BPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D./B

You are to write an email to James Cook, a newly-arrived Australian professor, recommending some tourist attractions in your city. Please give reasons for you recommendation. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

The arrival of the mass-produced car, just over a century ago, caused a(n) 【C1】______of business creation. First came the makers of cars and all the parts that go into them. Then came the garages, filling stations and all sorts of other car-dependent【C2】______: car parks, motels, out-of-town shopping centres. Now another revolution on wheels is on the【C3】______: the driverless car. Nobody is sure when it will【C4】______. Google, which is testing a fleet of autonomous cars, thinks in maybe a decade, others【C5】______longer. And, when it does, the self-driving car, like the ordinary kind, could bring【C6】______change. Just imagine. It could, for a start, save the motor industry【C7】______stagnation. Carmakers are【C8】______about signs that smartphone-obsessed teenagers these days do not【C9】______to get a driving licence and buy their first car,【C10】______their parents did. But once they are【C11】______the trouble and expense of taking lessons and【C12】______a test, young adults might rediscover the joys of the open road. Another worry for the motor industry is that car use seems to be peaking in the most congested cities.【C13】______automated cars would drive nose-to-tail,【C14】______the capacity of existing roads; and since they would be able to【C15】______their passengers and drive away, the【C16】______of parking spaces in town might not matter so much. All these trends will【C17】______the car business. But when mass-produced cars appeared, they had an impact on the whole of society. Electronics and software firms will be【C18】______the winners: 【C19】______providing all the sensors and computing power that self-driving cars will need, they will enjoy strong demand for in-car entertainment systems,【C20】______cars" occupants will no longer need to keep their eyes on the road.

Psychologists once believed that the motive that caused men to strive to attain high-level managerial positions was the "need for achievement". But now they believe it is the "need for power". Power seekers strive hard to reach positions where they can exercise authority over large numbers of people. (46) Individual performers who lack this drive are not likely to advance far up the managerial ladder. They usually scorn company politics and devote their energies to other types of activities. The power game is part of management, and it is played best by those who enjoy it most. (47) One of the least rational acts of business organizations is that of hiring managers who have a high need to exercise authority, and then teaching them that authoritative methods are wrong and that they should be consultative or participative. (48) It is a serious mistake to teach managers that they should adopt styles that are inconsistent with their unique personalities. Yet this is precisely what a large number of business organizations are doing; and it explains, in part, why their management development programs are not effective. (49) What managerial aspirants should be taught is how to exercise their authority in a way that is appropriate to the situation and the people involved. They need to learn that the real source of their power is their own knowledge and skill, and the strength of their own personalities, not the authority conferred on them by their positions. When they lack the knowledge or skill required to perform the work, they need to know how to share their authority. (50) But when they know What has to be done and have the skill and personality to get it done, they must exercise their traditional authority in whatever way is necessary.

Marriage is, for many people, their most important relationship, the source of much happiness, and, for some, even adds extra years to their life. While the【C1】______between marriage and well-being has been【C2】______studied, predicting marital success is【C3】______. Exactly which people are likely to make successful【C4】______, and what can they do to【C5】______the odds of being successful and happy in marriage? "The state of marriage is that it"s going in two directions. For people with a college degree, marriage is still going【C6】______." However, Cherlin explains, "for people with less【C7】______, there"s less marriage and more breakups." Happy marriage【C8】______are much less common in such households. Another predictor of successful marriages is the quality of a【C9】______childhood relationship with their parents. "The kind of relationships you have with your parents【C10】______up are predictive of marital quality in【C11】______ ," Umberson says. Finally, there is a chicken-and-egg【C12】______to successful marriages. "People who are married are【C13】______than people who aren"t. The question is how much of this is【C14】______and how much is effect?" While natural selection【C15】______has an impact here, Cherlin says, "people who are【C16】______happy are more likely to get married, but marriage makes them even healthier." The【C17】______to good marriages is similar in Umberson"s view. "I think it"s the presence of emotional support, and that the person you"re with does make you feel emotionally supported," she says.【C18】______, "If your partner is【C19】______and demanding" all the time, those "are just red flags" in terms of marital happiness. And in terms of【C20】______ , she notes, "marital strain is worse for your health than marital happiness is good for your health."

