Your university is going to hold a " Chinese Dream" themed art performance and you are responsible for this activity. Write an invitation letter to your classmate Zhang Wei. Please specify the time, location, rehearsal information and express your wish for his attendance. 1. You should write about 100 words. 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. 3. Do not write the address.

An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, and harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger. It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries" economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain"s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve. There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which mean that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members" disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs. Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop stewards" in many unions, "shop stewards" being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.

Google already has a window into our souls through our Internet searches and it now has insight into our ailing bodies too. The Internet giant is using its vast database of individual search terms to 【B1】______ the e-mergence of flu up to two weeks 【B2】______ government epidemiologists. Google Flu Trends uses the 【B3】______ of people to seek online help for their health problems. By tracking 【B4】______ for terms such as "cough", "fever" and "aches and pains", it claims to be able to 【B5】______ estimate where flu is【B6】______. Google tested the idea in nine regions of the US and found it could accurately predict flu 【B7】______ between 7 and 14 days earlier than the federal centres for disease control and prevention. Google hopes the idea could also be used to help 【B8】______ other diseases. Flu Trends is limited 【B9】______ the US. Jeremy Ginsberg and Matt Mohebb, two software engineers【B10】______in the project, said that【B11】______in Google search queries can be very【B12】______. In a blog post on the project they wrote: "It turns【B13】______that traditional flu surveillance systems take 1 to 2 weeks to collect and【B14】______surveillance data but Google search queries can be【B15】______counted very quickly. By making our estimates【B16】______each day,Flu Trends may provide an early-warning system for outbreaks of influenza." They explained that【B17】______information health would be kept【B18】______. "Flu Trends can never be used to identify individual users【B19】______we rely on anonymised, aggregated counts of how often certain search queries【B20】______each week."

Wearable gadgets like smart watches and Google Glass can seem like a fad that has all the durability of CB radios or Duran Duran, but they're important early signs of a new era of technology that will drive investment and innovation for years. Tech companies are pushing out waves of wearable technology products—all of them clumsy and none of them yet really catching on. Samsung is excitedly hawking its Galaxy Gear smart watch, and Google, Apple, Qualcomm, and others are expected to come out with competing versions. Google Glass gets lots of gee-whiz attention, and every, other day, someone new introduces a fitness tracker, a GPS kid-monitoring bracelet, or—yeah, seriously—interactive underwear. These are all part of a powerful trend: Over the past 40 years, digital technology has consistently moved from far away to close to us. Go back long enough, and computers the size of Buicks stayed in the back rooms of big companies. Most people never touched them. By the late 1970s, technology started moving to office desks—first as terminals connected to those hidden computers, and then as early personal computers. The next stage: We wanted digital technology in our homes, so we bought desktop PCs. A "portable" computer in the mid-1980s, like the first Compaq, was the size of a carry-on suitcase and about as easy to lug as John Goodman. But by the 1990s, laptops got better and smaller, for the first time liberating digital technology from a place and attaching it more to a person. Now we want our technology with us all the time. This era of the smartphone and tablet began with the iPhone in 2007. The "with us" era is accelerating even now: IBM announced that it's making its powerful Watson computing—the technology that beat humans on Jeopardy! —available in the cloud, so it can be accessed by consumers on a smart device. In technology's inexorable march from far away to close to us, and now with us, there are only three places left for it to go; on us, all around us, and then in us. "Wearable is the next paradigm shift," says Philippe Kahn, who invented the camera phone and today is developing innards for wearable tech. "We are going to see a lot of innovation in wearable in the next seven years, by 2020." Hard to know which products will catch on. Glasses are an obvious way to wear a screen, but most people don't want to look like a tech geek. The masses might get interested if Google Glass can be invisibly built into hot-looking frames. A start-up called Telepathy is developing a slim arm that holds a microprojector that shoots images back to your eye. Another concept is to build a device with a tiny projector that suspends text or image out in front of you, like a heads-up display.

