On College Students' Driving to Campus A. Title: On College Students' Driving to Campus B. Word limit: 160~200 words (not including the given opening sentence) C. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: "Along with their growing prevalence, private cars have penetrated into a wealth of citizens' lives." OUTLINE: 1. Present situation 2. People's concerns 3. My opinion

Studythefollowingpictureandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould:1.describethepicture,interpretitsmeaning;2.presentspecifiedexample;3.concludetheessaywithyourpersonalopinion.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

TheInternetWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

Selection to participate in a top executive-education program is an important rung on the ladder to top corporate jobs. U.S. corporations (1)_____ billions of dollars in this form of management development—and use it to (2)_____ and train fast-track managers. Yet one (3)_____ of executive education found that less than 5% of the managers (4)_____ to these high-profile programs are women—and minorities are terribly (5)_____ as well. The numbers are (6)_____. In regular business (7)_____ usually paid for by the participant, not an employer—there are plenty of women and minorities. Women, for example, (8)_____ for about 30% of MBA candidates. Yet in the (9)_____ programs paid for by corporations that round out a manager"s credentials at a (10)_____ career point, usually at age 40 or 45, companies are making only a (11)_____ investment in developing female and minority executives. A case (12)_____ point: Only about 30% of the 180 executives in Stanford"s recent (13)_____ management program were women. Most companies say these days they are (14)_____ hiring and promoting women and minorities—and there are some (15)_____ trends in overall employment and pay levels so why are companies (16)_____ the ball when it (17)_____ executive education? The schools (18)_____ that they are neither the cause of nor the cure for the problem. A Harvard Business School dean figures that companies are (19)_____ of sending their female executives (20)_____ they don"t want to lose them to competitors.

The meanings of "science" and "technology" have changed significantly from one generation to another. More similarities than differences, however, can be found between the terms. Both science and technology imply a thinking process, both are concerned with causal relationships in the material world, and both employ an experimental methodology that results in empirical demonstrations that can be verified by repetition. Science, at least in theory, is less concerned with the practicality of its results and more concerned with the development of general laws, but in practice science and technology are inextricably involved with each other. The varying interplay of the two can be observed in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, astronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives and professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists and technologists; but throughout history the practitioners of "pure" science have made many practical as well as theoretical contributions. Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure research is therefore essential for any significant advancement in industrial civilization is essentially a myth. Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization cannot be traced to the laboratory. Fundamental tools and processes in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations. In recent years a sharp value distinction has grown up between science and technology. Advances in science have frequently had their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than science. For these people, science may be perceived as a serene, objective source for understanding the eternal laws of nature, whereas the practical manifestations of technology in the modern world now seem to them to be out of control. Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization, but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increase geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.

TheOnlyChildWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

A person's home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n)"【C1】______home". But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical【C2】______of cash and location on achieving that idea Cash【C3】______, in fact, often means that the only way of【C4】______when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things【C5】______financially. There are obvious【C6】______of living at home—personal laundry is usually【C7】______done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to【C8】______. And there is【C9】______the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc. On the other hand,【C10】______depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family—【C11】______do you like them? Are you prepared to be【C12】______when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) 【C13】______, and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you【C14】______finding somewhere else to live? If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are【C15】______well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always a good【C16】______of information. If you are going to work in a【C17】______area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies,【C18】______these should be approached with caution. Agencies are allowed to【C19】______a fee, usually the【C20】______of the first week's rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.

Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it"s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks" lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America"s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB"s chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management." European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real world" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank"s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America"s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.

On the afternoon of April 19th, 1587, Sir Francis Dr. Aka led his convoy of 31 ships into the port of Cadiz, (1)_____ the Spanish navy was being prepared to (2)_____ England. The Spanish were (3)_____ completely by surprise, and Dr. Aka"s men quickly looted, sank or burnt every ship in sight. After clearing the harhour of stores and (4)_____ off a Spanish attack, Dr. Aka and his ships (5)_____ without the loss of a single man. Back in England, Dr. Aka became a national hero, and his daring attack became known as the "singeing of the King of Spain"s beard". As well as (6)_____ back the Spanish plan to invade England by several months, Dr. Aka"s daring attack (7)_____ the success of a popular new drink. For among the stores that he (8)_____ from Cadiz were 2,900 large barrels of sack, a wine made in the Jerez region of Spain, and the (9)_____ of today"s sherry. The wine makers of Jerez looked for overseas markets, and sack started to take off in England. In 1587, the celebratory drinking of the sack brought back from Cadiz by Dr. Aka gave it a further (10)_____ and made it hugely fashionable, (11)_____ its Spanish origin. For (12)_____ chemical reasons, sack was an unusually long-lasting and (13)_____ wine. This made it ideal for taking on long sea voyages, (14)_____ which alcoholic drinks acted as a vital social lubricant that (15)_____ the hardship of spending weeks packed into a (16)_____ ship. Columbus took sack with him to the new world in the 1490s, making it the first wine to be (17)_____ into the Americas. In 1604, sack was (18)_____ official recognition of (19)_____ when James I (20)_____ an ordinance limiting its consumption at court. By this time sack was popularly known as sherris-sack(sherris being a corruption of Jerez), which eventually became the modern word sherry.

