Write a notice. Your class is going camping. Write a notice with a list of Dos and Dont"s. Think of the following: where to put up your tents; shade; washing up; bathing; lighting fires; cooking; boiling water; storing food; animals; toilets You should write about 100 words.

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health." But【C1】______some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does【C2】______short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 【C3】______heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to【C4】______, a good laugh is unlikely to have【C5】______benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. 【C6】______, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the【C7】______. Studies dating back to the 1930"s indicate that laughter【C8】______muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help【C9】______the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of【C10】______feedback that improve an individual"s emotional state.【C11】______one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted【C12】______physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry【C13】______they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also【C14】______tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow【C15】______muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wu rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to【C16】______a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a (n)【C17】______expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles【C18】______more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,【C19】______that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【C20】______, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.

Your friend Steven and Jenny have just had a new baby boy. Please write a letter to congratulate them. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. You do not need to write the address.

【F1】 Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child"s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender.【F2】 In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity. There is some relationship between age and children"s characteristic reaction to divorce.【F3】 As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls" adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained?【F4】 The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent.【F5】 Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents" fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.

Is anti-white bias a problem? A new study says whites think discrimination against them is a bigger problem than anti-black bias. They feel threatened by "【C1】______racism". In what some have called the new post-racial era, what constitutes discrimination is【C2】______. A new study has found that Americans think significant progress has been made in the fight【C3】______anti-black bias. But white Americans【C4】______that progress as coming at their【C5】______and that anti-white bias has become a more【C6】______social problem than anti-black bias. White Americans see blacks" progress as a(n) 【C7】______of their status. Is this finding surprising? Do we see this view【C8】______in government policies or court decisions? If so, how? Our recent research【C9】______that white and black Americans agree that bias against blacks was【C10】______in the 1950"s and 1960"s. And many Americans support the march【C11】______full and equal rights for all. 【C12】______when blacks see such racism as continuing, whites【C13】______to see it as a problem that has been more or less "solved". Many whites now believe that it"s anti-white bias that"s on a rise, to the point where it"s even more【C14】______than anti-black bias. Why would the perception of anti-white bias have increased【C15】______among whites, particularly in recent years? The answer is still【C16】______. What is certain is that this【C17】______is a danger to the nation. In fact, for all the gains of the civil rights movement, blacks【C18】______among the poorest, most isolated and most unemployed of all Americans. But such reality is【C19】______to white fellow citizens who are【C20】______instead by fantasies of competitive victimhood.

A war on sugar has begun in the UK that echoes the nation's successful campaign against salt. The effort is【C1】______because it could help to reduce obesity, but cutting sugar out of people's diets poses【C2】______challenges. Last week, a group of academics and policy【C3】______specializing in medicine and【C4】______announced that they had formed a campaign group, Action on Sugar. Their idea is to convince manufacturers to【C5】______and gradually lower the【C6】______of sugar added to foods—so slowly that it isn't missed by【C7】______. It is essentially the same【C8】______as a campaign that is【C9】______credited with reducing British people's salt intake. Over the past decade, CASH, a non-government organisation, helped to create anti-salt【C10】______aimed at the general public,【C11】______year-by-year targets for companies to reduce salt levels. These were【C12】______but had the backing of the government, and it was【C13】______that the targets would be legally enforced if companies【C14】______. Most manufacturers lowered their salt levels —and,【C15】______, there has been a 15 per cent【C16】______in salt intake in the UK, according to CASH. Repeating the trick with sugar may be more【C17】______not least because we do not know for sure if our palates(sense of taste)can adjust to eating food that is less【C18】______. By contrast, studies have shown that if volunteers are forced to eat a less salty diet, over several weeks they gradually begin to【C19】______food that is less salty. "There's no reason to think that would not hold【C20】______for sweet taste too," says Charles Spence, a neurogas-tronomist at the University of Oxford.

Amtrak—the largest railway company in the U.S.—was experiencing a downswing in ridership.【B1】______major concerns to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes 【B2】______ ridership had been declining【B3】______. At one time, trains were the only practical way to 【B4】______ the vast areas of the west. Trains were faster, luxurious, and quite convenient 【B5】______ to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America' s standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily【B6】______itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances.【B7】______, the task for DDB Needham was to【B8】______consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to 【B9】______ their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered【B10】______travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted: anxious fliers—those concerned with【B11】______, and travel-lovers—those【B12】______themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of【B13】______vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel【B14】______such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It【B15】______experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that【B16】______be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains(Empire Builder, etc.). These ads were strategically placed among【B17】______oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most【B18】______reach target audiences. Results were【B19】______. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad. enjoyed a 15 percent【B20】______in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.

