The population of the United States is only 6% the world"s population, but Americans (1)_____ one third of all the energy (2)_____ in the world. This fact alone says that Americans need to use less energy. And because the price of energy had been rising very rapidly (3)_____ the limited supplies of oil in particular, Americans are becoming aware to the need to (4)_____ energy. In California we have a California Energy Commission which has set up in the past five years to (5)_____ plan for our future energy rise. We have (6)_____ laws in California to help us conserve energy. First of all, our houses in California have been very (7)_____ of energy in the past. They were not (8)_____ very carefully and so the heat would go out of the house very rapidly. Now we require that the homes have a (9)_____ level of insulation, and so the homes built now are much more (10)_____. (11)_____, in transportation (12)_____ a large percentage of oil energy is used, we need to develop more public transportation. In China, of course, you have a very good public-transportation system. And it is a(n) (13)_____ for the kind of thing we need to develop more in the United States. Automobiles are also becoming more (14)_____ The smaller automobile with efficient engine can help to conserve a large amount of energy along with planning our (15)_____ more carefully. Many different studies have shown that we could (16)_____ our energy consumption by (17)_____ half or two thirds and still have the (18)_____ quality of life. And many different types of technologies are currently being researched as to (19)_____ they can be built to use (20)_____ energy and still supply the same service.

Write a letter to a museum's staff to ask for some information about a historical exhibition. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

The old adage of the title has a parallel in the scientific world "all research leads to biomedical advances". The fact that research in one discipline contributes to another is well understood by the scientific community. It is not, however, so clear to the public or to public policy-makers.【F1】 Because public support for funding of biomedical research is strong, the scientific community could build a more effective case for public support of all science by articulating how research in other disciplines benefits biological medicine. The time is ripe to improve public appreciation of science. A recent National Science Foundation survey suggested that Americans continue to support research expenditures. In addition, public opinion polls indicate that scientists and science leaders enjoy enviably high public esteems.【F2】 Instead of lamenting; the lack of public understanding of science, we can work to enhance public appreciation of scientific research by showing how investigations are in many areas close-knit and contribute to biomedical advances. A crucial task is to convey to the public, in easily understood terms, the specific benefits and the overall good that result from research in all areas of science. 【F3】 Take, for example, agricultural research. On the surface, it may appear to have made few significant contributions to biomedical advances, except those directly related to human nutrition. This view is incorrect, however. In the case of nutrition, the connections between agricultural and biomedical research are best exemplified by the vitamin discoveries.【F4】 At the turn of the century, when the concept of vitamins had not yet surfaced and nutrition as a scientific discipline did not exist, it was in a department of agricultural chemistry that the first true demonstration of vitamins was made. Single-grain feeding experiments documented the roles of vitamins A and B. The essential role of some minerals(iron and copper)was shown later, and these discoveries provided the basis of modern human nutrition research. 【F5】 Despite such direct links, however, it is the latest discoveries that have been made in agricultural research that reveal its true importance to biomedicine. Life-saving antibiotics such as streptomycin were discovered in soil microorganisms. The first embryo transplant was made in a dairy cow, and related research led to advances in the understanding of human reproduction.

Sea rise as a result of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the world"s great seaport cities would be【C1】______. Some countries would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas【C2】______large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme【C3】______. Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, 【C4】______coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world. 【C5】______water quality may result as【C6】______flooding forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable, natural【C7】______could be flooded with ocean water, destroying forever many of the【C8】______plant and animal species living there. Food supplies and forests would be【C9】______affected. Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would【C10】______grain-growing regions polewards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants, such as weeds, and the insects【C11】______the crops. Human health would also be affected. Warming could【C12】______tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever and other diseases. The harmful【C13】______of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer【C14】______. There will be some【C15】______from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will【C16】______ new agricultural lands, and warmer temperature will make some of today"s colder regions more【C17】______. But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systems—both plant and animal—will be less able than man to cope and【C18】______. Any change of temperature, rainfall, and sea level of the magnitude now【C19】______will be destructive to natural systems and living things and【C20】______to man as well.