Video games have become increasingly realistic, especially those involving armed combat. America' s armed forces have even used video games 【B1】______ recruitment and 【B2】______ tools. But the desire to play games is not the 【B3】______ why the United States Air Force recently 【B4】______ a procurement request for 2,200 Sony PlayStation 3 (PS3) video-game consoles. It intends to link them 【B5】______ to build a supercomputer that will【B6】______Linux, a free, open-source operating system. It will be used for research, including the development of high-definition imaging systems for radar, and will cost around one-tenth as much as a conventional supercomputer. The air force has already built a smaller computer 【B7】______ a cluster of 336 PS3s. This is merely the latest example of a (n) 【B8】______ trend. There is a long tradition of technology developed for military use filtering 【B9】______ to consumer markets: satellite-navigation systems【B10】______to guide missiles can also help hikers find their way, and head-up displays have【B11】______from jet fighters to family cars. But technology is increasingly moving in the other【B12】______, too, as consumer products are【B13】______for military use. Traditionally the military has preferred to develop and control its own technology, not just for tactical advantage but also to【B14】______that equipment was tough and【B15】______enough for those whose lives would depend on it. That began to change after the cold war as defence budgets became【B16】______and the development of【B17】______industrial and consumer products accelerated. As some of these technologies have become commoditised products which are【B18】______to everyone—friend and foe alike—there seems less【B19】______not to buy them and use the savings for more critical equipment that needs to be built-to-order. And consumer products can often be tweaked to make them more rugged or【B20】______when necessary.

The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "flow to" aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview, which seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modem Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, the understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanarticleonthewasteofenergy.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)describethepicture,and2)analysethereasonsandgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160～200wordsneatly.

Your classmate Helen has just won the first prize in the long-distance race of 5000 meters in the Spring Sports Meet of your university. 1. Write a letter in about 100 words to congratulate her. 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead. 3. Do not write the address.

Suppose Li Ming has caught a flu. He wants you to write a note to your teacher and ask for leave for three days. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Hua" instead. You do not need to write the address.

APet"sWishWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

When George Bush left the presidency on January 20th, many Americans were keen to turn the page. They have warmly welcomed a new cast of characters, from Barack and Michelle down to Bo the Portuguese water dog. But some members of the Bush crew are much in the news. Karl Rove, an influential adviser, is penning weekly editorials and has been scrapping with Joe Biden, the vice president. Dick Cheney has been on television growling about Mr. Obama"s approach to national security. In Spain, a court is deciding whether Alberto Gonzales, the former attorney-general, and five other administration officials can be accused of torture. Mr. Bush himself has mostly kept a low profile since returning to Texas. He and Laura settled into their new house, in a select part of Dallas. He threw the first ball at a Texas Rangers baseball game and visited a hardware shop. He has been jogging and riding his bicycle. He has given one speech, in Canada, at which he declined to criticize the new president. "He deserves my silence," said Mr. Bush. But Mr. Bush will not be silent for ever. He has started to write his memoirs, which will skip the usual format and be organized around a series of 12 momentous decisions. The format makes sense, given Mr. Bush"s view of history and his role in it. "I"m the decider," he said in 2006, defending his decision to keep Donald Rumsfeld as defense secretary. It was one of his least popular decisions, and Mr. Bush"s many critics thought it was a bull-headed thing to say. But perhaps it was simply an existential comment. The president is the decider. There is no getting round that. The "decider" idea will extend to the George W. Bush Presidential Centre, to be housed at Southern Methodist University in Dallas. The centre will include a policy institute as well as the usual library and museum. On April 14th Mr. Bush gathered about 20 of his old employees in Dallas, including the former secretary of state, Condoleezza Rice, and a former speechwriter, Michael Gerson, to work out strategy. The policy institute will be unashamedly ideological. The museum, like the memoirs, will be organized around a series of decisions. The list has not been finalized, though some are obvious choices, such as the decisions to invade Iraq and Afghanistan. Mark Langdale, president of the George W. Bush Foundation, thinks that Mr. Bush"s 2007 decision to pursue immigration reform should make the cut. The effort failed in the Senate, but failure is part of any human story. That goes for presidents, too. "Sometimes they succeed, and sometimes they don"t, but the journey continues," says Mr. Langdale.

