Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (1)_____ the mm of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (2)_____ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (3)_____, or by whom. But it began to be (4)_____ in the early 1890s. Jazz is America"s contribution to (5)_____ music. In contrast to classical music, which (6)_____ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, (7)_____ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people: In the 1920s jazz (8)_____ like America. And (9)_____ it does today. The (10)_____ of this music are as interesting as the music (11)_____. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (12)_____.They were brought to the Southern states (13)_____ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (14)_____ When a Negro died his friends and relatives (15)_____ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band, often accompanied the (16)_____ On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (17)_____ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (18)_____, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played (19)_____ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (20)_____ at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.

Data has a habit of spreading. It slips past military security and it can also leak from WikiLeaks. It even slipped past the bans of the Guardian and other media organisations involved in this story when a rogue copy of Der Spiegel accidentally went on sale in Basle, Switzerland. Someone bought it, realised what they had, and began scanning the pages, translating them from German to English and posting up-dates on Twitter. It would seem digital data respects no authority, be it the Pentagon, WikiLeaks or a newspaper editor. Individually, we have all already experienced the massive changes resulting from digitisation. Events or information that we once considered momentary and private are now accumulated, permanent, public. Governments hold our personal data in huge databases. It used to cost money to disclose and distribute information. In the digital age it costs money not to. But when data breaches happen to the public, politicians don"t care much. Our privacy is expendable. It is no surprise that the reaction to these leaks is different. What has changed the dynamic of power in a revolutionary way isn" t just the scale of the databases being kept, but that individuals can upload a copy and present it to the world. To some this marks a crisis, to others an opportunity. Technology is breaking down traditional social barriers of status, class, power, wealth and geography—replacing them with an ethos of collaboration and transparency. Leaks are not the problem; they are the symptom. They reveal a disconnect between what people want and need to know and what they actually do know. The greater the secrecy, the more likely a leak. The way to move beyond leaks is to ensure a strong managing system for the public to access important information. We are at a key moment where the visionaries in the leading position of a global digital age are clashing with those who are desperate to control what we know. WikiLeaks is the guerrilla front in a global movement for greater transparency and participation. It used to be that a leader controlled citizens by controlling information. Now it" s harder than ever for the powerful to control what people read, see and hear. Technology gives people the ability to band together and challenge authority. The powerful have long spied on citizens as a means of control, now citizens are turning their collected eyes back upon the powerful. This is a revolution, and all revolutions create fear and uncertainty. Will we move to a New Information Enlightenment or will the strong resistance from those who seek to maintain control no matter the cost lead us to a new totalitarianism ? What happens in the next five years will define the future of democracy for the next century, so it would be well if our leaders responded to the current challenge with an eye on the nature.

Benjamin Franklin just got a face-lift;. And it"s about time. Over the past seven years, the Treasury Department has redesigned the $5, $10, $20 and $50 bills, citing counterfeiting【B1】______. On April 21, the $100 bill【B2】______its fellows when the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing(BEP)unveiled its latest bill. The $100 bill is the highest-denomination note in【B3】______and can weather more than seven years of【B4】______. A humble $1 bill lasts only 21 months. The American Revolution"s continental currency—the first attempt【B5】______national tender—did not have the same kind of【B6】______. So much of the money was produced to【B7】______the war that it quickly【B8】______. In 1863, Congress【B9】______the issuance of paper tender, much of which was easy to counterfeit. It is estimated that one-third of money circulating at the time was【B10】______. But that didn"t stop the government from producing【B11】______of it. By the time the BEP was officially established in 1874, the Treasury Department had been creating【B12】______for more than a decade—with dozens of clerks manually cutting and signing bills before the process was【B13】______. The U.S. started producing coins in 1792. The first piece of money to feature a President"s【B14】______was a coin: the Abraham Lincoln penny, created in 1909. And【B15】______the fact that it costs 1.6￠ to make each l￠ coin, more pennies are produced than any other U.S. denomination.【B16】______bills such as the $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 had no such luck,【B17】______, and the $100,000 note was printed but never released .【B18】______hundreds of billions of dollars in circulation at any given time(more than $330 billion was produced last year alone), updating security features on currency is a(n) 【B19】______process. "In God We【B20】______," sure. In humans, not so much.

