He has told me when they are to discuss my proposal.

The value of the stock has increased two-fold since we bought it.

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

President Bush takes to the bully pulpit to deliver a stern lecture to America"s business elite. The Justice Dept. stuns the accounting profession by filing a criminal indictment of Arthur Andersen LLP for destroying documents related to its audits of Enron Corp. On Capitol Hill, some congressional panels push on with biased hearings on Enron"s collapse and, now, another busted New Economy star, telecom"s Global Crossing. Lawmakers sign on to new bills aimed at tightening oversight of everything from pensions and accounting to executive pay. To any spectators, it would be easy to conclude that the winds of change are sweeping Corporate America, led by George W. Bush, who ran as "a reformer with result." But far from deconstructing the corporate world brick by brick into something cleaner, sparer, and stronger, Bush aides and many legislators are preparing modest legislative and administrative reforms. Instead of an overhaul, Bush"s team is counting on its enforcers, Justice and a newly empowered Securities ＆ Exchange Commission, to make examples of the most egregious offenders. The idea is that business will quickly get the message and clean up its own act. Why won"t the outraged rhetoric result in more changes? For starters, the Bush Administration warns that any rush to legislate corporate behavior could produce a raft of flawed bills that raise costs without halting abuses. Business has striven to drive the point home with an intense lobbying blitz that has convinced many lawmakers that over-regulation could startle the stock market and perhaps endanger the nascent economic recovery. All this sets the stage for Washington to get busy with predictably modest results. A surge of caution is sweeping would-be reformers on the Hill. "They know they don"t want to make a big mistake," says Jerry J. Jasinowski, president of the National Association of Manufacturers. That go-slow approach suits the White House. Aides say the President, while personally disgusted by Enron"s sellout of its pensioners, is reluctant to embrace new sanctions that frustrate even law-abiding corporations and create a litigation bonanza for trial lawyers. Instead, the White House will push for narrowly targeted action, most of it carried out by the SEC, the Treasury Dept., and the Labor Dept. The right outcome, Treasury Secretary Paul H. O"Neill said on Mar. 15, "depends on the Congress not legislating things that are over the top." To O"Neill and Bush, that means enforcing current laws before passing too many new ones. Nowhere is that stance clearer than in the Andersen indictment. So the Bush Administration left the decision to Justice Dept. prosecutors rather than White House political operatives or their reformist fellows at the SEC.

BPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese./B

CherishFoodWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

In recent decades, scientists have become increasingly aware of the part the observer【C1】______in the scientific process. In the【C2】______place, the observer can work only with his experiences, and these are【C3】______by his senses and the instruments he【C4】______to extend his senses. Ultraviolet light, electromagnetic fields, and atomic particles, 【C5】______. became known to us only as we devised tools【C6】______we could observe their effects. 【C7】______, our picture of the real world is always incomplete. Secondly, the observer is highly selective in choosing his【C8】______. Life is a narrative of ever new and often【C9】______events. At any given moment, an individual is bombarded with sense experiences and can, 【C10】______he desires, expose himself to more. But he is really interested in or concerned with only a few of these. Other experiences are consciously or【C11】______ screened out as irrelevant to the task【C12】______. For example, as we read a book, we are often surrounded by sounds and activities that we【C13】______ , but by turning our attention to them we become conscious of their presence. What a scientist discovers depends, 【C14】______, on what he is looking for—【C15】______the questions he is asking. Thus, academic disciplines differ in their study of human beings in large part【C16】______they ask different questions. Human beings live, 【C17】______, in a house with only a few windows of tinted and curved glass, 【C18】______which we see the outside world. The glass colors and distorts our observations, and its effects can be determined only with【C19】______difficulty. Scientists are increasingly aware of the【C20】______that they work with sense data, not with the world itself.

Lookatthefollowingpictureandwriteanarticleoneagerlearners.Yourarticleshouldmeetthefollowingtworequirements:1)Interpretthemessageconveyedbythepicture.2)Makeyourcommentsonthephenomenon.Youshouldwriteabout160—200wordsneatly.(20points)

Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer"s background, personality, status, mood and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people"s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. A young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person"s education, background, or interests, may alienate an elderly middle-class man or woman. People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of "masculine" and "feminine" attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" appearance: shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed," An attractive woman is definitely going to get longer interview, but she won"t get a job."

