Nancy was a fixture at Madrid games in her school day.

BPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese./B

Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. (46) However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. (47) Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare"s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power; nor is Picasso"s painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism, what highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. (48) Aesthetic particular produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form. (49) This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart"s The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he topples the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. (50) Rather he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits — the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach — in strikingly original ways.

Air is (1)_____, and like all matter, it has weight. Weight is the measure of the (2)_____ of gravity (3)_____ matter. If a scale registers 10 kilograms when a stone is placed on it, this means that gravity pulls the stone with that (4)_____ force. (5)_____, earth"s gravity pulls on each (6)_____ of gas and dust on the atmosphere. Because our atmosphere is a. vast (7)_____ of air, it has (8)_____. If it could (9)_____ be compressed and put on a (10)_____ of scales, it would weigh about 5,700,000,000,000,000 (quadrillion) metric tons. The air pressed down on us and against us (11)_____ all sides. Something (12)_____ a ton of air is pressing against you at this moment. You are not (13)_____ of this because air pressure within your body (14)_____ the pressure of the air outside. Air pressure is 1.036 kilograms per square centimeter (14.7 pounds per square inch) at sea (15)_____. It is greatest there because that is the (16)_____ of the atmosphere. (17)_____ higher altitudes the pressure is (18)_____. That is why the (19)_____ of highflying planes are pressurized. They are designed to (20)_____ the air pressure our bodies must have.

Clothes, decorations, physique, hair and facial (1)_____ give a great deal of information about us. For instance, we wear clothes to keep us warm, (2)_____ unlike animals we do not have a protective (3)_____ of hair. But for the purpose of communication, we dress (4)_____ clothes of different colours, style and material; we wear jewellery and other valuables; we use cosmetics and perfume; we (5)_____ beards and sideburns; and we smoke pipes and carry walking sticks. Strict rules govern the clothes we wear. We do not, wear football boots with a dinner-jacket, (6)_____ a boiler suit to work in an insurance office. A clerk on Wall Street will wear more formal dress than someone in a (7)_____ job in a country town. Fashionable and smart (8)_____ are associated with good qualities, and well-dressed people have been (9)_____ to get more help and cooperation from (10)_____ strangers. For example, a woman is often given more (11)_____ of help with her broken-down car when she is dressed attractively than when she is dressed less (12)_____. Rebels consider themselves to be different from other people in society, and often (13)_____ their physical appearance to show this. In the last two decades in Britain there have been a number of (14)_____ movements with distinct uniforms. Hippies did not just wear simple clothes but dressed in a particular style that made them instantly (15)_____. But in our modern society some people (16)_____ choose particular clothes to project the personalities. (17)_____ types wear brighter colours than more reserved people. Some people wear odd (18)_____ of clothes to express their individuality. For example, someone (19)_____ give an impression of high social status, (20)_____ origin and bad temper by wearing an expensive suit.

Suppose you have messed things up when invited by your friend Frank to an American student party. Write a letter of apology to 1) appreciate for this opportunity, 2) state the detail for why you apologize, and 3) provide the possible way to make up. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address. (10 points)

