of $ 339. The report paints an acute picture of powerlessness. Of workers who had been seriously injured on the job, only 8 percent had filed for workers" compensation—a symptom, researchers said, of the power of employer pressure. Although 86 percent of respondents had worked enough consecutive hours to be entitled to time off for meals, more than two-thirds had had their breaks denied, interrupted or shortened. Workers who complained to bosses or government agencies or tried to form unions suffered illegal retaliation; firing, suspension, pay cuts or threats to call immigration authorities. It is, of course, morally abhorrent that the American economy should be so riddled with exploitation. But it is also powerfully evident that there are practical consequences when the powerless are abused. Low-wage workers spend a high proportion of their income on necessities; when their paychecks are systematically bled by greedy employers, an entire community"s economic vitality is sapped as well. The answers are basic, though too long ignored. Government needs to send more investigators to back rooms, offices and factory floors, and to enlist labor organizations and immigrant-rights groups as their investigative eyes and ears. Penalties for wage-law violations need toughening. Employees who have historically been denied basic labor rights—domestic workers and home health aides—need to finally be given the protection of wage-and-hour laws. Companies must not be allowed to skirt their legal obligations by outsourcing hiring to subcontractors, letting others break the law for them.

BPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese./B

The casino (赌场) at the smart Atlantis resort on Paradise Island in the Bahamas is bigger than 20 tennis courts. Tourists flit from slot machine to roulette table, drift past Temples of the Sun and Moon and walk by Crystal Gate and Poseidon's Throne. But the only Bahamians in sight are waiters, croupier and cashiers. The Bahamas legalised casino gambling in 1969, when they were still a British colony. But mainly because of the influence of local pastors, both Bahamians and foreigners who live in the country are banned from gambling. This has not stopped residents from placing bets. Instead, they gamble off the books in "number houses" or "webshops"—legal internet cafes that offer illegal bets on the side and operate in plain sight. These have mushroomed in recent years, even as tourism has stagnated and hotels have reduced staff. This pretence will be put to the test on January 28th, when a referendum will be held on legalising gambling in web shops, as well as on a separate proposal to set up a national lottery. The well-funded campaign supporting the initiative has been distributing posters and T-shirts. It argues that web shops account for almost 2% of jobs in the country, and that gambling taxes could help close the budget deficit. The "no" movement, which calls itself "Save Our Bahamas", is led by the islands' evangelical (新教会的) churches. Perry Christie, the prime minister, says he has "no horse in the race". The opposition accuses him, without proof, of running a "fixed" referendum on behalf of web-shop owners who back him financially. If the proposal is approved, the government will probably try to pass a series of reforms supported by the big hotel casinos. In order to compete with Las Vegas, New Jersey or Macau, they say, they need authorisation for credit-card payment for chips, online and mobile wagers, private VIP gaming rooms and betting on sports matches while play is in progress. They also want stronger legal tools to collect unpaid debts and the right to void payments caused by computer errors. The tourism minister has already announced support for these policies. However, letting Bahamians into the casinos is not yet on the agenda.