Title: "More haste, less speed" (欲速则不达)Word limit: about 160～200 words. Your essay must be written neatly. Your essay must be based on the following situation: People generally agree with the saying, yet not everyone observes it in his practice. Make a brief description of people"s practice and state your views with regard to the saying.

College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and【C1】______millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions【C2】______as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit【C3】______from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities【C4】______each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly【C5】______crowds of over 20, 000. Basketball"s national collegiate championship game is a TV【C6】______on a par with any other sporting event in the United States, 【C7】______perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can 【C8】______one"s TV set and see the top athletic programs — from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford —【C9】______in front of packed houses and national TV audiences. The athletes themselves are【C10】______and provided with scholarships. College coaches identify【C11】______teen-agers and then go into high schools to【C12】______the country"s best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about【C13】______coaches can recruit — no recruiting calls after 9 p. m. , only one official visit to a campus — but they are often bent and sometimes【C14】______. Top college football programs【C15】______scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive【C16】______campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc. In return, the players【C17】______the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges 【C18】______two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, it"s back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp【C19】______and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins【C20】______During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.

Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.

What does the hamburger say about our modern food economy? A lot, actually. Over the past several years Waldo Jaquith intended to make a hamburger from scratch, to no avail. "Further【C1】______revealed that it"s quite impractical—【C2】______impossible—to make a hamburger from scratch," he writes. "Tomatoes are in season in the late summer. Lettuce is in season in spring and fall. Large mammals are【C3】______in early winter. The【C4】______of making such a burger would take nearly a year and would inherently involve omitting some core hamburger【C5】______." That the hamburger—our delicious and comforting everyman food—didn"t【C6】______100 years ago is a greasy, shiny example of all that is both right【C7】______wrong with our modern food economy.【C8】______fertilizers, genetically modified crops, concentrated farming operations and global overnight shipping, much of the world was lifted out of starvation【C9】______it could finally grow【C10】______quantities of food with decreasing labor【C11】______. But these same【C12】______that allow food to be grown out of【C13】______and in all corners of the globe contribute to a whole host of environmental【C14】______. The "industrialization of food," as author Paul Roberts puts it, is an endless cycle driven by very small price【C15】______that force food processors to【C16】______more advanced techniques to produce even more food【C17】______lower prices. This system will only be aggravated as food demand【C18】______. Recently David Tilman and Jason Hill of the University of Minnesota released a study【C19】______that global food demand could double by 2050. It"s【C20】______that our current, impractical food economy can sustain that demand.

Move over, organic, fair trade and free range—the latest in enlightened edibles is here: food with "embedded" positive intentions. While the idea isn"t new—cultures like the Navajo have been doing it for centuries—for-profit companies in the U.S. and Canada are catching on, infusing products with good vibes through meditation, prayer and even music. Since 2006, California company H20mhas sold water infused with wishes for "love," "joy" and "perfect health" via the words, symbols and colors on the label (which "create a specific vibratory frequency," according to co-founder Sandy Fox) and the restorative music played at their bottling warehouse. At Creo Mundi, a Canadian maker of protein powder, employees gather around each shipment and state aloud the benefits they hope to infuse it with for their consumers—increased performance, balance and vitality. Intentional Chocolate, founded in 2007 by chocolatier Jim Walsh, uses a special recording device to capture the electromagnetic brain waves of meditating Tibetan monks; Walsh then exposes his desserts to the recording for five days per batch. We hear your eyes rolling. But some claim there"s actually something to the idea that humans can alter the physical world with their minds, and they offer research to prove it. Dean Radin, a senior scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences in Petaluma, Calif., conducted a test in which, he says, subjects who ate Intentional Chocolate improved their mood 67% compared with people who ate regular chocolate. "If the Pope blessed water, everyone wants that water. But does it actually do something?" Radin asks. "The answer is yes, to a small extent." James Fallon, a professor of psychiatry and human behavior at the University of California at Irvine School of Medicine, is skeptical. "So I take a rutabaga, a round yellow root vegetable with a brown or purple skin, and put it close to my head, and it somehow changes the food and improves the mood of the person who ate it?" he asks. "Nah." Trick or not, in this economy any product that promises a spiritual pick-me-up could be in high demand. Since the recession, says Phil Lempert, editor of health-food site Supermarketguru.com "everyone is ready to jump off a bridge." With the right marketing, he says, embedded foods "could be huge." Still, not everyone is keen on the idea of packaging spirituality. Once the profit motive comes into play, "it"s difficult to keep things pure," says George Churinoff, a monk at Deer Park Buddhist Center in Oregon, Wis., who was involved with Intentional Chocolate in its early stages. "Then the product may not be blessed in any way with motivation except maybe to make money."