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)A. Recent archaeological research has focused on a phenomenon barely noticed before: extensive patches of rich black soil found along the banks and on terraces above all major rivers in the Amazon. Some cover an area of many acres and are up to 6 feet deep. They are thought to have formed over many centuries as the accumulated product of organic remains left by native settlements. These soils are usually filled with fragments of busted ceramics and are now being studied for clues to the rise of tropical forest civilizations in the Amazon Basin. Local farmers regard the black soils as a "gift from the past" because they are naturally fertile and have the ability to support a wide range of crops.B. Secondly, there is a truly impressive diversity of languages, with several hundred distinct tongues and dialects. This verbal diversity must have evolved over thousands of years and implies an occupation of the Amazon basin for at least 14,000 years, a figure supported by archaeological evidence. The rock art in the Amazon Basin may be as old as human occupation itself. Images are carved and painted on exposed rock near rapids and waterfalls where fishing is most productive, and in caves and rock shelters close to archaeological sites.C. Two factors have been instrumental in lifting the veil of misunderstanding. First is a surprisingly diverse range of ceramic styles. Recent research seems to confirm that a creative explosion of styles occurred about 2,000 years ago. Archaeological digs in the highest reaches of the Upper Amazon have demonstrated the existence of a widespread style of painting large watertight jars in bold black, red and cream designs. This same style has been found on an isle at the mouth of the Amazon, and appears to have its origins where the Amazon meets the ocean, later spreading across much of the Upper Amazon. The style transcends local and regional cultures and points to considerable intercourse between societies along the vast river network.D. The native peoples of the Amazon can no longer be seen as isolated communities in the depths of the forest or dispersed along rivers. We still have much to learn about their societies, but the rainforest should no longer be seen as an untouched "paradise".E. Among the most exciting discoveries are funeral jars dating to A.D. 1400-1700 found in caves and rock shelters near the mouth of the Amazon. The bones of men, women and children were preserved in individually dedicated vessels. It seems that the sites were visited regularly over the years and new jars added as family members expired. These burials reflect the family ties of ancient settlements and their nurturing of links between the living and the dead.F. Population collapse and movement along the principal rivers of the Amazon system have contributed to a veil of misunderstanding that has long covered the cultural achievements of tropical forest societies. Diffuse bands hunting deep in the forest interior eventually came to be seen as the typical tropical forest adaptation. So much so that when archaeological studies began in earnest at the mouth of the Amazon in the 1950s, scientists argued that the sophisticated culture they were discovering could not have originated in the Amazon Basin itself, but must have been derived from more advanced cultures elsewhere. They imagined the tropical forest to be an "imitation paradise" unable to support much beyond a simple hunting-and-gathering way of life. This mistaken idea has exerted a persistent influence ever since.G. The future of the Amazon Basin is now a subject of fierce debate. Knowledge about the past has a vital role to play in planning and decision making for the future. Archaeology points to successful methods for adapting to the forest, grounded in practical expertise and empirical knowledge of the limitations and possibilities of this environment. These techniques for wise management are becoming a matter of global concern.Order: The first paragraph is F and the last is G.

Plans for buildings that are not just big but truly huge adorn the wails of Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF), an architectural firm in New York. Few people aspire to 200 storeys. In the aftermath of the World Trade Centre"s collapse 18 months ago, such towering schemes seemed to have no chance of becoming reality. Yet in April KPF will complete work on a Tokyo complex with a central skyscraper that will feature one of the highest floors in Japan. Submissions are being readied for still bigger projects in several different countries. Whether "bigness" makes business sense is the subject of intense debate. Europe has largely stayed out of the skyscraper race. A proposed 66-storey London Bridge Tower, which would be the continent"s largest building, may eventually go up. It would not stand out in Manhattan. Executives in the City of London, Europe"s largest financial market, contend that even in a non-earthquake-prone area, once a building rises much above 50 storeys the demand for additional elevators, stairwells and structural supports makes them unacceptably inefficient. True, up to a point, says Paul Katz, the architect at KPF, but the most efficient building is not necessarily the most valuable. There are some explicit benefits from sky scrapers, notably efficient energy usage, plus less tangible ones such as the savings and benefits that come from clustering employees in one place. Typically, where firms most like to operate, sites are scarce. As a result, it often makes sense to add floors, even at ever greater cost. Skyscrapers have risen slowly in Japan due to earthquake fears, but now they are going up. With New York"s economy suffering, redundancies mounting and continuing fear of terrorism, it is hard to imagine anybody financing new construction in the city, let alone a vast new skyscraper on a site that many believe should be used only as a memorial. But even before the events of September 11th, construction techniques were changing to resolve shortcomings that existed in the 1960s when work began on the World Trade Center. Rather than being supported merely by steel curtain walls, the new skyscrapers have concrete cores linked to strong columns in the outer walls. Nobody now underestimates the devastation that would be caused if an aircraft strikes a building; but at the least, the new crop of tall buildings are designed so that they would not collapse if hit by even the largest passenger plane. That may not sound particularly reassuring to anyone asked to work on the 100th floor. But the business of building to the sky dates back at least to the tower of Babel—and no disaster has stopped it for long.

Your neighbor often plays records so loudly deep into the night. Write a note to convey your complaint. You should write about 100 words and do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.

Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have long been intrigued by games, and not just as a way of avoiding work. Games provide an ideal setting to explore important elements of the design of cleverer machines, such as pattern recognition, learning and planning. They also hold out the tantalizing possibility of fame and fortune should the program ever beat a human champion. Ever since the stunning victory of Deep Blue, a program running on an IBM supercomputer, over Gary Kasparov, then world chess champion, in 1997, it has been clear that computers would dominate that particular game. Today, though, they are pressing the attack on every front. There is one game, however, where humans still reign supreme Go. Yet here too their grip is beginning to loosen. Go was invented more than 2,500 years ago in China. It is a strategic contest in which two players take turns to place stones on the intersections of a grid with 19 lines on each side. Each player tries to stake out territory and surround his opponent. The rules are simple but the play is extraordinarily complex. During a game, some stones will "die", and some will appear to be dead but spring back to life at an ill-timed moment. It is often difficult to say who is winning right until the end. Deep Blue beat Mr. Kasparov using the "brute force" technique. Rather than search for the best move in a given position, the computer considers all white"s moves, and all black"s possible replies, and all white"s replies to those replies, and so on for, say, a dozen turns. The resulting map of possible moves has millions of branches. The computer combs through the possible outcomes and plays the one move that would give its opponent the fewest chances of winning. Unfortunately, brute force will not work in Go. First, the game has many more possible positions than chess does. Second, the number of possible moves from a typical position in Go is about 200, compared with about a dozen in chess. Finally, evaluating a Go position is fiendishly difficult. The fastest programs can assess just 50 positions a second, compared with 500,000 in chess. In the past two decades researchers have explored several alternative strategies with indifferent results. Now, however, programmers are making impressive gains with a technique known as the Monte Carlo method. Given a position, a program using a Monte Carlo algorithm contemplates every move and plays a large number of random games to see what happens. If it wins in 80% of those games, the move is probably good. Otherwise, it keeps looking. The result is a new generation of fast programs that play particularly well on small versions of the Go board.

You will invite Professor Green to be the guest speaker at the NASHE 2007 annual conference (Beijing, China, 2007.12.15—12.18). Write a letter of invitation to Professor Green. You should write about 100 words and do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

Consequently, most of the world" s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.

Changes in the economy, Europe"s reunification and technological evolution challenge our educational system. Vocational education will be particularly touched. It will be then necessary to intervene in the field of higher vocational education. Their level of education has to be qualitatively redefined and adapted to current demands. Professionals will have new chances of promotion through these reforms. At this point, vocational education has to define itself as being equal to high school-university courses, while keeping its particularities. As far as employment opportunities are concerned, it is assumed that graduates from colleges of higher education have more or less the same chances to find a job as university graduates. In some areas, the former will probably even find employment easier, as their practical work experience is by far larger than university students. These may possess a much larger theoretical background as they start working but would in most cases need more time to get familiar with the practical side of their job. Those among higher vocational schools that satisfy the prerequisite for courses and research-development studies will be upgraded to colleges of higher education. We are happy to see that our higher vocational colleges (engineering school for example) have already good contacts with economical circles. By putting together different subjects and research-development facilities into a dozen of colleges of higher education, we will be able to guarantee quality education and a better use of already existing technical and financial means. We thus have to group schools together, most of which are being at present geographically separated. Vocational education, also giving the possibility to deepen professional knowledge through attractive courses, must offer a real alternative to general culture schools. The creation of the new advanced vocational diploma as well as the colleges of higher education must contribute to the education of our future elite. Every youngster will thus have the possibility to better develop his/her own abilities.

Write to the head of a train, and complain about its bad services. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

DifferentStages,DifferentNeedsA.Studythechartcarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200words.B.Youressayshouldcoverthesetwopoints:1)thechangeofone'sneedsinhis/herdifferentstages2)yourunderstanding

BPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese./B

Valentine' s Day may come from the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalia. 【B1】______the fierce wolves roamed nearby, the old Romans called【B2】______the god Lupercus to help them. A festival in his【B3】______was held on February 15th. On the eve of the festival the【B4】______of the girls were written on 【B5】______ of paper and placed in jars. Each young man 【B6】______ a slip. The girl whose name was 【B7】______ was to be his sweetheart for the year. Legend 【B8】______ it that the holiday became Valentine's Day 【B9】______ a Roman priest named Valentine. Emperor Claudius II【B10】______the Roman soldiers NOT to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt married soldiers would【B11】______stay home than fight. When Valentine【B12】______the Emperor and secretly married the young couples, he was put to death on February 14th, the【B13】______of Lupercalia. After his death, Valentine became a【B14】______. Christian priests moved the holiday from the 15th to the 14th—Valentine's Day. Now the holiday honors Valentine【B15】______of Lupercus. Valentine' s Day has become a major【B16】______of love and romance in the modern world. The ancient god Cupid and his【B17】______into a lover's heart may still be used to【B18】______falling in love or being in love. But we also use cards and gifts, such as flowers or jewelry, to do this.【B19】______to give flower to a wife or sweetheart on Valentine' s Day can sometimes be as【B20】______as forgetting a birthday or a wedding anniversary.