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Most people would not object to living a few years longer than normal, as long as it meant they could live those years in good health. Sadly, the only proven way to extend the lifespan of an animal in this way is to reduce its calorie intake. Studies going back to the 1930s have shown that a considerable reduction in consumption (about 50%) can extend the lifespan of everything from dogs to nematode worms by between 30% and 70%. Although humans are neither dogs nor worms, a few people are willing to give the calorie-restricted diet a try in the hope that it might work for them, too. But not many—as the old joke has it, give up the things you enjoy and you may not live longer, but it will sure seem as if you did. Now, though, work done by Marc Hellerstein and his colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley, suggests that it may be possible to have, as it were, your cake and eat it too. Or, at least, to eat 95% of it. Their study, to be published in the American Journal of Physiology—Endocrinology and Metabolism, suggests that significant gains in longevity might be made by a mere 5% reduction in calorie intake. The study was done on mice rather than people. But the ubiquity of previous calorie-restriction results suggests the same outcome might well occur in other species, possibly including humans. However, you would have to fast on alternate days. (41)______ Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells. For a cancer to develop efficiently, it needs multiple mutations to accumulate in the DNA of the cell that becomes the tumor"s ancestor. (42)______ A slower rate of cell division thus results in a slower accumulation of cancer-causing mutations. (43)______ Heavy water is heavy because the hydrogen in it weighs twice as much as ordinary hydrogen (it has a proton and a neutron in its nucleus, instead of just a proton). Chemically, however, it behaves like its lighter relative. This means, among other things, that it gets incorporated into DNA as that molecule doubles in quantity during cell division. (44)______ Dr. Hellerstein first established how much mice eat if allowed to feed as much as they want. Then he set up a group of mice that were allowed to eat only 95% of that amount. In both cases, he used the heavy-water method to monitor cell division. The upshot was that the rate of division in the calorie-restricted mice was 37% lower than that in those mice that could eat as much as they wanted—which could have a significant effect on the accumulation of cancer-causing mutations. (45)______A. To stop this happening, cells have DNA-repair mechanisms. But if a cell divides before the damage is repaired, the chance of a successful repair is significantly reduced.B. Bingeing and starving is how many animals tend to feed in the wild. The uncertain food supply means they regularly go through cycles of too much and too little food (it also means that they are often restricted to eating less than they could manage ff food were omnipresent).C. But calorie-reduction is not all the mice had to endure. They were, in addition, fed only on alternate days: bingeing one day and starving the next. So, whether modern man and woman, constantly surrounded by food and advertisements for food, would really be able to forgo eating every other day is debatable.D. Why caloric restriction extends the lifespan of any animal is unclear, but much of the smart money backs the idea that it slows down cell division by denying cells the resources they need to grow and proliferate. One consequence of that slow-down would be to hamper the development of cancerous tumors.E. So, by putting heavy water in the diets of their mice, the researchers were able to measure how much DNA in the tissues of those animals had been made since the start of the experiment (and by inference how much cell division had taken place), by the simple expedient of extracting the DNA and weighing it.F. The second reason, according to Elaine Hsieh, one of Dr. Hellerstein"s colleagues, is that cutting just a few calories overall, but feeding intermittently, may be a more feasible eating pattern for some people to maintain than making small reductions each and every day.G. At least, that is the theory. Until now, though, no one has tested whether reduced calorie intake actually does result in slower cell division. Dr. Hellerstein and his team were able to do so using heavy water as a chemical "marker" of the process.

Suppose one of your friends, Li Hua, wants to choose a book on interviewing skills before he attends a job interview. Write to him to give him some advice. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

America is the land of the automobile. This country has only 6 percent of the world"s population but 46 percent of the world"s cars. Right now, there are 97 million privately owned cars consuming 75 billion gallons of gasoline and traveling an estimated 1,000 billion miles, a year. The figures also affirm something we know every time we refill our gasoline tank. The automobile is a very thirsty piece of technology. Of the total petroleum supply in the United States, 30 percent goes to quench that thirst. Every year for each passenger car, about 800 gallons of gasoline are consumed. Other aspects of our commitment to the automobile also bear mentioning here, it takes a great deal of energy to manufacture one automobile—about 150 million BTUs of energy. This is equivalent to 1,200 gallons of gasoline, enough to run a car for about 16,000 miles. We expend energy in the process of shipping cars from factories to showrooms, displaying them for sale hand making replacement parts for repairs. One out of six jobs in the nation is associated with the automobile business. About two gallons of gasoline are consumed in the process of making every ten gallons that are pumped into an automobile"s gas tank. Building highways and parking lots has used up much of our land. It has been estimated that we have paved over 21,000 square miles of this country"s surface, most of it to accommodate the automobile. The automobile is also the largest contributor to our nation"s air pollution problem and a very serious one because most of its pollutants are emitted in our large metropolitan areas. Aside from the great impact that would occur if everyone seriously practised conservation, one should stop and think about his own casual use of the automobile. There are numerous situations where better planning and awareness could really make a difference in energy savings and dollars. Because the automobile uses the largest percentage of energy in an average American family"s energy budget and almost half of the dollars, the impetus for savings is tremendous.