Writeanessayof160~200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

Public image refers to how a company is viewed by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the financial community, by the communities【C1】______it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable【C2】______considerable extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are. A firm" s public image plays a vital role in the【C3】______of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders【C4】______stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as 【C5】______special groups. With some things it is impossible to【C6】______all the diverse publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the approval of creditors and stockholders,【C7】______ it will undoubtedly find 【C8】______from employees who see their jobs【C9】______. On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval,【C10】______low quality products and【C11】______claims would be widely looked down upon. A firm"s public image, if it is good, should be treasured and protected. It is a valuable【C12】______ that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has learned a quality image, this is not easily【C13】______or imitated by competitors. Such an image may enable a firm to 【C14】______higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most【C15】______creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm" s stock to command higher price-earnings【C16】______than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image. A number of factors affect the public image of a corporation.【C17】______include physical【C18】______, contacts of outsiders【C19】______company employees, product quality and dependability, prices【C20】______to competitors, customer service, the kind of advertising and the media and programs used, and the use of public relations and publicity.

The Energy Department has recommended expanding the amount of nuclear waste that could he stored in an underground repository at Yucca Mountain in Nevada to avoid the need for a second dump. It is a sensible proposal that also is an urgent reminder of how little progress has been made in solving one of the most vexing problems of the nuclear age. Tens of thousands of tons of spent fuel and military waste have been piling up at temporary storage sites around the country while the federal government has struggled, unsuccessfully, to find a long-term solution. Expert groups have long recommended that the nuclear waste should be buried deep underground in a stable, leak-resistant geological formation that would keep it bottled up for many millenniums. Yucca Mountain, the only site now under consideration, has run into so many technical problems and so much political opposition that its future is uncertain. The site is still awaiting licensing from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. In the 1980s when Congress ordered the Energy Department to look for places to bury long-lived radioactive wastes, it visualized two underground repositories one in the West and one in the East—to spread the burden fairly. Congress eventually chose one site in Nevada, which lacked the political clout at the time to push it elsewhere. The only concession to Nevada was that no more than 70,000 metric tons could be stored at Yucca Mountain until a second repository was in operation. The amount of spent reactor fuel and military waste now stored at production sites and waiting for permanent disposal is expected to reach that limit by 2010. The Energy Department now has recommended that the statutory limit be eliminated so that consideration of a second repository can be deferred. Without specifying any particular capacity, the report notes that Yucca Mountain could physically accommodate at least three times the statutory limit. It would make sense to expand Yucca Mountain rather than undertake the arduous and controversial process of evaluating sites in other states. The political tides are running against the Yucca Mountain site. During a primary debate in Las Vegas, Barack Obama pledged to Nevada voters that he would "end the notion of Yucca Mountain". A currently powerful Nevada Congressional delegation also is pushing to kill off the project. Our hope is that opponents of the repository will wait for a verdict from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission before prejudging the site as unacceptable. Nuclear waste is piling up and the country needs to find a safe place to store it.

A.Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160words.B.Youressaymustbewrittenclearly.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Interpretthefollowingpictures,2)analyzepossiblereasons,and3)predictthetendencies.

(46) If you consult comparative global economic and social statistics, it is not difficult to paint a bleak picture of Arab failure, based on a broad pattern of underperformance in investment, productivity, trade, education, social development and even culture. The total manufacturing exports of the entire Arab world have recently been below those of the Philippines or Israel. From 1980 to 2000 Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Syria and Jordan between them registered 367 patents in the United States. Over the same period Korea alone registered 16, 328 and Israel 7, 652. The number of books translated into Arabic every year in the entire Arab world is one-fifth the number translated by Greece into Greek. Comparisons like these need to be treated with care. For millions of Arabs, living conditions have improved rather than deteriorated over recent decades. (47) Indeed, the starkest economic challenge Arabs face — a massive population explosion — is itself the product of big strides in immunisation, nutrition and child health. In a survey of Arab economies published in 2007 by the Peterson Institute for International Economics, Marcus Noland and Howard Pack reported that on fundamental social indicators such as literacy, poverty and education the Arab countries do as well as or better than most other countries with similar incomes. And within the Arab world there are vast regional discrepancies that limit the value of generalisations. (48) In 2002 The Economist noted in a special report on the Gulf states that the six desert monarchies since 1970 had trebled literacy levels to 75%, added 20 years to average life expectancy and created a world-class infrastructure by spending a total of $ 2 trillion. Some of these gains are now threatened by the global economic downturn. (49) The bursting of the property and tourism bubble in the Gulf will have impact throughout the region, and most of the migrant workers there hail from Asia, but a lot are also sucked in from the poorer Arab countries. They — and Arabs working in Europe — are now losing their jobs and heading home, so families and home economies are deprived of precious remittances. The World Bank reckons that remittances make up about a fifth of GDP in Lebanon and Jordan. Egypt will be hit too: an unknown number of Egyptians, but at least several million, live and work abroad, many of them in the Gulf. And yet the present downturn is not the Arabs"main economic worry. If anything, Arab countries are less vulnerable than other parts of the world. The energy producers still have the cash windfall they collected before oil prices tumbled — and now prices are rising again. (50) As for the wider Arab world, what in good times is a disadvantage — the fact that their economies and financial institutions are weakly integrated into the global economy — is at present providing a measure of shelter from the storm.