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1.describethedrawingbriefly,2.interpretitsintendedmeaning,andthen3.giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

And numerous experiments have shown once the concept of self is changed, other things consistent with the new concept of self are accomplished easily and without strain.

The Reader has long been the black sheep of the EFL classroom. Teachers either ignore Readers, or neglect and abuse them, failing to recognize their learning potential~ The reason for this can no longer be laid at the door of the publishers. Nowadays, a vast range of material is produced suitable for all interests, age ranges, and ability levels. It is more probably the attitude of the teacher, and thus, the student, which is responsible. Are any of the following close to your own attitude, or familiar to you from conversations with colleagues? Readers are an expensive luxury. The school cannot afford them. Other things must come first. (46) I am trying to get through a fairly dense syllabus to equip my students, ultimately, for examinations; I cannot spare the time for frills. Reading for pleasure is a private and personal thing. I cannot see how this can be used in the EFL classroom. (47) I understand that extensive reading for pleasure can only improve language, but I have no way of checking that learning has taken place other than comprehension questions. These activities reduce the pleasure. The above are explanations, excuses, reasons and justifications from teachers talking about the scant use of Readers in the classroom. Their comments illustrate three views prevalent at present. (48) First, that teachers feel that time spared for Readers will in some way deprive their students of certain key language skills and abilities. Second, those teachers are fostering or even pandering to students" reluctance to read for pleasure. (49) Finally, those teachers are unaware of how to use and exploit Readers in their classrooms and therefore provide a limited range of activities, which in turn limits the responses of their students. (50) If teachers take Readers into classroom with any one, or a combination of the above attitudes, this will be imparted to the students who will then also believe that Readers are preventing them from doing something more important and are a waste of valuable learning time. They read only to enable them to answer a comprehension task. It is up to the teacher to convince the reluctant reader that reading, either extensive or intensive, is pleasurable. Only one of many ways of obtaining pleasure is to be able to answer the teachers" comprehension check questions the following day. The world of reading will remain, and still be as inaccessible as ever to the student.

Cyberspace, data superhighways, multi media—for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological Utopia, little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the "how", the question of "for whom" is put aside once again. Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets—with destructive impact on the have-nots. For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As "futures" are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves—so-called "development communications" modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries' economies. Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit—credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain. Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.

Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California"s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants. They should start by discarding California"s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to, say, going through a suspect"s purse. The court has ruled that police don" t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one" s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee" s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing", meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier. Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution" s prohibition on unreasonable searches. As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn "t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly burdensome for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom. But the justices should not swallow California"s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution"s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.

You are going to read a text about studying in the United States, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list for each numbered subheading. There is one extra example which you do not need to use.(41) Conflicts: If you do get a place in the student dormitory, it is likely that you will have to share your living space with another student. While having an American roommate will help you to learn more about American ways, there will probably be many times that discomfort or conflict will arise due to cultural differences.(42) Sex: With regard to sex in general, American behavior is quite different from the norms found in China.(43) Relationship Between Teachers & Students: On the campus, particularly where classes are small, I found a strange informality that characterized the relationship between students and their professors.(44) Gifts: In my interaction with American friends, I noticed that the concept of a gift is quite different here. Many things we give to each other in China are not called "gifts" but are considered to be a reflection of ordinary duties and mutual obligations. Accustomed as we are to using the word "gift" to refer to something valuable given on special occasions, it comes as a surprise to see how often the word is used in America. In the United States, "gifts", given on many different occasions, are only services.(45) Social Intercourse: When you do enter American homes, you will have an opportunity to observe different ways of greeting people. On the whole, Americans tend to be far more physical than we in their greetings.A. I was astonished, for example, when a friend told me that he was offering to care for his younger brother and sister so that his father could take a vacation for his birthday—this was a gift to him. For us, this would be considered duty rather than a gift. Even between friends" gestures of this sort might be considered "gifts" here.B. While many students do call their professors, "Professor" so and so or "Dr.", so and so, some professors prefer to be called familiarly by their first names. And in the spirit of informality, many professors may invite students to their homes or can be seen chatting with students over a meal or a cup of coffee in the school cafeteria. A good number of instructors even request that students fill out Class evaluation forms which assess the content and presentation of the course.C. My roommate was very sociable and had many boyfriends who came to visit often very late. One night, after midnight, I had to stay in the bathroom for an extra 40 minutes because I had heard a man"s voice in my room. My roommate did not realize how awkward I would feel meeting a man while I was in my nightgown. You see, American students tend to be much more casual about these matters.D. On many occasions, for instance, close friends or sometimes even casual acquaintances embrace or kiss each other on the cheeks in greeting or bidding farewell. It may even happen that where couples are close friends, the two husbands will kiss the other man"s wife!E. In the United States, for example, if a student wants to invite his teacher to a dinner party, the invitation should be sent a week or so before the party date. If the invitation is extended only three or four days before the party date, the teacher will feel he is not highly regarded.F. For example, many American students seem to like to listen to popular and sometimes loud music while studying in their rooms. Sometimes they will even leave the music on when they leave the room. For Some reason, many will tell you, music helps them to relax and concentrate, an idea which other foreign students and I found very strange and disturbing. We"d like to study quietly without any disturbance.

