A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. (46) The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein, the body-building element in food. If you have ever been without meat or other animal foods for some days or weeks(say, for religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called " amino-acids", which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids. (47) A great deal of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism. The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. (48) However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. (49) Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources. A lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, how ever, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products are consumed. Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable animal protein and next come milk, fish and eggs. Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-soluble vitamin C, should not be lost through over-cooking. With fruit, vitamin loss is negligible, because the cooking water is normally eaten along with the fruit, and acids in the fruit help to hold in the vitamin C. Most nutrition experts today Would recommend a balanced diet containing elements of all foods, largely because of our need for sufficient vitamins. (50) Vitamins were first called accessory food factors since it was discovered in 1906 that most foods contain, besides carbohydrates(碳水化合物), fats, minerals and water, these other substances necessary for health. The most common deficiencies in Western diets today are those of vitamins. The answer is variety in food. A well-balanced diet having sufficient amounts of milk, fruit, vegetables, eggs and meat, fish or fowl (i.e.) any good protein source usually provides adequate minimum daily requirements of all the vitamins.

Successful businesses tend to continue implementing the ideas that made them successful. But in a rapidly changing world, ideas often become obsolete overnight. What worked in the past won"t necessarily work in the future. In order to thrive in the future, you must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business. In fact, you must continually generate new ideas just to keep your head above water. Businesses that aren"t creative about their future may not survive. Although Bill Gates is the richest, most successful man on the planet, he did not anticipate the Internet. Now he"s scrambling to catch up. If Bill Gates can miss a major aspect of his industry, it can happen to you in your industry. Your business needs to continually innovate and create its future. Gates is now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft. Here"s what he said in a recent interview in U.S. News World Report: "Will we be replaced tomorrow? No. In a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company. But when you look to the two-to three-year time frame, I don"t think anyone can say with a straight face that any technology company has a guaranteed position. Not Intel, not Microsoft, not Compaq, not Dell, take any of your favorites. And that"s totally honest." You may remember that in 1985 the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were the beat-selling toy on the market. But after Coleco Industries introduced their sensational line of dolls they became complacent and didn"t create any new toys worth mentioning. As a result, Coleco went bankrupt in 1988. The most successful businesses survive in the long term because they constantly reassess their situations and reinvent themselves accordingly. The 3M Company has a 15% rule: Employees are encouraged to spend 15% of their time developing new ideas on any project they desire. It"s no surprise, then, that 3M has been around since 1902. Most businesses are not willing to tear apart last year"s model of success and build a new one. Here"s a familiar analogy to explain why they are lulled into complacency. Imagine that your business is like a pet of lobsters. To cook lobsters, you put them into a pot of warm water and gradually turn up the heat. The lobsters don"t realize they"re being cooked because the process is se gradual. As a result, they become complacent and die without a struggle. However, if you throw a lobster into the pot when the water is boiling, it will desperately try to escape. This lobster is not lulled by a slowly changing environment. It realizes instantly that it"s in a bad environment and takes immediate action to change its status.

(46) The classic difficulty felt with democracy arises from the fact that democracy can never express the will of the whole people because there never exists any such unchanging will (at least in any society that call itself democratic). The concept of government of the whole people by the whole people must be looked on as being in the poetry rather than in the prose of democracy; the fact of prose is that real democracy means government by some kind of dominant majority. (47) And the ever-present danger, repeatedly realized in fact, is that this dominant majority may behave toward those who are not of the majority in such a manner as to undermine the moral basis of the right of people, because they are people, to have some important say in the setting of their own course and in use of their own faculties. Other forms of government may similarly fail to respect human independence. But there is at least no contradiction in that; the underlying assumption of every kind of government by wiser and betters is that people on the whole are not fit to manage their own affairs, but must have someone else do it for them, and there is no paradox when such a treats its subjects without respect, or deals with them on the basis of their having no rights that the government must take into account. (48) But democracy affirms that people are fit to control themselves, and it cannot live in the same air with the theory that there is no limit to the extent to which public power—even the power of a majority can interfere with the lives of people. Rational limitation on power is therefore not a contradiction to democracy, but is of the very essence of democracy as such. Other sorts of government may impose such limitations on themselves as an act of grace. (49) Democracy is under the moral duty of limiting itself because such limitation is essential to the survival of that respect for humankind which is in the foundations of democracy. Respect for the freedom of all people cannot, of course, be the only guide, for there would then be no government. Delicate ongoing compromise is what must be looked for. (50) But democracy, unless it is to deny its own moral basis, must accept the necessity for making this compromise and for giving real weight to the claims of those without the presently effective political power to make their claims prevail in elections.