"Deadpool", which so far has taken more than $500m in cinemas worldwide, is an atypical blockbuster, a foul-mouthed anti-hero film with a mature "R" audience rating. But in one important respect it is typical of many of Hollywood' s most successful movies: it does not rely on a world-famous star to sell it. 【C1】______What happened? Ms Lawrence is by the reckoning of some the biggest star in Hollywood's firmament; Mr Smith held that unofficial title for years. Have film stars lost some of their lustre? Overall, the cinema business' s health seems as rude as ever. 【C2】______The industry has held up well against increased competition from streaming services that give people plenty of option stars with the biggest global profiles, such as Tom Cruise and Leonardo DiCaprio, are instantly recognizable in lucrative overseas markets. 【C3】______ Such productions are more likely to make stars than to be made by them. "You really don't want to have a movie star" in certain big franchises, says a senior studio executive: the films will be hits either way, so why pay more? An analysis by The Economist of two decades of box-office results in America and Canada does not refute Ms Lawrence' s status as one of the biggest box-office draws. 【C4】______ Hollywood executives still want to believe in stars' power to get bums on seats, so they will bet again on a headliner even after a few flops. Academic studies in recent decades have generally failed to find any conclusive evidence to support studio bosses' faith in stars' pulling power. 【C5】______It helps to have a damsel in distress, but it does not really which damsel. [A]But much of the industry's recent success, at home and abroad, comes from the rise of the big special-effects event film: franchises like "Fast and Furious", "Avengers", "The Hunger Games", "Jurassic Park", James Bond and "Star Wars" [B]In contrast, two recent "star vehicle" films struggled to attract audiences despite heavy promotion and high-profile openings on Christmas Day in America. "Joy", with Jennifer Lawrence, and "Concussion", with Will Smith, both failed to earn back their production budgets at the domestic box office and also fared poorly overseas. [C]The 2015 film, "Terminator: Genisys", a flop in America with $ 90m in takings on a $155m production budget, was a blockbuster overseas, earning $35 lm, including $113m in China. But At least 14 films with more than $500m each led in worldwide box-office takings last year. [D]Our own analysis suggests only that a few of them do add a bit to box-office receipts. And they reckon that as long as the stars look good and can act, they make scant difference, with at best a very few exceptions. [E]Revenue from the American box office grew by 6.3% in 2015, to a record high of $11 billion. Thanks to droves of new film-goers in China, where the market grew by 49% last year, global revenues increased by 4% to $38 billion. [F]But it is hard statistically to disentangle her singular appeal from the massive success of the franchise films she has been in. By the same token, she should perhaps not be blamed for the poor performance of "Joy"—without Jennifer Lawrence in it, it would have been a flop, a total flop. [G]Jennifer Lawrence was not "Jennifer Lawrence, biggest female movie star in the world" until she made the first "Hunger Games" film.