Weak dollar or no, $ 46,000—the price for a single year of undergraduate instruction amid the red brick of Harvard Yard—is【C1】______. But nowadays cost is【C2】______barrier to entry at many of America"s best universities. Formidable financial-assistance policies have【C3】______fees or slashed them deeply for needy students. And last month Harvard announced a new plan designed to【C4】______the sticker-shock for undergraduates from middle and even upper-income families too. Since then, other rich American universities have unveiled【C5】______initiatives. Yale, Harvard"s bitterest【C6】______, revealed its plans on January 14th. Students whose families make 【C7】______than $60,000 a year will pay nothing at all. Families earning up to $200,000 a year will have to pay an average of 10% of their incomes. The university will【C8】______its financial-assistance budget by 43%, to over $80m. Harvard will have a similar arrangement for families making up to $180,000. That makes the price of going to Harvard or Yale【C9】______ to attending a state-run university for middle-and upper-income students. The universities will also not require any student to take out 【C10】______to pay for their【C11】______, a policy introduced by Princeton in 2001 and by the University of Pennsylvania just after Harvard"s 【C12】______. No applicant who gains admission, officials say, should feel【C13】______ to go elsewhere because he or she can"t afford the fees. None of that is quite as altruistic as it sounds. Harvard and Yale are, after all, now likely to lure more students away from previously【C14】______options, particularly state-run universities, 【C15】______their already impressive admissions figures and reputations. The schemes also provide a【C16】______for structuring university fees in which high prices for rich students help offset modest prices for poorer ones and families are less【C17】______on federal grants and government-backed loans. Less wealthy private colleges whose fees are high will not be able to【C18】______Harvard or Yale easily. But America" s state-run universities, which have traditionally kept their fees low and stable, might well try a differentiated 【C19】______scheme as they raise cash to compete academically with their private【C20】______. Indeed, the University of California system has already started to implement a sliding-fee scale.

An E-mail for Invitation Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary. Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

When asked specifically about the creative process, Dr. Schutz explained that fear is most responsible for blocking the creativity of a person. Fear of not being creative. Some people simply【C1】______their creativity in specific circumstances【C2】______others in more extreme circumstances feel unable to be creative【C3】______. Either way, the creative process【C4】______becomes blocked. If you're worried about being creative, it's almost certain to【C5】______problems. For the best creative results【C6】______fear and let the ideas flow. Fear of lacking rationality. In order to best share ideas with others we need to【C7】______them in a logical and rational way. At times,【C8】______, it's best for the creative process to not worry too much about being logical. Trust your ability to come up with a rational【C9】______when your ideas are put into practice and don't let worrying about logic【C10】______the flow of ideas early on. Fear of humiliation and embarrassment. A fear of feeling inadequate will【C11】______your creativity. When we're【C12】______worried about other's opinions, the creative ideas will be【C13】______by our own anxieties. There is a time to worry about other's【C14】______, but that time is not during the early creative【C15】______. Fear of rejection. People can be very concerned that their idea will be【C16】______completely. Creativity will not【C17】______if a person is worried about a negative outcome. These fears are【C18】______if a person is working outside of what's【C19】______considered practical, feasible or possible. The【C20】______is that this is where some of the best creative ideas come from.