They are regarded as chores by both sexes, but fall disproportionately on only one. The latest survey of time use in America suggests women still【C1】______most of the housework, spending on average an hour a day scrubbing, hoovering and shopping,【C2】______with barely 20 minutes for the unfairer sex. Standard【C3】______for this division of labour【C4】______on the pay gap between the sexes. A recent report shows women【C5】______earn about 20% less than men in America Couples can maximise earnings【C6】______the lower-paid(usually female)partner does the【C7】______work at home. But in a new paper Leslie Stratton of Virginia Commonwealth University asks【C8】______different attitudes to housework also play a【C9】______in sharing the dusting. Mr Stratton draws on data from the Time Use Survey in Britain,【C10】______shows how people spent their day and which tasks they enjoyed. Attitudes certainly【C11】______: women disliked laundry less than men. Ironing was generally dreaded; weirdly large numbers of both sexes liked shopping for food. Mr Stratton found some【C12】______for the pay-gap hypothesis. Women with higher wages did a little【C13】______work at home. A woman who earned 10% more than【C14】______ducked out of two minutes' housework per weekday. Her partner heroically【C15】______up this time at the weekend.【C16】______his wages made no difference【C17】______the extent of his efforts around the house. There is【C18】______in the idea that chores go to the lower-paid partner. But cause and effect are【C19】______. Do women do more【C20】______lower pay, or might their careers suffer from a disproportionate burden at home?

It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb" to think". Indeed, me writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, "In thinking the soul is talking to itself"; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited speech located in the minute movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought. Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skilful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with running language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one"s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say. At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they axe merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal activities going on just out of range. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading. Words do play their part but they are rarely the only feature of thought. This observation is supported by the experiments of the Wurzburg psychologists reported in Chapter Eight who showed that intelligent adaptive responses can occur in problem solving situations without the use of either words or images of any kind; ",Set" and "determining tendencies" operate without the actual use of language in helping us to think purposefully and intelligently. Again the Study of speech disorders due to brain injury or disease suggest that patients can think without having adequate control over their language, some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draughts playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Yet animals such as Kohler"s chimpanzees can solve problems by working out strategies such as the invention of implements or Climbing aids when such animals have not language beyond a few warning cries. Intelligent or "insightful" behavior is not dependent in the case of monkeys on language skills: presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.

Every immigrant leads a double life. Every immigrant has a double identity and a double vision, being suspended between an old and a new home, an old and a new self.【F1】 The very notion of a new home, of course, is in a sense as impossible as the notion of new parents: parents are who they are; home is what it is. Yet home, like parentage, must be legitimized through love; otherwise, it is only a fact of geography or biology.【F2】 Most immigrants to America found their love of their old homes betrayed: They did not really abandon their countries; their countries abandoned them, and in America, they found the possibility of a new love, the chance to nurture new selves. Not uniformly, not without exceptions. Every generation has its Know-Nothing movement.【F3】 Its understandable fear and hatred of alien invasion is as true today as it always was, but in spite of all this, the American attitude remains unique. Throughout history, exile has been a calamity; America turned it into a triumph and placed its immigrants in the center of a national epic. The epic is possible because America is an idea as much as it is a country.【F4】 America has nothing to do with loyalty to a dynasty and very little to do with loyalty to a particular place, but everything to do with loyalty to a set of principles. To immigrants, those principles are especially real because so often they were absent or violated in their native lands. It was no accident in the "60s and 70s, when alienation was in flower, that it often seemed to be "native" Americans who felt alienated, while aliens or the children of aliens upheld the native values. "Home is where you are happy." Sentimental, perhaps, and certainly not conventionally patriotic, but is appropriate for a country that wrote the pursuit of happiness into its founding document. That pursuit continues for the immigrant in America, and it never stops, but it comes to rest at a certain moment.【F5】 The moment occurs perhaps when the immigrant"s double life and double vision converge toward a single state of mind, when the old life, the old home fade into a certain unreality: places one merely visits, practicing the tourism of memory. It occurs when the immigrant learns his ultimate lesson: above all countries, America, if loved, returns love.