Often referred to as "the heart of a factoring organization, "the credit department is responsible for granting credit to clients" customers and for collecting the accounts receivable purchased through the factor.【F1】 When factored clients submit customer orders for credit approval, the credit department analyzes the financial condition and credit worthiness of the customer, then makes a decision to approve or decline the order. The department must then monitor the condition of approved customers and collect all due receivables. Careful credit checking and effective collection procedures in this department can greatly reduce the risks inherent in factoring. As the head of the credit department, the credit manager is responsible for seeing that the department operates effectively.【F2】 He must develop the factor"s credit policies in consultation with senior factoring associates, and he is in overall command of everything from credit and collections to bankruptcy and liquidations. If only the factor is a commercial bank division, the credit manager is a bank vice president, and credit policy must also be approved through top management of the bank. 【F3】 Assisting the credit manager may be several supervisors who have credit responsibilities of their own and who also oversee the analysis and approval of customer orders through the credit specialists. Credit supervisors typically spend about eighty percent of their time handling large customer orders. If only a customer order exceeds a supervisor"s credit authority, he is responsible for making recommendations to the credit manager. A supervisor also reviews a subordinate"s credit decision if only the subordinate is unsure of the extent of the credit risk or if only a client questions a particular credit decision. In extremely large credit exposures, supervisor"s bear the responsibility for analyzing the credit position of the customers and deciding on credit limits. To do this, they must regularly obtain current data from various credit information sources. They must also have extensive contact with each customer to determine operational performance and progress. Frequently, supervisors are called upon to give advice on what should be done to improve a company"s financial condition.【F4】 Meeting all these responsibilities requires that each supervisor continuously observe and study the industries with which he is concerned, so that he is capable of anticipating market changes which may affect his accounts. 【F5】 A supervisor"s major challenge is to maintain a fine balance between the demands of clients that all their customer orders be approved and the questionable financial position of some of the customers. In reviewing any credit decision, a supervisor must be capable of weighing a variety of elements, including the possibility of losing the client, the customer" s credit position, and the extent of any possible loss.

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled"Cultures—NationalandInternational".Intheessayyoushould1)describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,and2)giveyourcommentonthephenomenon.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

"This is a really exciting time — a new era is starting, " says Peter Bazalgette, the chief creative officer of Endemol. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. And he is far from alone in his enthusiasm. Already, many mobile operators offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are "streamed" across their third-generation (3G) networks. 41.______. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including Lost, Desperate Housewives and Law or they could form a consortium and build a shared network; or existing broadcasters could build such networks. The big question is whether the broadcasters and mobile operators can agree on how to divide the spoils, assuming there are any. Broadcasters own the content, but mobile operators generally control the handsets, and they do not always see eye to eye. 45.______. Then there is the question of who will fund the production of mobile-TV content: broadcasters, operators or advertisers? Again, the answer is probably "all of the above".[A] So the general consensus is that 3G streaming is a prelude to the construction of dedicated mobile-TV broadcast networks, which transmit digital TV signals on entirely different frequencies to those used for voice and data. There are three main standards: DVB-H, favoured in Europe; DMB, which has been adopted in Korea and Japan; and MediaFLO, which is being rolled out in America. Watching TV using any of these technologies requires a TV-capable handset, of course.[B] In contrast, watching downloaded TV programmes on an iPod or other portable video players is already possible today. And unlike a programme streamed over 3G or broadcast via a dedicated mobile-TV network , shows stored on an iPod can be watched on an underground train or in regions with patchy network coverage.[C] In Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks, which is far more efficient than sending video across mobile networks. In Europe, the Italian arm of 3, a mobile operator, recently acquired Channel 7, a television channel, with a view to launching mobile-TV broadcasts in Italy in the second half of 2006.[D] Despite all this activity, however, the prospects for mobile TV are unclear.[E] Assuming the technology and the business models can be sorted out, there is still the tricky matter of content.[F] In Korea, a consortium of broadcasters launched a free-to-air DMB network last month, but the country"s mobile operators were reluctant to provide their users with handsets able to receive the broadcasts, since they were unwilling to undermine the prospects for. their own subscription-based mobile-TV services. [G] The potential for mobile TV is vast, in short — but so is the degree of uncertainty over how it should actually be put into practice.

Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.