Next to snakes and crocs, Australians imagine sharks to be the country's most dangerous creature. Tim Winton, an author, calls sharks "substitute for the Devil". Seven swimmers in three years have died from shark attacks in Mr. Winton's home state of Western Australia. The state's government, led by Colin Barnett, is now taking revenge. In late November a skilled surfer died from a shark attack. A week later a shark killed a 19-year-old in New South Wales. The tragedies fed public anxieties. Mr. Barnett ordered no-go zones for sharks to be set up offshore, marked by lines of baited hooks. Any shark caught on them more than three metres long was to be shot. The first shark caught in this strategy was shot on January 26th. Mr. Barnett says he has to "protect the people of Western Australia". But previously hostile popular attitudes towards sharks are shifting. Plenty of Western Australians , along with environmentalists and shark experts, deplore the new policy. In early January, at the height of the summer holiday season, more than 4,000 protesters swamped Cottesloe Beach in Perth, with signs reading "Save Our Sharks" and "Science Not Slaughter". Of Australia's 180 or so shark species, only a few are dangerous to humans: chiefly, bull sharks, tiger sharks and great whites, which are protected under federal law. Their numbers have suffered from the trade in shark fins for soup in Asia, which Australia and others have banned. Nonetheless, the federal government has given its conservative counterpart in Western Australia an exemption from protecting great whites under its "catch-and-kill" policy. Despite the recent attacks, deaths from sharks are rare—an average of just one person a year for the past half-century around Australia's vast coastline, says the Australian Shark Attack File, a research outfit at Taronga Zoo in Sydney. By contrast, an average of 120 people drown each year off beaches and in harbours and rivers. There has been no fatal shark attack at Bondi beach in Sydney, Australia's most popular strand, since 1929.

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

BPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D./B

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about smart cards and mobile phones. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use.A. Energising moneyB. The dilemma of smart-card systemsC. The future of moneyD. Sending money homeE. Flashing the plasticF. A cash callG. How to pay in Tokyo Smart cards and mobile phones are quickly emerging as ways to pay with electronic cash. (41)______. Nowadays, some of the hottest nightclubs have a new trick for checking the identity of their VIP guests: they send an entry pass in the form of a super bar code to their mobile phones. Mobile phones are becoming an increasingly popular way to make all sorts of payments. In America fans of the Atlanta Hawks have been testing specially adapted Nokia handsets linked to their Visa cards to enter their local stadium and to buy refreshments. It reckons worldwide payments using mobile phones will climb from just $3.2 billion in 2003 to more than $37 billion by 2008. (42)______. More banking services are also being offered on mobiles. On February 12th, 19 telephone operators with networks in over 100 countries said that people would be able to use their handsets to send money abroad. MasterCard will operate the system in which remittances will be sent as text messages. Sir John Bond, formerly chairman of the HSBC banking group and now chairman of Vodafone, has long been convinced that payments and mobiles would somehow converge. "Mobile phones have the ability to make a dramatic change to village life in Africa", he says. (43)______. The various "contactless" payment systems rely on a technology called "near-field communication" (NFC). But mobile phones can be much smarter. They can be deactivated remotely; they have a screen which can show information, like a credit balance and product information; they have a keyboard to enter information and they can communicate. This means they can also be used to authorize larger payments by entering PIN codes directly on the handset or topped up with stored credit from an online bank account without having to go to an ATM. (44)______. To see the potential of mobile-phone money, start in Japan. Most Japanese have at least one credit card, but they tend to stay in their owners" pockets. Housewives routinely peel off crisp Y10,000 ($82) notes to pay for their shopping. Utility bills and other invoices are dutifully taken to the bank and paid in cash, or more likely these days at the local convenience store. Yet despite the popularity of cash, the mobile phone is starting to change even Japan"s traditional habits". However, many smart-card systems do not work with each other, but that will change on March 18th when 26 railways and 75 bus companies in the greater Tokyo area will begin sharing a new stored-value system, called Pasmo. This too will be available both as a plastic smart-card or built into mobile phones. (45)______. Unlike the Japanese, Americans prefer to use plastic for their purchases. Cards account for more than half of all transactions, up from 29% a decade ago, according to Nilson Report, a trade publication. More than 1.5 billion credit cards are stuffed into Americans" wallets. The average household has more than ten. Banks and credit-card firms hope to convert more cash and cheque payments to plastic with new smart cards. Some versions are already very successful. Many Americans use EasyPass, in which drivers pay for highway tolls wirelessly. A decade ago some observers predicted that internet banking would render retail banking from high-street branches obsolete. But JPMorgan, Bank of America and others are adamant that people are nowadays using bank branches more than ever. Even if the phone and the smart card replace cash, who gets to collect the fees remains open to contention.