A Letter of Admission Write a letter of about 100 words based on the following situation: Li Ming's application for admission to Washington University has been accepted. Write a letter to offer him admission and inform him the details he should know. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use 'The Admissions Office" instead. Do not write the address.

Write a letter in reply to a friend"s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. Your letter should include: 1. the major you recommend; 2. the requirements for the application; 3. how to prepare for the exam. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Hua" instead. You do not need to write the address.

Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity between the indigenous population of America in 1492—new estimates of which jump as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that time—and the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the precipitous decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies—smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more—were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction are demonstrated in the early chronicles of America, which contain reports of horrendous epidemics and steep population declines, confirmed in many cases by recent quantitative analyzes of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and began to keep continuous records until the seventeenth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place. Furthermore, the British tended to drive the native populations away, rather than to enslave them as the Spaniards did, so that the epidemics of British America occurred beyond the range of colonists' direct observation. Even so, the surviving records of North America do contain references to deadly epidemics among the native population. In 1616—1619 an epidemic, possibly of pneumonic plague, swept coastal New England, killing as many as nine out of ten. During the 1630's smallpox, the disease most fatal to the Native American people, eliminated half the population of the Huron and Iroquois confederations. In the 1820's fever devastated the people of the Columbia River area, killing eight out of ten of them. Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics is slight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans. For example, in 1952 an outbreak of measles among the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay, Quebec, affected 99 percent of the population and killed 7 percent, even though some had the benefit of modern medicine. Cases such as this demonstrate that even diseases that are not normally fatal can have destroying consequences when they strike an immunologically defenseless community.

Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world"s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration). (46) The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79, 000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. (47) This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. "If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one," said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. "But in the last five years or so, when someone says, "Should I attempt to get an MBA?" The answer a lot more is: It depends." (48) The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc, has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. (49) The article called MBA hires "extremely disappointing" and said "MBAs want to move up too fast, they don"t understand politics and people, and they aren"t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, there out looking for other jobs". The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura of future fiches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by. a backlash against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women"s movement. (50) Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs sax those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. "They don"t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business," said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin Management Consulting Finn.

This history of responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli(1444 -1510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticelli's work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellow Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticelli's work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes. ) The primary reason for Botticelli's unpopularity is not difficult to understand; most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentineart. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro. Another reason for Botticelli's unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art. In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticelli's work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer Pater (although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticelli's personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticelli's work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentines—features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves—rather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Home's emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Botticelli's achievements.

My View on Cyber Manhunt A. Title: My View on Cyber Manhunt B. Word limit: 160-200 words (not including the given opening sentence) C. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: "Cyber manhunt is a new phenomenon on the Internet." OUTLINE: 1. People"s different views on cyber manhunt 2. My opinion 3. Making a conclusion

Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

My church recently staged a Sensitivity Sunday to make our congregation aware of the problems faced by people with physical handicaps. We are asked to "adopt a handicap" for several hours on Sunday morning. Some members chose to be confined to wheelchairs, others stuffed cotton in their ears, hobbled around on crutches, or wore blindfolds. Wheelchairs had never seemed like scary objects to me before I had to sit in one. A tight knot grabbed hold in my stomach when I first took a close look at what was to be my only means of getting around for several hours. I was stuck by the irrational thought, "once I am in this wheelchair, the handicap might become real, and I might never walk again." This thought, as ridiculous as it was, frightened me so much that I needed a large dose of courage just to sit down. After I overcame my fear of the wheelchair, I had to learn how to cope with it. I wiggled around to find a comfortable position and thought I might even enjoy being pampered and wheeled around. I glanced over my shoulder to see who would be pushing me. It was only then that I realized I would have to navigate the contraption all by myself! My palms reddened and started to sting as I tugged at the heavy metal wheels. I could not seem to keep the chair on an even course or point the wheels in direction I wanted to go. I kept bumping into doors, pews, and other people. I felt as though everyone was staring at me and commenting on my clumsiness. When the service started, more problems cropped up to frustrate me even further. Every time the congregation stood up, my view was blocked. I could not see the minister, the choir, or the altar. Also, as the church"s aisles were narrow, I seemed to be in the way no matter where I parked myself. For instance, the ushers had to step around me in order to pass the collection plate. This Shade me feel like a nuisance. Thanks to a new building program, our church will soon have the wide aisles and well-spaced pews that will make life easier for the handicapped. Finally, if people stopped to talk to me, I had to strain my neck to look up at them. This made me feel like a little child being talked down to and added to my sense of helplessness. My few hours as a disabled person left a deep impression on me. Now, I no longer feel resentment at large tax expenditures for ramp equipped buses, and I wouldn"t dream of parking my car in a space marked "Handicapped Only." Although my close encounter with a handicap was short-lived, I can now understand the challenges, both physical and emotional, that wheelchair-bound people must over come.

BPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese./B