In the span of 18 months, Isaac Newton invented calculus, constructed a theory of optics, explained how gravity works and discovered his laws of motion. As a result, 1665 and the early months of 1666 are termed his annus mirabilis. (46) It was a sustained sprint of intellectual achievement that no one thought could ever be equaled. But in a span of a few years just before 1900, it all began to unravel. One phenomenon after another was discovered which could not be explained by the laws of classical physics. (47) The theories of Newton, and of James Clerk Maxwell who followed him in the mid 19th century by crafting a more comprehensive account of electromagnetism, were in trouble. Then, in 1905, a young patent clerk named Albert Einstein found the way forward. In five remarkable papers, he showed that atoms are real (it was still controversial at the time), presented his special theory of relativity, and put quantum theory on its feet. It was a different achievement from Newton"s year, but Einstein"s annus mirabilis was no less remarkable. He did not, like Newton, have to invent entirely new forms of mathematics. However, he had to revise notions of space and time fundamentally. (48) And un like Newton, who did not publish his results for nearly 20 years, so obsessed was he with secrecy and working out the details, Einstein released his papers one after another, as a fusillade of ideas. For Einstein, it was just a beginning—he would go on to create the general theory of relativity and to pioneer quantum mechanics. While Newton came up with one system for explaining the world, Einstein thus came up with two. Unfortunately, his discoveries—relativity and quantum theory—contradict one another. Both cannot be true everywhere, although both are remarkably accurate in their respective domains of the very large and the very small. Einstein would spend the last years of his life attempting to reconcile the two theories, and failing. (49) But then, no one else has succeeded in fixing the problems either, and Einstein was perhaps the one who saw them most clearly. When Einstein was awarded a Nobel Prize, in 1921, it was for the first of his papers of 1905, which proved the existence of photons—particles of light. (50) Up until that paper, completed on March 17th and published in Annalen der Physik (as were the other 1905 papers), light had been supposed to be a wave, since this explains the interference patterns created when it passes through a grating. Einstein, however, began from a different premise, by considering the so-called "black-body experiment".

The idea that people might be chosen or rejected for jobs on the basis of their genes disturbs many. Such【C1】______may, however, be a step【C2】______, thanks to work just published in Current Biology by Derk-Jan Dijk and his colleagues at the University of Surrey, in England. Dr. Dijk studies the biology of timekeeping—in particular of the part of the internal body-clock that【C3】______people to sleep and wakes them up. One of the genes involved in【C4】______this clock is known as PER3 and【C5】______in two forms. Dr. Dijk"s work【C6】______ that one of these forms is more conducive to night-shift work than the other. The two forms of PER3【C7】______ into two slightly different proteins, one of which is longer than the other. 【C8】______work by this group showed that people with two short versions of the gene are more likely to be "owls",【C9】______ to get up late and go to bed late. "Larks"—【C10】______, early risers, have two long versions. Pursuing this【C11】______of enquiry, Dr. Dijk and his team have been studying how such people【C12】______to sleep deprivation. Two dozen volunteers, some genetic owls and some genetic larks, were forced to stay awake for two days. The genetic larks reacted to this worse than the owls did.【C13】______, larks given memory tests and puzzles to【C14】______between the hours of four and eight in the morning turned【C15】______far worse performances than did owls. What【C16】______ that may have for employers is not fully clear. Nevertheless, it is intriguing. There may 【C17】______come a time when employers【C18】______night shifts will want a blood sample from【C19】______employees—【C20】______ to protect themselves against negligence suits should someone have an accident.

The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for offences on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences cause. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of an offence. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage. Keasey"s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor"s actions was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann"s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won"t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Anne feel bad." Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified: the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments. Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the offender cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.

The difference between "writer" and "reporter" or "journalist" isn"t that the journalist reports—she【C1】______sources, calls people, takes them out to lunch, and generally【C2】______as an intermediary between her audience and the world of experts. The journalist also writes, of course, but anybody can write.【C3】______few can get their calls returned by key congressmen, top academics, important CEOs. That is the powerful advantage that the journalist has【C4】______her audience: She"s got sources and they don"t【C5】______the transaction between the journalist and the audience is that the journalist has the time, talent, and【C6】______to clearly communicate the ideas of newsmakers and experts,【C7】______then is the transaction between the journalist and those newsmakers and experts?【C8】______the journalist, and her institution, are profiting, hopefully handsomely, off their contribution to the enterprise. It"s not going too【C9】______to say that the whole business would collapse without their【C10】______. Journalists without sources are, well,【C11】______writers. 【C12】______, those sources are giving up something of value. They"re giving up【C13】______, for one thing. Some fine folks have spent countless hours【C14】______me through the details of the federal budget. They"re giving up information that, in other【C15】______, people pay them for—consider a CEO who gives paid lectures or a life-long academic at a private college. They are【C16】______themselves to considerable professional risk, both by telling the journalist things they"re not supposed to share and simply by making themselves【C17】______to being misinterpreted in public. 【C18】______how does the journalist compensate these sources? Well, the【C19】______answer in a market economy would be that the sources to get paid. But, in a brilliant maneuver, journalism as a profession has deemed it【C20】______to pay sources for information.

"Secret"EntertainingStudythedrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbyit,and3)giveyourpointofview.Youshouldwrite160-200words.