It is impossible to measure the importance of Edison by adding up the specific inventions with which his name is associated. Far-reaching as many of them have been in their effect upon modern civilization, the total effect of Edison"s career surpasses the sum of all of them. He did not merely mak6 the incandescent lamp and the phonograph and innumerable other devices practicable for general use; (46) it was given to him to demonstrate the power of applied science so concretely, so understandably, so convincingly that he altered the mentality of mankind. In his lifetime, largely because of his successes, there came into widest acceptance the revolutionary conception that man could by the rise of his intelligence invent a new mode of living on this planet; the human spirit, which in all previous ages had regarded the conditions of life as essentially unchanging and beyond man s control, confidently, and perhaps somewhat naively, adopted the conviction that anything could be" changed and-everything could be controlled. This idea of progress is in the scale of history a very new idea. It seems first to have taken possession of a few minds in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as an accompaniment of the great advances in pure science. It gained greater currency in the first half of the nineteenth century when industrial civilization began to be transformed by the application of steam power. (47) But these changes, impressive as they were, created so much human misery by the crude and cruel manner in which they were exploited that all through the century men instinctively feared and opposed the progress of machines, and of the sciences on which they rested. It was only at the end of the century, with the perfecting of the electric light bulb, the telephone, the phonograph, and the like, that the ordinary man began to fell that science could actually benefit him. (48) Edison supplied the homely demonstrations which insured the popular acceptance of science, and clinched the popular argument, which had begun with Darwin, about the place of science in man"s outlook upon life. Thus he became the supreme propagandist of science and his name the great symbol of an almost blind faith in its possibilities. Thirty years ago, when I was a schoolboy, the ancient conservatism of man was still the normal inheritance of every child. We began to have electric lights, and telephones, and to se, homeless carriages, but our attitude was a mixture of wonder, fear, and doubt. Perhaps these would work Perhaps they would not explode. Perhaps it would be amusing to play with them. (49) Today every school boy not only takes all the existing inventions as much for granted as we took horses and dogs for granted, but also, he is entirely convinced that all other desirable things can and will be invented. In my youth the lonely inventor who could not obtain a hearing was still the stock figure of the imagination. Today the only people who are not absolutely sure that television is perfected are the inventors themselves. (50) No other person played so great a part as Edison in this change in human expectation, and finally, by the cumulative effect of his widely distributed inventions plus a combination of the modem publicity technique and the ancient myth-making faculty of men, he was lifted in the popular imagination to a place where he was looked upon not only as the symbol but as the creator of a new age.

I don"t know why UFOs are never sighted over large cities by hordes of people. But it is consistent with the idea that there are no space vehicles from elsewhere in our skies. I suppose it is also consistent with the ideas that space vehicles from elsewhere avoid large cities. However, the primary argument against recent extraterrestrial visitation is the absence of evidence. Take leprechauns. Suppose there are frequent reports of leprechauns. Because I myself am emotionally predisposed in favor of leprechauns, I would want to check the evidence especially carefully. Suppose I find that 500 picnickers independently saw a green blur in the forest. Terrific. But so what? This is evidence only for a green blur. Maybe it was a fast hummingbird. Such cases are reliable but not particularly interesting. Now suppose that someone reports: "I was walking through the forest and came upon a convention of 7000 leprechauns. We talked for a while and I was taken down into their hole in the ground and shown pots of gold and feathered green hats. "I will reply: "Fabulous! Who else went along?" And he will say, "Nobody", or "My fishing partner". This is a case that is interesting but unreliable. In a case of such importance, the uncorroborated testimony of one or two people is almost worthless. What I want is for the 500 picnickers to come upon the 7000 leprechauns.., or vice versa. The situation is the same with UFOs. The reliable cases are uninteresting and the interesting cases are unreliable. Unfortunately, there are no cases that are both reliable and interesting.