On the morning of April 15, 38,500 worshippers from all over the world will descend upon the tiny town of Hopkinton, Massachusetts. In a bizarre rite they will shed most of their clothes, spread petroleum jelly over the more sensitive parts of their bodies and affix little time-keepers to their shoelaces. Then, as the appointed hour of noon approaches, they will either stand in line at one of the 750 portable toilets or, much to the chagrin of Hopkinton"s 10,000 regular residents, go natural. At the report from a gun, they will try to race 26 miles, 385 yards, all the way to Boston. In other words, they will "run Boston". And not just any "Boston". This will be the 100th Boston Marathon. The sign in Hopkinton Green that commemorates the marathon reads WELCOME TO HOPKINTON. IT ALL STARTS HERE. Actually, it all started down the road in Ashland on Patriots" Day April 19,1897, when 15 men from the Boston area and New York City entered the first Boston Athletic Association Marathon. A 22-year-old lithographer from New York named John McDermott won the race, though not easily. A few miles from the finish McDermott had to stop because of intense leg cramps. Fortunately, he had an attendant who answered McDermott"s command, "Rub!" and he crossed the finish line in 2:55:10—which would have been good enough for683rd place in last year"s Boston Marathon. Times have changed, of course. The road to Boston is now paved. The leather shoes that McDermott wore gave way to canvas sneakers that gave way to leather shoes. The start was moved from Ashland to Hopkinton in 1924 in order to lengthen the course to the classic marathon distance. And in recent years, the traditional post-marathon beef stew served by the BAA has been replaced by a pre-marathon pasta party sponsored by Ronzoni. But from the beginning, Boston has been immensely popular: the seventh running of the marathon in 1903 attracted 200,000 spectators. This year an estimated 1.5 million will cheer the runners on as they move from Hopkinton to Ashland to Framingham to Natick to Wellesley to... "Its obvious strength is 100 years of the best runners in the world," says Bill Rodgers, the folk hero who has won Boston four times. "But it is also the best course anywhere. You run through small towns on your way to Boston. You really have a sense of making progress." If Boston has a patron saint, it is John A. Kelley, who first ran the race in 1928 when he was 20 and last ran the race in 1992 when ha was 84. In 1935 Kelley, who was then a floral assistant outdueled toolmaker Pat Dengis, eliciting this response from Dengis: "Would you imagine this, a florist runs 26 miles for a laurel wreath!" Though he received a police escort home to Arlington, Massachusetts, and a telegram from the Governor, Kelley was back at work the next day, preparing Easter lilies at Anderson"s Florist Shop. He also won in 1945 at the advanced age of 37 and told a reporter, "Life merely begins at 40, and I have three years to go." Kelley no longer runs in the marathon, but runners can still pass him on Heartbreak Hill in Newton, where there are twin statues of Kelley—as he ran in his first victory and as he ran in his 61st Boston.

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn"t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together—honesty, kindness, and so on-accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law—and ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people"s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately, there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim, In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done!" Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none, he considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage hint. The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it"s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn"t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn"t provide a stable home. I don"t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

After their 20-year-old son hanged himself during his winter break from the University of Arizona five years ago, Donna and Phil Satow wondered what signs they had overlooked, and started asking" other students for answers. What grew from this soul searching was Ulifeline (www.ulifeline.org), a website where students can get answers to questions about depression by logging on through their universities. The site has been adopted as a resource by over 120 colleges, which can customize it with local information, and over 1.3 million students have logged on with their college ID"s. "It"s a very solid website that raises awareness of suicide, de-stigmatizes mental illness and encourages people to seek the help they need", said Paul Grayson, the director of counseling services at New York University, which started using the service nearly a year ago. The main component of the website is the Self-E-Valuator, a self-screening program developed by Duke University Medical Center that tests students to determine whether they are at risk for depression, suicide and disorders like anorexia and drug dependence. Besides helping students, the service compiles anonymous student data, offering administrators an important window onto the mental health of its campus. The site provides university users with links to local mental health services, a catalog of information on prescription drugs and side effects, and access to Go Ask Alice, a vast archive developed by Columbia University with hundreds of responses to anonymously posted inquiries from college students worldwide. For students concerned about their friends, there is a section that describes warning signs for suicidal behavior and depression. Yet it is hard to determine how effective the service is. The anonymity of the online service can even play out as a negative. "There is no substitute for personal interaction(个人互动才能解决)", said Dr. Lanny Berman, executive director of the American Association of Suicidology, based in Washington. Ulifeline would be the first to say that its service is no replacement for an actual therapist. "The purpose is to find out if there are signs of depression and then direct people to the right places", said Ron Gibori, executive director of Ulifeline. Mrs. Satow, who is still involved with Ulifeline, called it "a knowledge base" that might have prevented the death of her son, Jed. "If Jed"s friends had known the signs of depression, they might have seen something", she said.

At no time and under no circumstances will China be first to use or menace to use nuclear weapons.

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren"t for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream? Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population lives in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous—cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don"t even say hello to each other. Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There"s little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quietness. What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things; and that life doesn"t come to an end at half past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the "quiet life" by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind—they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the village. What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring "morning" to the locals as they pass by? I"m keen on the idea, but you see there"s my cat, Toby. I"m not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.