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-A-vesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period. (41)______. He argued that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society. Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples. (42)______. For example, an expression like "maiden dawn" for "sunrise" resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her. Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the distant past. (43)______. Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough. According to Frazer"s scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces (magic), later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation (science). The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1889), also influenced Frazer. Through Smith"s work, Frazer came to believe that many myths had their origin in the ritual practices of ancient agricultural peoples, for whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance. (44)______. This approach reached its most extreme form in the so called functionalism of British anthropologist A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth.Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core—whether the seasonal cycles o5 nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves. (45)______.A. German-born British scholar Max Muller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient India—the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language—reflected the earliest stages of an Indo-European mythology. Muiler attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena.B. The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called, was developed most fully by British scholar Jane Ellen Harrison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society.C. Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths—like dreams—condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.D. This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor. In Primitive Culture (1871), Tylor organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages.E. The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of German scholar Christian Gottlob Heyne, who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths (instead of fabula, meaning "fable") to refer to the tales of heroes and gods.F. German scholar Karl Otfried Mailer, followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology, t825.

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)A. Dr Daniel Stanley, an oceanographer, has found volcanic shards in Egypt that he believes are linked to the explosion. Computer simulations by Mike Rampino, a climate modeler from New York University, show that the resulting ash cloud could have plunged the area into darkness, as well as generating lightning and hail, two of the 10 plagues.B. The cloud could have also reduced the rainfall, causing a drought. If the Nile had then been poisoned by the effects of the eruption, pollution could have turned it red, as happened in a recent environmental disaster in America. The same pollution could have driven millions of frogs on to the land, the second plague. On land the frogs would die, removing the only obstacle to an explosion of flies and lice—the third and fourth plagues. The flies could have transmitted fatal diseases to cattle (the fifth plague) and boils and blisters to humans(the sixth plague).C. Moses, which will be broadcast in December 2002, will suggest that much of the Bible story can be explained by a single natural disaster, a huge volcanic eruption on the Greek island of Santorini in the 16th century B.C.D. The hour-long documentary argues that even the story of the parting of the Red Sea, which allowed Moses to lead the Hebrews to safety while the pursuing Egyptian army was drowned, may have its origins in the eruption. It repeats the theory that "Red Sea" is a mistranslation of the Sea of Reeds, a much shallower swamp.E. The programme tells the story of how Moses led the Hebrews out of Egypt after a series of plagues had devastated the country. But it also uses new scientific research to argue that many of the events surrounding the exodus could have been triggered by the eruption, which would have been a thousand times more powerful than a nuclear bomb.F. Computer simulations show that the Santorini eruption could have triggered a 600ft-high tidal wave, traveling at about 400 miles an hour, which would have been 6ft high and a hundred miles long when it reached the Egyptian delta. Such an event would have been remembered for generations, and may have provided the inspiration for the story.G. Fresh evidence that the Biblical plagues and the parting of the Red Sea were natural events rather than myths or miracles is to be presented in a new BBC documentary.Order: First paragraph is G and the last paragraph is F.

"AMZN" is a four-letter word to many booksellers. The online retailer has been【C1】______of killing the bookselling industry. It certainly has【C2】______high street chains. But physical bookstore booksellers may【C3】______from Amazon"s latest announcement. On January 7th the company【C4】______the option of free delivery—which it calls "Super Saver"—for book orders under ￡10 in Britain. This follows a【C5】______of the free-delivery option in July 2013, and【C6】______a similar scheme the retailer has introduced in America Amazon"s aim is to push customers towards its Prime service, which costs ￡49 a year for next-day delivery on orders of any price and also includes its locker service. This preferential treatment has proven【C7】______And they seem to buy more【C8】______than non-Prime customers. But the【C9】______carries a risk. Amazon may【C10】______casual book buyers, for whom a Prime subscription would be【C11】______from shopping online—and send them back to physical shops. Such buyers may【C12】______away from delivery charges that will now【C13】______25% or more of an order"s total【C14】______when buying a single book from Amazon. Readers could simply【C15】______their online buying habits, for instance by keeping a reading list and buying several books at a time. And the higher delivery【C16】______will make many books on Amazon as【C17】______as in high-street shops. Yet Amazon, which had a【C18】______Christmas season, selling 426 items each second, may not care if buyers give up physical books.【C19】______surveys show that people prefer the【C20】______of a newly printed book and the ability to crack the spine of a page-turner.

