Five and a half years into his presidency, George Bush finally vetoed a bill this week. Oddly enough, it was one that most Americans support: it would have expanded federal funding for embryonic stem-cell research. The House and Senate had both passed the bill by wide, but not veto-proof margins, so Mr. Bush"s word is final, at least until after the mid-term elections in November. Stem cells are cells that have not yet decided what they want to be when they grow up. That is, they can become blood cells, brain cells, or pretty much any other type of cell. Their versatility makes them extremely useful for medical research. The ethical snag is that the best stem cells are harvested from human embryos, killing them. For the most ardent pro-lifers, including Mr. Bush and many of his core supporters, that is murder. Proponents of embryonic stem-cell research point out that hordes of embryos are created during fertility treatment, and the vast majority of these are either frozen indefinitely or destroyed. Is it really wrong to use them for potentially life-saving research? Yes, said Mr. Bush on July 19th, flanked by some families who had "adopted" other people"s frozen embryos and used them to have children of their own. Mr. Bush"s veto does not kill stem-cell research. Scientists who spurn federal cash may do as they please. The government still pays for research on stem cells taken from adults, a process that does not kill the donor. And a decision by Mr. Bush in 2001 allows federally-funded scientists to experiment on the few dozen embryonic stem-cell "lines" that already existed then, which can be propagated in a laboratory. Nonetheless, scientists are furious with Mr. Bush. Federal funding would surely push them faster towards those elusive cures. Research based on adult stem cells may be promising, but not nearly as promising as that based on embryonic ones. There are worries that those few dozen embryonic stem-cell lines represent too narrow a gene pool, and that they cannot be endlessly extended without damaging them. Other countries, such as Britain and China, are enthusiastically experimenting on embryonic stem cells. But the world"s most innovative nation is hanging back.

Global warming is already cutting substantially into potential crop yields in some countries—to such an extent that it may be a factor in the food price【C1】______that have caused worldwide stress in recent years, researchers suggest in a new study. Wheat yields in recent years were down by more than 10 percent in Russia and by a few percentage points【C2】______in India, France and China compared with【C3】______they probably would have been without rising【C4】______, according to the study. Corn yields were【C5】______a few percentage points in China, Brazil and France from what would have been【C6】______said the researchers, whose findings were published in Friday"s【C7】______of the journal Science. Some countries saw small gains from the temperature increases, however. And in all countries, the【C8】______carbon dioxide that humans are【C9】______into the air acted as a【C10】______that encouraged plant growth, 【C11】______some of the losses from rising temperatures caused by that same greenhouse gas. 【C12】______, the study"s authors found that when the gains in some countries were weighed 【C13】______the losses in other countries, the overall global【C14】______of climate change has been small so far losses of a few percentage points for wheat and corn from what they would have been【C15】______climate change. The general impact on production of rice and soybeans was 【C16】______, with gains in some regions entirely counterbalancing losses in others. 【C17】______the authors of the study pointed out that temperature increases were expected to 【C18】______in coming decades, making it likely that the challenges【C19】______food production will grow in a era when demand is expected to【C20】______sharply.

This type of computer is superior to that type.

【F1】 Stephen Hawking, who spent his career decoding the universe and even experienced weightlessness, is urging the continuation of space exploration—for humanity" s sake. 【F2】 The 71-year-old Hawking said he did not think humans would survive another 1, 000 years "without escaping beyond our fragile planet." The British cosmologist made the remarks Tuesday before an audience of doctors, nurses and employees at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, where he toured a stem cell laboratory that"s focused on trying to slow the progression of Lou Gehrig"s disease. Hawking was diagnosed with the neurological disorder 50 years ago while a student at Cambridge University.【F3】 He recalled how he became depressed and initially didn"t see a point in finishing his doctorate. But he continued to delve into his studies. "If you understand how the universe operates, you control it in a way," he said. Renowned for his work on black holes and the origins of the cosmos, Hawking is famous for bringing esoteric physics concepts to the masses through his best-selling books, including "A Brief History of Time," which sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. Hawking titled his hourlong lecture to Cedars-Sinai employees "A Brief History of Mine." Hawking has survived longer than most people with Lou Gehrig"s disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ALS attacks nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control the muscles.【F4】 People gradually have more and more trouble breathing and moving as muscles weaken and waste away. There"s no cure and no way to reverse the disease"s progression. Few people with ALS live longer than a decade. Hawking receives around-the-clock care, can only communicate by twitching his cheek, and relies on a computer mounted to his wheelchair to convey his thoughts in a distinctive robotic monotone. Despite his diagnosis, Hawking has remained active. In 2007, he floated like an astronaut on an aircraft that creates weightlessness by making parabolic dives.【F5】 Hawking rattled off nuggets of advice: Look up at the stars and not down at your feet, be curious. "However difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at," he said. Dr. Robert Baloh, director of Cedars-Sinai"s ALS program who invited Hawking, said he had no explanation for the physicist"s longevity. Baloh said he has treated patients who lived for 10 years or more. "But 50 years is unusual, to say the least," he said.