Conversations about elderly parents and technology usually center on safety, in particular on devices designed to alert a call center in case of trouble. But our parents are more than the sum of their maladies. Instead of keeping the safe, can't some of these devices help keep them happy? Experts say the key to making tech work for Mom and Dad is not to buy the newest cool thing, but to look for a device or software that fulfills a basic need, that does something they particular want to do. And it's helpful if the learning curve involves an element or two already familiar to them. "The question is what' s the motivation? " said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the center on aging at the university of California, Los Angeles, and the author of iBrain: surviving the technological alteration of the modern mind. "For technology to become 'sticky' with the older generation, we have to get into their heads and understand what make them think this is fun," he added. "The bells and whistles that might attract us are too counterintuitive." Dr. Small says that device for the elderly should answer three criteria, in this order: simplicity of use, availability of phone assistance and hardware that's easy to manipulate. Once installation and set-up are completely—likely the responsibility of a tech-sawy adult child—enjoyment has to outweigh effort. Beyond that, it is important to evaluate how large a technology leap an aging parent will be willing to take. Those who know their way around a VCR or DVD player will be a likelier to embrace a device that requires new equipment or an occasional call to a help number. Dr. Small like single-application devices that meet a personal need for the technological newcomer—like ones that send and receive e-mail, making it easier to stay in touch with family and see those digital photos of a new grandchild. Reading devices like the kindle are also popular with the older users, because they make an enjoyable, lifelong activity easier by replacing a heavy book with lightweight tablet. A reader can be ideal for a parent who travels and wants to take more than one book along. The right motivation can overcome a parent's doubt or anxiety about adopting new technology. Dr. Small' s father, a practicing physician in his 80s, avoided technology until the hospital where he worked switched to electronic records. Suddenly he had no choice. If he wanted to continue to work, he had to wade in. Dr. Cartensen says that electronic manufacturers have failed to develop products for elder users "because of stereotypes which suggest that older people aren't interested, even when they might be," and because marketers think "they can simply wait until younger cohorts grow old, knowing the problem will be solved." But there are signs of change on the horizon, several of them involving that most familiar of technologies, like the television set.

When people talk about the digital divide, they usually mean the【B1】______between people who are benefiting from the information revolution, and those who through lack of 【B2】______ or money are 【B3】______ out. But at a United Nations conference in Brazil that concluded on April 19th, a different (though related) sort of divide was on 【B4】______, and ten days' chatter by over 100 countries failed to 【B5】______ it. If there was one thing on which almost everybody agreed, it was that criminals are【B6】______computer technology much faster 【B7】______ most governments are learning to foil them. Rich countries say they are 【B8】______ by fraudsters, pornographers and hackers operating【B9】______poor places where they will never be caught—because their "【B10】______" governments can' t or won' t stop them. One response is the Budapest Convention, an accord【B11】______at the Council of Europe in 2001, and ratified by the United States in 2006. One of its【B12】______is to let authorities in one country give【B13】______, at least electronically, to criminals in another. But Russia has【B14】______the principle of "transborder access", especially since 2000, when American agents hacked【B15】______the computers of two Russians who were【B16】______American banks.【B17】______, Russia is backing a UN treaty which would be respectful of borders while also giving police more powers to shut down websites【B18】______in "propaganda." Many countries like that idea—but not enough to push it【B19】______. For now, the only【B20】______are the criminals.