Two models have spoken out about the pressures they faced to stay skinny, shining a light on the continued body image issues faced by the fashion industry. Erin Heatherton, a former Victoria's Secret model, has revealed that she was pressurised to lose weight by the fashion house. Model Rosie Nelson, who had a similar experience to Heatherton, adds that the issue is made more problematic by the disconnect between what the public think modelling involves and the reality of it. " People think it's really glamorous and luxurious, with loads of freebies and getting paid millions. That' s not the case. There's an underlying pressure to stay thin and the thought that you will be rejected if your hips are too big." She said the industry sees models as "interchangable coat hangers" , writing that the key to success is the ability to stay a size 0-2 throughout your career. "Young models learn about it the hard way," she wrote. "If an agency catches the smallest weight gain, you are measured, told to lose weight immediately and reprimanded." Caryn Franklin, former co-editor of ID magazine and currently professor of Diversity at Kingston University, says that there is a culture of denial around the issue meaning that the fashion industry does not see what effect it is having in the wider world. "Women are made to self-objectify because they see objectification in fashion," she says. "Young women who have been engaging with fashion since they were seven or eight years old have been taught to see themselves as an exterior." Franklin adds that 30 years ago, models were shorter and bodies were more realistically proportioned. "Now the industry standard height is 5ft 11 in but the measurements that designers make to their samples haven't changed. The taller model therefore is under pressure to reduce her body accordingly." The testimony of Heatherton and Nelson comes days after a bill in California, aimed at reducing eating disorders among models, cleared its first legal hurdle. The bill, which requires the state to develop health standards for models in the state, passed the Assembly Labour and Employment Committee. "The goal of the bill is not only to protect the health of the workers themselves, but also to help young people to emulate the models," said Democratic politician Marc Levine, who authored it. Last December, France banned excessively thin models, partly as a response to the death of Isabelle Caro, a 28-year-old model who died of an eating disorder (anorexia). In 2012, Israel passed a law banning underweight models, and Italy and Spain have taken similar measures. Nelson is hopeful that through a new generation of designers such as Nasir Mazhir, who streetcasts his models, there will be a change.

CanIBuyInsuranceforMyMarriage?Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.

SetanExamplefortheChildrenWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

Shortly after September 11th, President Bushes father observed that just as Pearl Harbor awakened this country from the notion that we could somehow avoid the call of duty to defend freedom in Europe and Asia in World War Two, so, too, should this most recent surprise attack erase the concept in some quarters that America can somehow go it alone in the fight against terrorism or in anything else for that matter. But America"s allies have begun to wonder whether that is the lesson that has been learned—or whether the Afghanistan campaign"s apparent success shows that unilateralism works just fine. The United States, that argument goes, is so dominant that it can largely afford to go it alone. It is true that no nation since Rome has loomed so large above the others, but even Rome eventually collapsed. Only a decade ago, the conventional wisdom lamented an America in decline. Bestseller lists featured books that described America"s fall. Japan would soon become "Number One". That view was wrong at the time, and when I wrote "Bound to Lead" in 1989, I, like others, predicted the continuing rise of American power. But the new conventional wisdom that America is invincible is equally dangerous if it leads to a foreign policy that combines unilateralism, arrogance and parochialism. A number of advocates of "realist" international-relations theory have also expressed concern about America"s staying power. Throughout history, coalitions of countries have arisen to balance dominant powers, and the search for traditional shifts in the balance of power and new state challengers is well under way. Some see China as the new enemy; others envisage a Russia-China-India coalition as the threat. But even if China maintains high growth rates of 6% while the United States achieves only 20%, it will not equal the United States in income per head until the last half of the century. Still others see a uniting Europe as a potential federation that will challenge the United States for primacy. But this forecast depends on a high degree of European political unity, and a low state of transatlantic relations. Although realists raise an important point about the leveling of power in the international arena, their quest for new cold-war-style challengers is largely barking up the wrong tree. They are ignoring deeper changes in the distribution and nature of power in the contemporary world. The paradox of American power in the 21st century is that the largest power since Rome cannot achieve its objectives unilaterally in a global information age.

Of all forms of energy, electricity is the most widely used.