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)A. Do the children"s verses of Edward Lear, Hilaire Belloe or the Ahlbergs count as nursery rhymes, or are those something different altogether? What about playground rhymes, clapping or skipping games, football chants, pop songs or old music-hall songs? What about the work of Robert Graves, W. H Auden, Louis MacNeiee, even Wordsworth and Byron that uses the form and metre of nursery rhymes, often to hauntingly complex emotional effect. See, it"s not as simple as it appears.B. If this analysis of the strange phenomenon that is nursery rhymes resembles one of those maddeningly opaque riddles with which our rude forefathers used to amuse themselves around the fireside of a dark winter"s evening, it is probably because the lineage of nursery rhymes occupies two quite separate and contradictory traditions—he oral and the written.C. From this diminutive beginning (the book measured just 3in by 7/4in), and from A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, published in the same year by John Newbery, the first specialist children"s publisher, an entire literature sprang. Suddenly, the random cacophony of the oral tradition—the lullabies, counting games, fragments of folk songs, mummer"s plays, political squibs, doggerel, scurrilous adult ballads, riddles and what have you began to be collected and codified into a formal canon, to which the name of "nursery rhymes" became attached in the early 19th century.D. The satellite children"s channel Nick Jr. is running a competition called Time for a New Rhyme. The channel is looking for a "modern nursery rhyme for the new millennium", which could be "about anything and everything from political and current events to family life". So, off you go. Except, what is a nursery rhyme, exactly? And how does it differ—if, indeed it differs at all—from any other sort of children"s poetry?E. Collectors of anything tend to have obsessive, eccentric and proprietorial tendencies, and from the realm of nursery rhyme there emerged some magnificent specimens. Strangest of all was John Bellenden Ker, who developed a laborious theory designed to prove that English nursery rhymes had emerged from a kind of political protest literature composed in a form of early Dutch (which was in fact his own invention).F. It is certain that the history of nursery rhymes is as old as the history of language. Rhythm and rhyme are not merely the foundations of language learning, hut—together with their natural partners, the physical activities of skipping, clapping, jumping, dancing—they are the great, free, unbreakable, ever-ready playthings of childhood. Iona Opie, the leading authority on children"s lore and literature, and her late husband, Peter, in their introduction to the Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, note a fragment of a children"s song in the Bible ("We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned unto you, and ye have not wept.")G. But on the whole, references to rhymes specifically intended for children are comparatively rare before the 18th century. All this changed swiftly in the mid-18th century, when the first book of nursery rhymes appeared: Tommy Thumb"s Pretty Song Book, published by a woman, Mary Cooper, and edited by "N. Lovechild", appeared in 1744 in two volumes, at 4d apiece. A single copy of volume two survives in the British Museum, containing rhymes that are as familiar to the modern as the Georgian nursery: "Bah, bah, a black sheep", "Who did kill Cock Robbin?" and "There was a little Man, And he had a little Gun."H. The ambiguity of what is and isn"t a nursery rhyme is compounded by the fact that every expert you consult seems to have a different theory. Nick Tucker, a former senior lecturer at the University of Sussex, comes up with the most enigmatic definition. "It"s completely self- defining," he says. "A nursery rhyme is something in a nursery rhyme book. Most anthologies are not interested in expanding the canon, because when people buy an anthology, they don"t want a lot of change. At home, they are singing bits of Beatles songs or football chants to their children, which would once have got into the nursery rhyme canon, if a folklorist had come and collected them—but we have got past that stage now."Order: D is the first paragraph, G is the sixth and E is the last.