(46) Maybe they are too young to know better, or more probably they are young enough to know better than most, but two Internet marketing whizzes from San Francisco say both dotcom companies and the Internet arm of conventional companies will continue to be where client growth and profit are most prolific. But a marketing strategy, including above-line advertising to drive people to your site, will still be important, say 23-year-old Christopher George and 26-year-old Julio Cabanillas, interactive media specialists from the global advertising agency Foote Cone Belding (FCB). The two travel the world to instruct their counterparts on the rights and wrongs of Internet as marketing strategies and the correct branding of dotcom companies. They should know. (47) Sixty percent of billings issued by the" San Francisco office of FCB are now to dotcom companies including the massive on-line book store Amazon. com, which boasts access to more than a million titles. (48) On a smaller scale, but equally effective, has been the listen, com advertising banner, placed on a host of carefully selected music related sites and search engines. The banner has a request function where the user can select an artist and be taken directly to that artist"s web page and download MP3 audio tracks. "The fact that you can search within the banner and condition the user to know what you are offering is key. The creative approach is simple but effective, and conveys exactly what the site is about." (49) Although the Internet strategies follow the standard 1:3 ratio of conventional advertising campaigns (roughly three times more should be spent on placing advertising in the various media such as television or newspapers than on the production of the advertising campaign), the cost to clients comes before and after the online campaign. For example of what not to do, Senior George and Cabanillas point to the giant supermarket chain Wal-Mart in the US as an Internet site that has not taken advantage of the unique properties of interactivity. "What they"ve done is take the bricks and mortar layout, store aisles, for example, and simply put it online," Cabanillas says. (50) "But the online experience is much more fluid than that, and should provide "smarter" services like recommendations, discounts and other fun things to enhance the user experience. Not intrusive, just smarter."

BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B

BSection III Writing/B

You are going to read an article which is followed by a list of examples or headings. Choose the most suitable one from the list A-F for each numbered position(41-45). There may be certain extra which you do not need to use. (10 points) You are going to read a text about the steps to ask for a raise. So you"ve been with your company for a while and have been exceeding all of your manager"s expectations. You work hard, are a great team player, come up with new ideas to take the business further and are an all-around joy in the workplace. If you haven"t been promoted or been bumped up in salary automatically, it might be time to take the bull by the horns and approach this topic yourself. While asking for a raise makes many people uncomfortable and nervous, the situation can be a breeze if handled correctly. The following are a few steps to follow to make sure your request does not fall on deaf ears: (41) Do your research. Like any other element of your career, it all starts with research. In order to present your manager with a compelling case in your favor, you need to know what the going rate is for someone with your experience and in your position. (42) Outline a case for yourself. When going into any kind of negotiation session, you need to be equipped with the right amount of ammunition. Before you walk into your meeting, look back at your time with the company and highlight your accomplishments. Come up with a list of specific examples of ways you have been a valuable asset to the business. Find facts and figures that demonstrate what you have excelled, using numbers whenever possible. If you really want to knock their socks off, put your accomplishments into a formal presentation, albeit brief, that outlines each of your goals and how you have achieved them. This will demonstrate that you are professional, willing to go the extra mile, and have thought about your request thoroughly. (43) Know what"s going on in your neighborhood. There are good times and bad times to ask for a raise at any company. Schedule ample time to present your case, and make sure your timing is right. Asking for a raise on the fly after just walking into your manager"s office to chat will not benefit you or impress your boss. Make sure you have time to present your case, and that your manager has time to think about your presentation. Request a meeting with your supervisor, at least a half-hour long. Think about your timing when you schedule the meeting, too. If your department has a bevy of deadlines to meet at the end of each month, don"t schedule your meeting on the 29th. Pick a time when your manager will be sure to be in a good mood and not overly stressed. (44) Avoid threats or demands. The last thing you want to do is to put your supervisor on the defensive. Be professional and, if your job is worth keeping, willing to listen to the other side. Keep the meeting positive and your outcome will be more positive. (45) Remember that not all perks are monetary. Don"t fall into the trap of thinking you are not valued if you do not get exactly what you had expected.A. If you approach your manager for a raise in a time of downsizing and cost-cutting, you will not only be denied, but will also show that you are not in tune with the company"s needs. Make sure you understand your company"s overall financial situation.B. For example, if you developed a marketing plan that helped increase sales, make sure you have those sales figures on hand, as well as your role in the plan and its execution. Be sure to tie your own success into the overall success of the company.C. If your company is strapped financially but you and your manager still come to the conclusion that it is time for you to be rewarded for your performance, you might be able to negotiate for stock options, more vacation time or other non-monetary benefits.D. When you come up with your desired raise in your base salary, go over 2%. If you want 8% then ask for 10%.E. You can find out what others in your industry and in comparable positions are raking in by looking at online resources, through the Bureau of Labor Statistics, or in books like "The American Almanac of Jobs and Salaries" by John W. Wright (Quill).F. Going into a meeting with the "if I don"t get it, I"m leaving" attitude will only tell your company you are uncompromising and only out for number one.

BPart B/B

A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.B.Youressaymustbewrittenclearly.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Interpretthefollowingpicture,2)analyzepossiblereasonsforthissituation,and3)suggestcounter-measures.

When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn"t biting her nails just yet . But the 47-year-old manicurist isn" t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she" d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. "I"m a good economic indicator," she says. "I provide a service that people can do without when they"re concerned about saving some dollars." So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middlebrow Dillard"s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. "I don"t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too." she says. Even before Alan Greenspan"s admission that America" s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year"s pace. But don"t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy" s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say they"re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, "there" s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range , predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. "Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn"t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan"s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.