The best salespeople first establish a mood of trust and rapport by means of "hypnotic pacing" statements and gestures that play back a customer"s observations, experience, or behavior. Pacing is a kind of mirror-like matching, a way of suggesting: "I am like you. We are in sync. You can trust me". The simplest form of pacing is "descriptive pacing", in which the seller formulates accurate, if banal, descriptions of the customer"s experience. "It"s been awfully hot these last few days, hasn"t it?... You said you were going to graduate in June". These statements serve the purpose of establishing agreement and developing an unconscious affinity between seller and customer. In clinical hypnosis, the hypnotist might make comparable pacing statements. "You are ham today to see me for hypnosis". "You told me over the phone about a problem that concerns you". Sales agents with only average success tend to jump immediately into their memorized sales pitches or to hit the customer with a barrage of questions. Neglecting to pace the customer, the mediocre sales agent creates no common ground on which to build trust. A second type of hypnotic pacing statement is the "objection pacing" comment. A customer objects or resists, and the sales agent agrees, matching his or her remarks to the remarks of the customer. A superior insurance agent might agree that "insurance is not the best investment out there", just as a clinical hypnotist might tell a difficult subject. "You are resisting going into trance. That"s good. I encourage that". The customer, pushing against a wall, finds that the wall has disappeared. The agent, having confirmed the customer"s objection, then leads the customer to a position that negates or undermines the objection. The insurance salesperson who agreed that "insurance is not the best investment out there" went on to tell his customer, "but it does have a few uses". He then described all the benefits of life insurance. Mediocre salespeople generally respond to resistance head-on, with arguments that presumably answer the customer"s objection. This response often leads the customer to dig in his heels all the harder. The most powerful forms of pacing have more to do with how something is said than with what is said. The good salesperson has ability to pace the language and thought of any customer. With hypnotic effect, the agent matches the voice tone, rhythm, volume, and speech rate of the customer. He matches the customer"s posture, body language, and mood. He adopts the characteristic verbal language of the customer. If the customer is slightly depressed, the agent chares that feeling and acknowledges that he has been feeling "a little down" lately. Ill essence, the top sales producer becomes a sophisticated biofeedback mechanism, sharing and reflecting the customer"s reality—even to the point of breathing in and out with the customer.

In Europe, there has been a serious decline in physical activity over the past 50 years. Adults aged 20-60 years【C1】______500kcal less energy per day than they did 50 years ago. This is the【C2】______to the running of a marathon each week. Even【C3】______of participation in walking and cycling are declining, all of which suggests we should be【C4】______to the nearest gym. But the "green" policies of these establishments【C5】______to be pretty disappointing: factor in air-conditioning, laundering of towels, energy-consuming exercise【C6】______and the fact that 90% of exercisers【C7】______to the gym. British Military Fitness, the UK's leading【C8】______fitness provider, offers a programme of nationwide classes in parks, and on common lands, in the【C9】______of its Gym Intervention programme. The organisation【C10】______not just the fitness benefits of working out outside, also our need to spend time in the great outdoors to【C11】______overall mental and physical wellbeing. Group activity is declining as fast as our fit ness rates, so the complete ethical workout doesn't merely【C12】______the greenness of the equipment, but also the social capital to be【C13】______by joining in. It also【C14】______to start early. Children urgently need to become more【C15】______. and yet according to Natural England, a public body that encourages people to enjoy their natural surroundings, the amount of time and【C16】______children have with nature is declining; fewer than 10% now play in natural places【C17】______woodlands, countryside and common land compared with 40% of children 40 years ago. Research shows that children who are【C18】______to nature will continue to visit【C19】______landscapes in adulthood and be committed to【C20】______them.

What would happen to the U.S. economy if all its commercial banks suddenly closed their doors? Throughout most of American history, the answer would have been a disaster of epic proportions, akin to the Depression wrought by the chain-reaction bank failures in the early 1930s. But in 1993 the startling answer is that a shutdown by banks might be far from cataclysmic. Consider this: though the economic recovery is now 27 months old, not a single net new dollar has been lent to business by banks in all that time. Last week the Federal Reserve reported that the amount of loans the nation"s largest banks have made to businesses fell an additional $2.4 billion in the week ending June 9, to $274.8 billion. Fearful that the scarcity of bank credit might sabotage the fragile economy, the White House and federal agencies are working feverishly to encourage banks to open their lending windows. In the past two weeks, government regulators have introduced steps to make it easier for banks to lend. Is the government"s concern fully justified? Who really needs banks these days? Hardly anyone, it turns out. While banks once dominated business lending, today nearly 80% of all such loans come from nonbank lenders like life insurers, brokerage firms and finance companies. Banks used to be the only source of money in town. Now businesses and individuals can write checks on their insurance companies, get a loan from a pension fund, and deposit paychecks in a money-market account with a brokerage firm. "It is possible for banks to die and still have a vibrant economy", says Edward Furash, a Washington bank consultant. The irony is that the accelerating slide into irrelevance comes just as the banks racked up record profits of $43 billion over the past 15 months, creating the illusion that the industry is staging a comeback. But that income was not the result of smart lending decisions. Instead of earning money by financing America"s recovery, the banks mainly invested their funds—on which they were paying a bargain-basement 2% or so—in risk-free Treasury bonds that yielded 7%. That left bank officers with little to do except put their feet on their desks and watch the interest roll in. Those profits may have come at a price. Not only did bankers lose many loyal customers by withholding credit, they also inadvertently opened the door to a herd of nonbank competitors, who stampeded into the lending market. "The banking industry didn"t see this threat", says Furash. "They are being fat, dumb and happy. They didn"t realize that banking is essential to a modern economy, but banks are not".