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

TheChineseScienceandTechnologyPapersBeingIncludedinSCIA.Studythechartscarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200words.B.Youressayshouldcoverthesethreepoints:1)thechangeofthenumbersoftheChinesescienceandtechnologypapersbeingincludedinSCI2)possiblereasons3)yourpredictions

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

Will robots take over the workforce? And if they do, what jobs will be left for us humans? Many discussions take a【C1】______view that the workforce will indeed be【C2】______by robots in the future—and why that is a good thing. Carl Bass, the chief executive of Autodesk, acknowledged that workplace automation has【C3】______or reduced many manufacturing jobs, and will continue to do so in the future,【C4】______major shifts in the labor market. Entire【C5】______such as trucking, will eventually be disrupted by robotic【C6】______like self-driving cars, he said. But, Bass asked: "Are the jobs【C7】______to automation ones that you would want for your children?" Few parents, he said, dreamed their kids would someday become fuel pumpers or elevator【C8】______jobs already replaced by automation. In the next 30 years, Bass added, smart machines and robots will【C9】______humans on the planet. Bass presented some【C10】______ideas to help societies deal with the structural【C11】______generated by a robot-heavy workforce, including taxing economic output rather than income, or【C12】______a "negative income tax," in which governments pay citizens a subsidy in order to【C13】______a level of income. "With our【C14】______and imagination, we will find harmony with the robots," Bass said. 【C15】______, other discussions focused on identifying jobs which were likely to remain【C16】______from robots. For example, hairdressers might be considered safe. But not because robots can't cut hair—the relationship between hairdressers and their【C17】______simply can't be robotized(And, some people might be【C18】______of a robot holding a sharp blade so close to their necks,【C19】______plenty of robots already perform delicate surgery.) Another job【C20】______safe? Roboticist.

On TV Dating Shows A. On TV Dating Shows B. Word limit: 160~200 words (not including the given opening sentence) C. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: "In recent years, there are a flood of dating shows on TV." OUTLINE: 1. The popularity and controversy of TV dating shows 2. People's different opinions on these shows 3. My opinion

Nobody in our college knows Italian.

[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch,"ADinneratPoplarWalk"broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepenname"Boz"inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.[B]TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens'sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becameanationalfigure.[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythethen-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour'spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanewartist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.[D]CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer,DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.[E]Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.HetaughthimselfshorthandtogetonevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhimespeciallyanythingcomicoradd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines.[F]DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishNavypayoffice—arespectableposition,butwithlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeper,possessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dickens'smothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDickens'sbirth,hismother'sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishingfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimas"theyounggentleman."Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfather'simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDickens'sgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.[G]AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist,hetracesanorphan'sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDickensasanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.

The first day of class is a very important time for faculty to establish a tone for what will happen the rest of the term. It is appropriate that a teacher reflect on just what climate and first impression she/he would like to establish. This article offers some ideas about that important day. Reflecting on the first day of class, McKeachie suggests that "meeting a group of strangers who will affect your well being, is at the same time exciting and anxiety-producing for both students and teacher". (46) Research on the first day of class by Dr. Bush showed there was a real desire on the part of both students and teachers for connectedness, but neither group realized the other shared that desire. If the participants on both sides don"t understand how to develop their relationships, learning will be diminished(减少,变小). If you have experienced some anxiety about this meeting, planning some specific steps can not only reduce that feeling, but can get students to share in the sense of purpose you hold for the class. Some faculty avoid the "first day anxiety" by handing out a syllabus, giving an assignment, and dismissing the class. This only postpones the inevitable. It also gives students a sense that class time is not too important. (47) Most of all, it loses the opportunity to use the heightened excitement and anticipation that students bring that day, the chance to direct that excitement toward enthusiasm for the class. What can you do to establish a positive beginning? (48) How can you make sure students" attitudes toward you, the course, and the subject matter will support a constructive learning climate for the semester? The following ideas have been gathered to stimulate your thoughts about these questions. Perhaps you will think of others, but the following are things which could contribute to this goal. They are not in a particular order, but can be sampled to fit your own preferences. Conveying a sense of enthusiasm for the content is also very important. Scholl Buchwald suggests that professors "Rarely need to impress students with our command of the material. (49) What is not always clear to students is whether we are interested in the subject and whether we will be able to help them become as competent as we are". He suggests that one way to demonstrate enthusiasm is to talk about yourself and your own excitement about what you teach. What intrigues you, and what could interest them? (50) Another approach is to give a short lecture or lead a discussion to stimulate interest in the problem-solving that this subject matter could enable students to do. Consider core ideas, typical problems in the field, Cutting-edge discoveries, commonly held myths, provocative insights/interpretations or other stimulating insights into the field. Do you have slides or videotapes to enhance these images of inquiry? What interesting, related research is going on here at UNL? How might this have impact on their lives? How can you relate these ideas to their own experiences? Perhaps an interesting experiment or problem to solve can introduce the field.