On Mar. 14, when Wal-Mart Stores Inc. announced its first foray into Japan, the Bentonville (Ark.) retailing giant placed a big bet that it could succeed where countless other foreign companies have failed. In the past five years, a number of famous Western brands have been forced to close up shop after failing to Catch on in Japan, one of the world"s largest—but most variable—consumer markets. May Wal-Mart make a go of it where others have stumbled? One good sign is that the mass marketer is not rushing in blindly. It has taken an initial 6.1% stake in ailing food-and-clothing chain Seiyu Ltd., which it can raise to a controlling 33.4% by yearend and to 66.7% by 2007. That gives Wal-Mart time to revise its strategy—or run for the exits. The question is whether Wal-Mart can apply the lessons it has learned in other parts of Asia to Japan. This, after all, is a nation of notoriously finicky consumers—who have become even more so since Japan slipped into a decade long slump. How will Wal-Mart bring to bear its legendary cost-cutting savvy in a market already affected by falling prices? Analysts are understandably skeptical. "It is uncertain whether Wal-Mart"s business models will be effective in Japan", Standard & Poor"s said in a Mar. 18 report. Much depends on whether Seiyu turns out to be a good partner. The 39-year-old retailer is a member of the reputed Seibu Saison retail group that fell on hard times in the early "90s. It also has deep ties to trading house Sumitomo Corp., which will take a 15% stake in the venture with Wal-Mart. Perhaps the best thing that can be said of Seiyu"s 400-odd stores is that they"re not as deeply troubled as other local retailers. Still, there"s a gaping chasm between the two corporate cultures. "We"ve never been known for cheap everyday pricing", says a Seiyu spokesman. Another potential problem is Sumitomo, which may not want to lean on suppliers to the extent that Wal-Mart routinely does. The clock is ticking. Wal-Mart executives say they need several months to "study" the deal with Seiyu before acting on it, but in the meantime a new wave of hyper-competitive Japanese and foreign rivals are carving up the market. If Wal-Mart succeeds, it will reduce its reliance on its home market even further and—who knows?—it may even revolutionize Japanese retailing in the same way it has in the U.S.

Who Should Teach Children: Parents or School?

TheWaytoOuterSpaceWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled"OntheInterpersonalRelationshipinthemodernWorld".Intheessay,youshould(1)describethepicture;(2)interpretitsmeaning;(3)giveyouropinionaboutthephenomenon.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatly.

When Dr. John W. Gofman, professor of medical physics at the University of California and a leading nuclear critic, speaks of "ecocide" in his adversary view of nuclear technology, he means the following: A large nuclear plant like that in Kalkar, the Netherlands, would produce about 200 pounds of plutonium each year. One pound, released into the atmosphere, could cause 9 billion cases of lung cancer. This waste product must be stored for 500,000 years before it is of no further danger to man. In the anticipated reactor economy, it is estimated that there will be 10,000 tons of this material in western Europe, of which one table—spoonful of plutonium—239 represents the official maximum permissible body burden for 200,000 people. Rather than being biodegradable, plutonium destroys biological properties. In 1972 the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration ruled that the asbestos level in the work place should be lowered to 2 fibers per cubic centimeter of air, but the effective date of the ruling has been delayed until now. The International Federation of Chemical and General Workers" Unions report that the 2-fiber standard was based primarily on one study of 290 men at a British asbestos factory. But when the workers at the British factory had been reexamined by another physician, 40-70 percent had X-ray evidence of lung abnormalities. According to present medical information at the factory in question, out of a total of 29 deaths thus far, seven were caused by lung cancer. An average European or American worker comes into contact with six million fibers a day. "We are now, in fact, finding cancer deaths within the family of the asbestos worker," states Dr. Irving Selikoff, of the Mount Sinai Medical School in New York. It is now also clear that vinyl chloride, a gas from which the most widely used plastics are made, causes a fatal cancer of the blood-vessel ceils of the liver. However, the history of the research on vinyl chloride is, in some ways, more disturbing than the "Watergate cover-up". "There has been evidence of potentially serious disease among polyvinyl chloride workers for 25 years that has been incompletely appreciated and inadequately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities," summed up Dr. Selikoff in the New Scientist. At least 17 workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because research over the past 25 years was not followed up. And for over 10 years, workers have been exposed to concentrations of vinyl chloride 10 times the "safe limit" imposed by Dow Chemical Company.Notes:plutonium 钚asbestos 石棉polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯

Teachers grumble over pay everywhere, but in West Virginia Wesleyan College the anger is a cute. Salaries here have barely moved since 2000, and the average assistant professor"s pay has fallen below that at Southern West Virginia Community and Technical College. On a campus with just 86 full-time faculty, a sociology professor said, a few hundred thousand dollars more spent on teaching could make a real difference. Wesleyan President William Haden says the college plans to raise faculty pay. But he says Wesleyan is nothing without students—"they vote with their feet"—and the college has no choice but to address their wants and needs. He says technology has been a big part of that, and some recent graduates agree that it"s valuable—though maybe not essential. Daniel Simmons, a 1999 graduate and also a middle-school teacher, praised the technology program. "If I had gone to another school it wouldn"t have been available to me," he said. "It was very convenient and it was top of the line." But as with the faculty, the quality of human instructors is a big concern among Wesleyan alumni. "A little bit more money should have been put into keeping people," said Evan Keeling, a 2002 graduate now pursuing a doctorate at the University of Virginia. He found the quality in the classroom uneven, and, notably, neither he nor the Daniel Simmons came to Wesleyan because of technology. The program was a bonus, not the primary draw. Skinner, the director of admission and financial planning, acknowledged that seems widely true. Prospective students pay more attention to more tangible signs of growth. "It did open some doors for us, but would I have liked to have had a new residence hall or recreational facility? I probably would have preferred that," Skinner said. His daily struggle remains filling the freshman class, which may be down 50 people or more this year, due to changes in government financial aid programs and the shuttering of the nursing program. The college still accepts about 80 percent of its applicants, and no longer requires online applications. Haden acknowledges that, with the benefit of hindsight, he might have handled details of how the program was financed differently. But he makes no apologies for taking bold steps which he says have indeed set Wesleyan apart. "We needed to make a statement about our commitment to technology and our belief that it would enhance the quality of education and the preparation of our students," he said." "And I"m still believing that."

September 11th 2001 drew the transatlantic alliance together; but the mood did not last, and over the five years since it has pulled ever further apart. A recent poll for the German Marshall Fund shows that 57% of Europeans regard American leadership in world affairs as "undesirable". The Iraq war is mainly to blame. But there is another and more intractable reason for the growing division: God. Europeans worry that American foreign policy under George Bush is too influenced by religion. The "holy warriors" who hijacked the planes on September 11th reintroduced God into international affairs in the most dramatic of ways. It seems that George Bush is replying in kind, encouraging a clash of religions that could spell global catastrophe. Dominique Moisi, a special adviser at the French Institute for International Relations, argues that "the combination of religion and nationalism in America is frightening. We feel betrayed by God and by nationalism, which is why we are building the European Union as a barrier to religious warfare". Josef Braml, of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, complains that in America "religious attitudes have more of an influence on political choices than in any other western democracy". The notion that America is too influenced by religion is not confined to the elites. Three in five French people and nearly as many Dutch think that Americans are too religious-and that religion skews what should be secular decisions. Europeans who think that America is "too religious" are more inclined to anti-Americanism than their fellow countrymen. 38% of Britons have an unfavourable view of America, but that number rises to 50% among people who are wary of American religiosity. Is America engaged in a faith-based foreign policy? Religion certainly exerts a growing influence on its actions in the world, but in ways more subtle and complicated than Europeans imagine. It is true that America is undergoing a religious revival. "Hot" religions such as evangelical Protestantism and hardline Catholicism are growing rapidly while "cool" mainline versions of Christianity are declining. It is also true that the Republican Party, is being reshaped by this revival. Self-identified evangelicals provided almost 40% of Mr. Bushes vote in 2004; if you add in other theological conservatives, such as Mormons and traditional Catholics, that number rises closer to 60%. All six top Republican leaders in the Senate have earned 100K ratings from the Christian Coalition. It is also true that Mr. Bush frequently uses religious rhetoric when talking of foreign affairs. On September 12th he was at it again, telling a group of conservative journalists that he sees the war on terror as "a confrontation between good and evil", and remarking, "It seems to me that there"s a Third Awakening" (in other words, an outbreak of Christian evangelical fervour, of the sort that has swept across America at least twice before). And Christian America overall is taking a bigger interest in foreign policy. New voices are being heard, such as Sam Brownback, a conservative senator from Kansas who has led the fight against genocide in Darfur, and Rick Warren, the author of a bestseller called "The Purpose-Driven Life", who is sending 2,000 missionaries to Rwanda. Finally, it is true that religious figures have done some pretty outrageous things. Pat Robertson called for the assassination of Hugo Chvez, the president of Venezuela. Lieutenant-General William "Jerry" Boykin, deputy under-secretary of defence for intelligence, toured the country telling Christian groups that radical Muslims hate America "because we"re a Christian nation and the enemy is a guy named Satan". He often wore uniform.

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto1)describethepicture,2)deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepicture,3)giveyoursuggestionsastohowtocooperateinharmony.Youshouldwriteabout160—200wordsneatly.