The point of the restorationist Critique of preservationism is the claim that it rests on an unhealthy dualism that conceives nature and humankind as radically distinct and opposed to each other. Dissatisfaction with dualism has "for some time figured prominently in the unhappiness of environmentalists with mainstream industrial society." However, the writings of the restorationists themselves—particularly, William Jordan and Frederick Turner-offer little evidence to support" this accusation. In their view, preservationists are filled with the same basic mind-set as the industrial mainstream, the only difference being that the latter ranks humans over nature while the former elevates nature over humans. While it is perhaps puzzling that Jordan and Turner do not see that there is no logic that requires dualism as a philosophical basis for preservation, more puzzling is the sharpness and ruthlessness of their attack on preservationists, reinforced by the fact that they offer little, if any, criticism of those who have robbed the natural world. The crucial question, however, about the restorationist outlook has to do with the degree to which the restorationist program is itself faithful to the first principle of restoration: that nature and humanity are fundamentally united rather than separate. Rejecting the old domination model, which sees humans as over nature, restoration theory supports a model of community participation. Yet some of the descriptions that Jordan and Turner give of what restorationists are actually up to—for example, Turner"s description of humans as "the lords of creation", or Jordan"s statement that "the fate and well being of the biosphere depend ultimately on us and our relationship with it"—are not consistent well with the community—participation model. Another holistic model namely, that of nature as an organism—might be more serviceable to the restorationists. As with the community model, the "organic" model pictures nature as a system of interconnected parts. A fundamental difference, however, is that in an organism the parts are wholly useful to the life of the organism. If we could think of the biosphere as a single living organism and could identify humans with the brain (or the DNA), or control center, we would have a model that more closely fits the restorationists view. However, to consider humans as the control center of the living earth is to attribute to them a dominating role in nature. Is this significantly different from the old-fashioned domination model? In both systems humans hold the place of highest authority and power in the world. Also neither view recognizes any limits to the scope and range of reasonable human manipulation in the world. This does not mean that there are no restrictions, only beneficial manipulation, should be undertaken. But it does not mean that nothing is off-limits. A further parallel is that, because the fate of the world rests on humans, they must have a clear idea of what needs to be done. There are also important differences between the two theories. For example, restorationists no longer view the world in the old dominationist way as a passive object. And though both assign to humans a controlling role in the world, dominationists conceive this in terms of conquest while restorationists conceive it in terms of healing. Also, restorationists insist that the ideas which must serve to guide our work in the world are drawn not solely from a consideration of human needs and purposes but from an understanding of the biosphere; as a result, they are more conscious than dominationists of our capacity to human nature.

Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

What does the hamburger say about our modem food economy? A lot, actually. Over the past several years Waldo Jaquith intended to make a hamburger from scratch, to no avail. "Further【C1】______revealed that it"s quite impractical—【C2】______impossible—to make a hamburger from scratch," he writes. "Tomatoes are in season in the late summer. Lettuce is in season in spring and fall. Large mammals are【C13】______in early winter. The【C4】______of making such a burger would take nearly a year and would inherently involve omitting some core hamburger【C5】______ ." That the hamburger—our delicious and comforting everyman food—didn"t【C6】______100 years ago is a greasy, shiny example of all that is both right【C7】______wrong with our modern food economy. 【C8】______fertilizers, genetically modified crops, concentrated farming operations and global overnight shipping, much of the world was lifted out of starvation【C9】______it could finally grow【C10】______quantities of food with decreasing labor【C11】______. But these same【C12】______that allow food to be grown out of【C13】______ and in all corners of the globe contribute to a whole host of environmental【C14】______. The "industrialization of food," as author Paul Roberts puts it, is an endless cycle driven by very small price【C15】______that force food processors to【C16】______more advanced techniques to produce even more food【C17】______lower prices. This system will only be aggravated as food demand 【C18】______. Recently David Tilman and Jason Hill of the University of Minnesota released a study【C19】______that global food demand could double by 2050. It"s【C20】______that our current, impractical food economy can sustain that demand.

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingcartoon.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethecartoonandthemessageconveyed,and2)drawaconclusionandgiveyourcommentonthecartoon.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)