The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his 【B1】______ languages, flail facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual 【B2】______, and a knowledge and understanding of the【B3】______subject-matter in his field of specialization. That is, as it 【B4】______ his professional equipment. 【B5】______ this, it is desirable that he should have an 【B6】______ mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work 【B7】______ his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others【B8】______his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task【B9】______. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding【B10】______with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to【B11】______rapidly from one source to another, since this ability is frequently 【B12】______ of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translator' s work. i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking,【B13】______that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage【B14】______a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can【B15】______with. It is,【B16】______, desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to【B17】______how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same【B18】______to an ability to write his source languages. If he cannot, it does not【B19】______. There are many other skills and【B20】______that are derirable in a translator.

Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to persuade others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can perform. But the mass production of goods resulting from the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century made person-to-person selling less efficient than it previously was for most products. The mass distribution of goods that followed the development of rail and highway systems made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive for almost all companies. At the same time, however, a growth in mass communication occurred first in newspapers and magazines, then radio and television that made mass selling possible. Advertising, then, is merely selling or salesmanship functioning in the paid space or time of various mass communication media. The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. The action may be to purchase a product, go to a showroom to try the product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, make a contribution, or even to join the army. Like any personal salesperson, the advertisement tries to persuade. The decision is the prospects. While advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as well. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost 5f a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far less than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising also brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising pays for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost publishing magazines and newspapers.

Over the past 50 years, expansive, low density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States and Canada, creating a phenomenon known as suburhan sprawl . Andres Duany, Elizabeth Flater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, a group of prominent town planners belonging to a movement called New Urbanism, contend that suburban sprawl contributes to the decline of civic life and civility. For reasons involving the flow of automobile traffic, they note, zoning laws usually dictate that suburban homes, stores, businesses, and schools be built in separate areas, and this separation robs people of communal space where they can interact and get to know one another. It is as difficult to imagine the concept of community without a town square or local pub, these town planners contend, as it is to imagine the concept of family independent of the house. Suburban housing subdivisions, Duany and his colleagues add, usually contain homes identical not only in appearance but also in price, resulting in a de facto economic segregation of residential neighborhoods. Children growing up in these neighborhoods, whatever their economic circumstances, are certain to be ill prepared for life in a diverse society. Moreover, because the widely separated suburban homes and businesses are connected only by "collector roads," residents areforccd to drive, often in heavy traffic, in order to perform many daily tasks. Time that would in a town center involve social interaction within a physical public realm is now spent inside the automobile, where people cease to be community members andinstead become motorists, competing for road space, often acting antisocially. Pedestrians rarely act in this manner toward each other. Duany and his colleagues advocate development based on early-twentieth century urban neighborhoods that mix housing of different prices and offer residents a "gratifying public realm" that includes narrow, tree-lined streets,parks, corner grocery stores, cafes, small-neighborhood schools, all within walking distance. This, they believe, would give people of diverse backgrounds and lifestyles an opportunity to interact and thus develop mutual respect. Opponents of New Urbanism claim that migrationto sprawling suburbs is an expression of people"s legitimate desire to secure the enjoyment and personal mobility provided by the automobile and thelifestyle that it makes possible. However, the New Urbanists do not question people"s right to their own values; instead, they suggest that we should take a more critical view of these values and of the sprawl-conducive zoning and subdivision policies that reflect them. New Urbanists are fundamentally concerned with the long-term social costs of the now-prevailing attitude that individual mobility, consumption, and wealth should be valued absolutely, regardless of their impact on community life.