The robots are coming. The second decades of the 21th century will see the rise of merchandized army that will revolutionize the private and public life as radically as the internet and social media have shaken up the past ten years. Or so says Marina Gorbis, futurologist and head of Califor-nian think-tank the Institute for the Future (IFTF). Gorbis says robots will increasingly dominate everything. Robots are likely to prompt a political storm to equal the row over immigration as they increasingly replace workers. But it' s not bad news."When the IBM's Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the chess grand master Gary Kasparov, as a person that's it, computers are smarter than people," she says." But it doesn't mean that at all . It seems they are processing things faster not that they are thinking better." Working together she believes robots and humans will be able to create a world of new possibilities impossible before our new industrial revolution. Inevitably the rise of the robots will put people out of work. Gorbis believes that this and other trend will mean unemployment will remain around 10% in many parts of the developed world of the coming year. We are in the transition. It is similar to when we mechanized agriculture. After that we went through a period of high unemployment as people transitioned to new kinds of jobs. People learn to do other things. Robots get a bad press. With a few cute exceptions the robot has been an evil character in movies going back to Fritz Lang's Metropolis in 1927. In Japan and Korea, where many of the great robot innovators are likely to come from, attitudes are more positive. We too are likely to become more robotic, Gorbis believes. "We have been modifying ourselves with technology forever. We are going to see more of that. Sensors are going to on our bodies, in our bodies letting us and others know what we are doing, what is going on with our health. All kinds of applications we haven't even thought of yet. But "with all information being bombarded at us it so no wonders that people worry," she said. "I feel paradoxical myself. Half time I feel really depressed when I look at say climate changed or the potential to misuse technology." So the technology needs an easy access to the right guide of humans.

Cyberspace, data superhighways, multi media—for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological Utopia, little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the "how", the question of "for whom" is put aside once again. Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets—with destructive impact on the have-nots. For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As "futures" are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves—so-called "development communications" modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries" economies. Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit—credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain. Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.

(46) The steadily growing number of single-person households in Britain has raised plenty of troubling issues—how to build enough dwellings to accommodate them, what to do about the decline in traditional family cohesion—to keep planners and sociologists busy. But one as yet unstudied side-effect of this social trend appears to be an explosion in the cat population. The Pet Food Manufacturers" Association reckons that the number of dogs has declined from a peak of 7.4 million in 1990 to 6.5 million now. (47) Meanwhile the domestic cat population has risen steadily, overtaking dog numbers in 1993 to stand now at about 8 million, twice as many as there were in 1965. Changing life-styles, more than anything else, are responsible for this. (48) More single-person households and more married women at work means that fewer households are able to give a dog the walks and other attention it needs. Cats, on the other hand, apart from daily feeding, can be left pretty much to their own devices. Which also means that they sometimes wander off in search of a better place to stay if the mood takes them. This causes another problem: feral eats. (49) As cats are harder to round up than dogs, and breed prolifically—a pair can produce ten offspring a year—large colonies of 80 or so cats hiding out in disused buildings are increasingly common. While the Royal Society for the Protection of Animals and the Cat Protection League re-house about 125,000 lost or unwanted cats a year, the League guesses that there may be about 1.2m wild cats in Britain. (50) If they are not a nuisance the animal charities neuter the ones they can catch and then leave them alone. Animal-lovers are pleased. Bird-lovers are not. They blame cats for the sharp decline in the number of small birds in Britain. The League, however, has an. idea for making wild cats socially useful. It tries to persuade farmers and garden centres to take them on as environmentally-friendly rat-catchers. A bunch of neutered, wild cats could well be an efficient way of controlling a potentially plague of rats and mice.

The word Renaissance has of late years received a more extended significance than that which is implied in our English equivalent—the Revival of learning. We use it to denote the whole transition from the Middle Ages to the modern world;【F1】 though it is possible to assign certain limits to the period during which this transition took place, we cannot fix on any dates so positively as to say between this year and that the movement was accomplished. To do so would be like trying to name the days on which spring in any particular season began and ended. The evolution has not been completed. In like manner we cannot refer the whole phenomena of the Renaissance to any one cause or circumstance, or limit them within the field of any one department of human knowledge.【F2】 Students of literature and philosophy see in the Renaissance that discovery of manuscripts, that progress in philology and criticism, which led to a correct knowledge of the classics, to a fresh taste in poetry, to new systems of thought, to more accurate analysis, and finally to the emancipation of the conscience. Men of science will discourse about the discovery of the solar system by Copernicus and Galileo, the anatomy of Vesalius. Men whose attention has been turned to the history of discoveries and inventions will point to the benefits conferred upon the world by the arts of printing and engraving, by the compass and the telescope.【F3】 They will insist that at the moment of the Renaissance all the instruments of mechanical utility started into existence, to aid the dissolution of what was rotten and must perish, to strengthen and perpetuate the new and useful and life-giving. Yet neither any one of these answers, taken separately, nor indeed all of them together, will offer a solution of the problem.【F4】 By the term "renaissance," or new birth, is indicated a natural movement, not to be explained by this or that characteristic, but to be accepted as an effort of humanity in the onward progress in which we still participate. The history of the Renaissance is not the history of arts or of sciences or of literature or even of nations.【F5】 It is the history of the attainment of self-conscious freedom by the human spirit manifested in the European races.

BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B

Writeanessaythatconveystheinformationinthefollowingchart/graphaccompaniedbyyourcomments.Youressaymustbewrittenclearlywithin160—200words.

You are going to read an article which is followed by a list of examples or headings. Choose the most suitable one from the list A-F for each numbered position(41-45). There may be certain extra which you do not need to use. (10 points)A. The consequence of losing bonesB. A better lab in space than on earthC. Two different casesD. Multiple effects form weightlessnessE. How to overcome weightlessnessF. Factors that are not so sure During weightlessness, the forces within the body undergo dramatic change. Because the spine is no longer compressed, people grow taller. The lungs, heart and other organs within the chest have no weight, and as a result, the rib cage and chest relax and expand. Similarly, the weights of the liver, kidneys, stomach and bowels disappear. One astronaut said after his flight: "You feel your guts floating up. I found myself tightening my belly, sort of pushing things back." (41)______. Meanwhile muscles and bones come to be used in different ways. Our muscles are designed to support us when stand or sit uptight an4 to move body parts. But in space, muscles used for support on the ground are no longer needed for that purpose; moreover, the muscles used for movement around a capsule differ from those used for walking down a hall. Consequently, some muscles rapidly weaken. This doesn"t present a problem to space travelers as long as they perform only light work. But preventing the loss of muscle tissue required for heavy work during space walks and preserving muscle for safe return to Earth are the subject of many current experiments. Studies have shown that astronauts lose bone mass from the lower spine, hips and upper leg at a rate of about 1 percent per month for the entire duration of their time in space. Some sites, such as the heel, lose calcium faster than others. Studies of animals taken into space suggest that bone formation also declines. (42)______. Needless to say, these data are indeed cause for concern. During space flight, the loss of bone elevates calcium levels in the body, potentially causing kidney stones and calcium crystals to form in other tissues. Back on the ground, the loss of bone calcium stops within one month, but scientists do not yet know whether the bone recovers completely: too few people have flown in space for long periods. Some bone loss may be permanent, in which case ex-astronauts will always be more prone to broken bones. (43)______. These questions mirror those in our understanding of how the body works here on Earth. For example, elderly women are prone to a loss of bone mass. Scientists understand that many different factors can be involved in this loss, but they do not yet know how the factors act and interact; this makes it difficult to develop an appropriate treatment. So it is with bone loss in space, where the right prescription still awaits discovery. (44)______. Many other body systems are affected directly and indirectly. One example is the lung. Scientists have studied the lung in space and learned much they could not have learned in laboratories on earth. On the ground the top and bottom parts of the lung have different patterns of air flow and blood flow. But are these patterns the result only of gravity, or also of the nature of the lung itself? Only recently have studies in space provided clear evidence for the latter. Even in the absence of gravity, different parts of the lung have different levels of air flow and blood flow. (45)______. Not everything that affects the body during space flight is related solely to weightlessness. Also affected, for example, are the immune system and the multiple systems responsible for the amount and quality of sleep (light levels and work schedules disrupt the body"s normal rhythms). Looking out the spacecraft window just before going to sleep (an action difficult to resist, considering the view) can let enough bright light into the eye to trigger just the wrong brain response, leading to poor sleep. As time goes on, the sleep debt accumulates. For long space voyages, travelers must also face being confined in a tight volume, unable to escape, isolated from the normal life of Earth, living with a small, fixed group of companions who often come from different cultures. These challenges can lead to anxiety, depression, crew tension and other social issues, which affect astronauts just as much as weightlessness-perhaps even more. Because these factors operate at the same time the body is adapting to other environmental changes, it may not be clear which physiological changes result from which factors. Much work remains to be done.