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)A. The strain of HIV that was discovered in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral duplication. In fact, the virus is missing so much of this particular gene-known as nef, for negative factor—that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function. And sure enough, while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells—white blood cells that are critical to the immune system"s ability to ward off infection—it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence.B. If this speculation proves right, it will mark a milestone in the battle to contain the late-20th century"s most terrible epidemic. For in addition to explaining why this small group of people infected with HIV has not become sick, the discovery of a viral strain that works like a vaccine would have far reaching implications. "What these results suggest", says Dr. Barney Graham of Tennessee"s Vanderbilt University, "is that HIV is vulnerable and that it is possible to stimulate effective immunity against it".C. But as six years stretched to 10, then to 14, the anxiety of health officials gave way to astonishment. Although two of the recipients have died from other causes, not one of the man"s contaminated blood has come down with AIDS. More telling still, the donor is also healthy. In fact his immune system remains as robust as if he had never tangled with HIV at all. What could explain such unexpected good fortune?D. At the very least, the nef gene offers an attractive target for drug developers. If its activity can be blocked, suggests Deacon, researchers might be able to bring the progression of disease under control, even in people who have developed full blown AIDS. The need for better AIDS-fighting drugs was underscored last week by the actions of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel, which recommended speedy approval of two new AIDS drugs. Although FDA commissioner David Kessler was quick to praise the new drugs, neither medication can prevent or cure AIDS once it has taken hold. What scientists really want is a vaccine that can prevent infection altogether. And that"s what makes the Sydney virus so promising and so controversial.E. A team of Australian scientists has finally solved the mystery. The virus that the donor contracted and then passed on, the team reported last week in the journal Science, contains flaws in its genetic script that appear to have rendered it harmless. "Not only have the recipients and the donor not progressed to disease for 15 years", marvels molecular biologist Nicholas Deacon of Australia"s Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, "but the prediction is that they never will". Deacon speculates that this "impotent" HIV may even be a natural inoculant that protects its carriers against more virulent strains of the virus.F. But few scientists are enthusiastic about testing the proposition by injecting HIV however weakened—into millions of people who have never been infected. After all, they note, HIV is a retrovirus, a class of infectious agents known for their alarming ability to integrate their own genes into the DNA of the cells they infect. Thus once it takes effect, a retrovirus infection is permanent.G. About 15 years ago, a well-meaning man donated blood to the Red Cross in Sydney, Australia, not knowing he has been exposed to HIV-1, the virus that causes AIDS. Much later, public health officials learned that some of the people who got transfusions containing his blood had become infected with the same virus; presumably they were almost sure to die.Order: G is the first paragraph and F is the last.

TheImportanceoftheSenseofResponsibilityWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

There (1)_____ not one type of reading but several according to your reasons for reading. To read efficiently, you have to (2)_____ your reading speed and technique (3)_____ your aim (4)_____ reading. Skimming is a technique necessary for quick and efficient reading. When skimming, you (5)_____ the reading (6)_____ quickly in order to get the (7)_____ of it, to know how it is organized, (8)_____ an idea of the tone or the intention of the writer. Skimming is (9)_____ an activity which (10)_____ an overall view of the text and (11)_____ a definite reading competence. Skimming doesn"t need reading all the material, but it doesn"t mean that it is an (12)_____ skill for the lazy, because it need a high degree of alertness and concentration. When you read, you usually start with (13)_____ understanding and move towards detailed understanding rather than working the other way round. But (14)_____ is also used after you have already carefully studied and you need to (15)_____ the major ideas and concepts. In order to be able to skim quickly and (16)_____ through a text, you should know where to to6k for what you want. In preview skimming you read the introductory information, the headings and subheadings, and the summary, if one is provided. (17)_____ this skimming, decide whether to read the material more thoroughly, and select the appropriate speed (18)_____ to read. The same procedure (19)_____ for preview skimming could also be used to get an overview. Another method would be to read only key words. This is done by omitting the unnecessary words, phrases, and sentences. In order to skim efficiently and fulfill your purpose, (20)_____ practice is necessary.