There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service 【C1】______(VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment, 【C2】______there are opportunities for overseas service for【C3】______technicians in developing countries. Some people, 【C4】______those who retire early,【C5】______their technical and business skills in countries【C6】______there is a special need. So in considering voluntary or【C7】______community service, there are more opportunities than there【C8】______were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time【C9】______, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. 【C10】______ some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not【C11】______them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different【C12】______, both personal and【C13】______. One should not join them 【C14】______to arm them with professional experience; they must be joined with commitment to the【C15】______, not business efficiency. Because salaries are【C16】______or non-existent, many voluntary bodies offer modest expense. But many retired people take part in community service for【C17】______, simply because they enjoy the work. Many community activities possible【C18】______retirement were also possible during one" s working life, but they are to be undertaken【C19】______seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider【C20】______community service.

What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? Soon after an event【C1】______, newspapers are on the street giving the details.【C2】______anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to【C3】______the news. Newspapers have one basic【C4】______to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to【C5】______it Radio, television, and other inventions【C6】______competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication.【C7】______this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the【C8】______and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are【C9】______and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers【C10】______of the latest news, today's newspapers【C11】______and influence readers about politics, and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices【C12】______advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very【C13】______. Newspapers are sold at a price that【C14】______to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main【C15】______of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The【C16】______in selling advertising depends on newspaper's value to advertisers. This is【C17】______in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends somewhat on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment【C18】______in a newspaper's pages.【C19】______for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information【C20】______the community, city, county, nation and world— and even outer space.

It is generally recognized in the world that the second Gulf War in Iraq is a crucial test of high-speed web. For decades, Americans have anxiously【B1】______each war through a new communication【B2】______ , from the early silent film of World War I to the 24-hour cable news 【B3】______ of the first Persian Gulf War. Now, 【B4】______ bombs exploding in Baghdad, a sudden increase in wartime【B5】______for online news has become a central test of the 【B6】______ of high-speed Internet connections. It is also a good 【B7】______ both to attract users to online media【B8】______and to persuade them to pay for the material they find there, 【B9】______ the value of the Cable News Network persuaded millions to【B10】______to cable during the last war in Iraq. 【B11】______by a steady rise over the last 18 months in the number of people with high-speed Internet【B12】______, now at more than 70 million in the United States, the web sites of many of the major news organizations have【B13】______assembled a novel collage of【B14】______video, audio reports, photography collections, animated weaponry【B15】______, interactive maps and other new digital reportage. These Internet services are【B16】______on the remarkable abundance of sounds and images【B17】______from video cameras【B18】______on Baghdad and journalists traveling with troops. And they have found a【B19】______audience of American office workers【B20】______their computers during the early combat.

The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly "cultural" as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not i-dentical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult.

A Greeting Card Write a greeting card of about 100 words based on the following situation: Christmas is around the corner, and you think of Professor Liu, a teacher who taught you a lot when you were at university. Now write him a greeting card to express your best wishes to him. Do not sign your own name at the end of the card. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.