【F1】 The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others. 【F2】 The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention—that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive free floating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation, the range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels sensitivity to novelty is increased.【F3】 The organism is more awake more vigilant, this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes of arousal and concentration give attention to its direction. Arousal is at first general with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in thigh these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends purposes. The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing.【F4】 Although in both kinds of animal arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it but the animal does experience something like it. The predator is searchingly aggressive inner directed, used by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than, say, a hungry lizard' s instinctive snap at a passing beetle. The large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds and yesterday's unforgotten lessons. The herbivore bray is of a different mind.【F5】 Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of anticipating are silk thin veils of tranquility over an explosive endocrine system.

This line of inquiry did not begin until earlier this month—more than three months after the accident—because there were "too many emotions, too many egos," said retired Adm. Harold Gehman, chairman of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. Testifying before the Senate Commerce Committee, Gehman said this part of his inquiry was in its earliest stages, starting just 10 days ago. But Gehman said he already has concluded it is "inconceivable" that NASA would have been unable or unwilling to attempt a rescue for astronauts in orbit if senior shuttle managers and administrators had known there was fatal damage to Columbia"s left wing. Gehman told reporters after the hearing that answers to these important questions could have enormous impact, since they could place in a different context NASA"s decisions against more aggressively checking possible wing damage in the days before Columbia"s fatal return. Investigators believe breakaway insulating foam damaged part of Columbia"s wing shortly after liftoff, allowing superheated air to penetrate the wing during its fiery re-entry on Feb. 1 and melt it from the inside. Among those decisions was the choice by NASA"s senior shuttle managers and administrators to reject offers of satellite images of possible damage to Columbia"s left wing before the accident. The subject dominated the early part of Wednesday"s hearing. Gehman complained that managers and administrators "missed signals" when they rejected those offers for images, a pointedly harsh assessment of the space agency"s inaction during the 16-day shuttle mission. "We will attempt to pin this issue down in our report, but there were a number of bureaucratic and administrative missed signals here", Gehman told senators. "We"re not quite so happy with the process." The investigative board already had recommended that NASA push for better coordination between the space agency and military offices in charge of satellites and telescopes. The U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency in March agreed to regularly capture detailed satellite images of space shuttles in orbit. Still, Gehman said it was unclear whether even images from America"s most sophisticated spy satellites might have detected on Columbia"s wing any damage, which Gehman said could have been as small as two inches square. The precise capabilities of such satellites was a sensitive topic during the Senate hearing.

Permit me first to thank our Chinese hosts for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality. My wife and I, as well as our entire party, are deeply grateful. In the short period of six days, we have gone a longer distance than the Long March. We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world. More than eight years have passed since vice premier Deng Xiaoping and I joined hands to establish full diplomatic relations between our two great nations. Our hope and vision was to forge a Sino-American relationship which would contribute to world peace and the welfare of our two peoples. I personally looked upon the forging of firm Sino-American ties as a historically significant experiment. We faced the question in 1978, as to some extent we still do today: Can two nations as different as ours—yours one of the oldest civilizations on earth, mine one of the youngest; yours a socialist state and mine committed to capitalism; yours a developing country and mine a developed one—can two nations surmount and indeed draw upon these differences to build an unprecedented and distinctive relationship in world affairs? If we are successful, in one great step our two nations will have been able to ease one of the greatest sources of tension in international affairs: that between the developing and developed worlds. We still have a long way to go, and it is still too early to conclude that our experiment will culminate in success, but certainly the results of the first ten years are promising. Sino-American ties have become extensive, affecting all aspects of our national lives: commerce, culture, education, scientific exchange and our separate national security policies. I"m most proud of the large number of Chinese students being educated in our country—now about 18000. I teach some of them and see the benefits that come from this exchange. At the same time, we are learning valuable lessons from you. Nonetheless, problems remain in our economic, educational and strategic relations. As a private American citizen I recognize that many of the burdens and opportunities of our relationship have now passed to the non-governmental sectors of our two societies: to individuals, our corporations, universities, research institutes, foundations, and so on. There is no doubt that Sino-American relations have reached a new stage. In this context, it is important for our two societies to search for areas of cooperation which clearly add to our mutual benefit. In that regard, I"m delighted that Global 2000-BCCI is launching two projects in the area of public health. Although ours is relatively quite small, such activities, when combined with our common foreign policy interests and a growing commercial relationship, should help to remove the lingering fragility in Si- no-American relations.

Tight-lipped elders used to say, "It's not what you want in this world, but what you get." Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.