Shortly before he died of lymphoma, the great writer and physician Lewis Thomas, whose books turned science into a way of appreciating the grandeur of the world, told me he thought the true measure of a life was that it be useful. He wondered in those last days if his own life had been useful, and many thousands of readers assured him that it had. "Grow old along with me! The best isyet to be," cried Robert Browning"s Rabbi Ben Ezra. Not always. Poetry replies to Rabbi Ben with A.E. Housman"s "To an Athlete Dying Young" and comes up with no more startling a conclusion than that a life is what one makes of it. Celebrity is hardly a precondition. Kennedy"s life would have been just as valuable had he been, to use another poet"s phrase, a "mute, inglorious Milton".A beloved colleague at TIME died recently who was unknown to most of the world, except the friends she cherished. The measure of a life is often taken in the smallest units. On television, a parking attendant in the garage that Kennedy used mentioned that Kennedy came over personally to wish the man a merry Christmas every year.A middle aged African American woman with whom he worked in one of the programs he supported was in tears at the recollection of continuous small acts of kindness. The sudden garden that has developed on the front steps of Kennedy"s loft building began simply with neighbors paying respect to a neighbor. From such fragments of evidence a whole life is constructed, or reconstructed. When a man dies, a civilization dies with him. Everything dies but the reverberation of his works in the lives of others; and so, while an individual civilization dies, the greater one profits. We call such deaths tragedies because the force of the life has been of great magnitude; yet tragedy from the point of view of the audience is high art, and one is filled with as much admiration as grief. Keats chose as his epitaph "Here lies one whose name was writ in water." He believed that his life would be viewed as without consequence, and that he would debut one more transitory figure among the yearning and striving masses. Kennedy, too, I think, would have had his name writ in water, thus the appropriateness of his sea burial, because the best public servants disappear into the world, whose pain they feel. Every name is writ in water, which flows through us all.

Birth, growth, decline, death: it is the usual cycle for people, companies and industries. But the story of violin-making in Cremona in northern Italy, which flourished under such master craftsmen as Andrea Amati, Giuseppe Guarneri and Antonio Stradivari from the mid-16th century to the early 18th, suggests that, for industries at least, there may be life after death. Violin-making in Cremona struggled through the 19th century in the hands of a few carpenters who turned out low-quality instruments. By the 1950s it had died out, says Gio Batta Morassi, a 73-year-old maestro liutaio (master violin-maker). Yet today, in workshops overlooking the city"s cobbled streets, more than 100 craftsmen cut and plane maple and spruce to make string instruments—more than in any other European city. Cremona is once again the capital of hand-crafted instruments. A new school to train craftsmen in instrument-making opened in Cremona in 1938, though when Mr. Morassi began his studies in 1950 there were just six students on the course, of whom only one other went on to make instruments. But this slight revival was sustained by a growing interest in Baroque music in northern Europe in the 1960s and 1970s, says Hildegard Dodel, a German who studied at the school. It created new demand for instruments made in the traditional Cremonese style. Today Italians are a minority among the school"s 150 students; 30 are South Korean, 26 are Japanese, six are from China and three from Taiwan. Some will set up shop in the city: Ms Dodel worked for about ten years restoring and repairing instruments in Germany and the Netherlands before returning to open her own workshop in Cremona in 2003. Instrument-making is not an easy life. "I often thought of giving up," says Francesco Toto, who moved to Cremona 17 years ago and specializes in making cellos. Wood is expensive, must be seasoned properly and is at risk from woodworm; the maple for a cello costs around €1,500, for example. Mr. Toto was able to raise his prices after winning a competition, but to maintain quality he makes just four instruments a year. Violin-makers can produce perhaps seven top-quality instruments a year. (Cellos made by Cremona"s craftsmen typically cost €15,000-35,000, and violins €8,000-20,000.) Having come back from the dead, Cremona"s instrument-makers, like many others in Italian industries, hope that an emphasis on quality, tradition and craftsmanship will keep cheaper foreign rivals at bay.

There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most 【B1】______ held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder—even if it means 【B2】______ the pavement into a busy street! 【B3】______you must pass under a ladder you can【B4】______bad luck by crossing your fingers and【B5】______them crossed until you have seen a dog. 【B6】______, you may lick your finger and 【B7】______ a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the 【B8】______ has dried. Another common【B9】______is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house—itwill either bring【B10】______to the person who opened it or to the whole【B11】______. Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is【B12】______, as it inevitably brings rain! The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month【B13】______on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay【B14】______. The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror,【B15】______it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to【B16】______in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods. Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are【B17】______witchcraft. It is【B18】______lucky if a black cat crosses your path—although in America the exact opposite belief prevails. Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood【B19】______luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as "my car has never【B20】______, touch wood? "

You resided in the Browns when studying abroad in London. Now you have returned to China. Write a thank-you letter to the Browns to 1) express your gratitude, and 2) invite them to China to visit your hometown. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

You are doing your UCLA application for graduate admission, and you need two reference letters. Please email your former foreign teacher and ask him to write one for you. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

Cheng Lin wants to apply for a new job. She asks her pre-supervisor, who is a department manager in Youda Trade Company, to write a letter of commendation. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

Writeanessayof160—200wordsbasedonthefollowingcartoon.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examplesYoushouldwriteneatly.(20points)

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B