Doctors are having a hard go of things. Squeezed by falling refund, soaring malpractice insurance and punishing patient loads, they shouldn't have much to fear from the likes of Wal-Mart. But the fact is, the greeter in the red vest is increasingly going toe-to-toe with the doctor in the white coat—and winning—thanks to the growing phenomenon of retail health clinics. Retail clinics—free-standing, walk-in medical providers located in drug stores, shopping malls and stores like Wal-Mart, Target and Walgreens—are rapidly becoming to the health-care industry what Fotomat was to the camera world. There are roughly 1,000 clinics now operating in the US, offering acute care for such routine problems as throat infections and earaches as well as providing diabetes and cholesterol (a white substance found in animal tissues and various foods) screenings, routine checkups and vaccinations (the introduction of preventive medicine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease). The fees are low—and conspicuously posted; nearly all of the clinics treat both the insured and uninsured, and there is little or no waiting time. With 50 million Americans lacking health insurance and family budgets collapsing under the weight of medical costs, what's not to like about the clinics? Plenty, say physicians associations, whose members warn that clinics—which are typically staffed by nurse practitioners and are positioned in stores that also sell prescriptions—will be inclined to misdiagnose and overprescribe. Worse, they are not built to provide long-term care for chronic conditions such as hypertension (elevation of the blood pressure), and they threaten the ideal of a lasting doctor-patient relationship, denying consumers a so-called "medical home".Those, at least, are the arguments, though it was impossible to know how well-founded they were—until now. In twin studies published this week in the Annals of Internal Medicine, the Rand Corp. reports on an extensive survey of cost, quality and availability of retail health operations, and on nearly all measures, the clinics scored high. The studies, which took months to compile, were based on the performance of the 982 retail clinics that existed in the US as of August 2008—a tenfold increase since 2006. While that rise is impressive, as with much else in the health-care system it doesn't necessarily mean equal access to care. Clinics exist in only 33 states, and in those that have them, an overwhelming 88.4% is in urban areas. Just 10.6% of the US population lives within a five-minute drive of a clinic, and 28.7% lives 10 minutes away. The South is better served than the Midwest and West, and all three regions are better served than the East. Just five states (Florida, California, Texas, Minnesota and Illinois) are home to 44% of all American retail health clinics.

Behind closed doors in the Bavarian town of Ansbach a new factory is taking shape. 【C1】______ it will use robots and 【C2】______ production techniques such as additive manufacturing (known as 3D printing) is not surprising for Germany, which has maintained its manufacturing base 【C3】______ innovative engineering. 【C4】______ is unique about this factory is that it will not be making cars, aircraft or electronics 【C5】______ trainers and other sports shoes—an $80bn-a-year industry that has been 【C6】______ largely to China, Indonesia and Vietnam. 【C7】______ bringing production home, this factory is out to reinvent an industry. The Speedfactory, as the Ansbach plant is called, belongs to Adidas, a giant German sports-goods firm, and is being built with Oechsler Motion, a local firm 【C8】______ makes manufacturing equipment. Production is 【C9】______ to begin in mid-2017, slowly at first and then 【C10】______ to 500,000 pairs of trainers a year. Adidas is 【C11】______ a second Speedfactory near Adanta for the American market. 【C12】______ all goes well, they will spring up elsewhere, too. The numbers are 【C13】______ for a company that makes some 300m pairs of sports shoes each year. Yet Adidas is 【C14】______ the Speedfactory will help it to transform the way trainers are created. The techniques it 【C15】______ from the project can then be rolled out to other new factories 【C16】______ to existing ones, including in Asia— 【C17】______ demand for sports and casual wear is rising along with consumer wealth. Currently, trainers are made mostly by hand in giant factories, often in Asian countries, with people 【C18】______ components or shaping, bonding and sewing materials. Rising prosperity in the region means the cost of manual work outsourced to the region is rising. Labour shortages 【C19】______ . Certain jobs require craft skills which are becoming rarer; many people now have the wherewithal to avoid tasks that can be dirty or 【C20】______.

You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (l-5).There is one extra example which you do not need to use. The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar "tombstone" that lists where you went to school and where you"ve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the "functional" resume—descriptive, run to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview. It"s handy to have a "tombstone" for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested "tombstone" lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead. What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read—a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers. 【C1】Put yourself first: In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself. 【C2】Sell what you can do, not who you are: Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work. Toot your own horn! Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch—if only you show it. 【C3】Be specific, be concrete, and be brief. Remember that "brevity is the best policy." 【C4】Turn bad news into good: Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side. 【C5】Never apologize: If you"ve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph (summary of background) in place of a chronology of experience. Don"t apologize for working at being a mother; it"s the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just don"t mention education. How to prepare yourself: The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Don"t worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments (leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.) Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you"ve ready to show it to a stranger (friends are usually too kind) for a reaction. When you"ve satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right. Isn"t that the kind of person you"d want working for you?[A] A woman who lost her job as a teacher"s aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote: "Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher"s aide she would rehire if government funds became available."[B] One resume I received included the following: "invited by my superior to straighten out our organization"s accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion." Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward—all in 34 words.[C] For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills.[D] An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement "Ready to learn though not so well educated".[E] One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.[F] A woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She" d agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn"t in her resume. She answered, "It wasn"t important." What she was really saying of course was "I"m not important."

The history of the computer in the twentieth century is one of dramatic adaptation and expansion. The computer had modest beginnings in areas where it was used as a specialist tool. The first electronic computer was built in the 1930s and was solely for the use of undergraduate students in Iowa State University to handle mathematical computations in nuclear physics. In the 1960s an early version of the Internet, ARPPANET was used in computer science and engineering projects. However, only 10 years later computers were starting to change our life style, the way we do business and many other things and by the late 1980s" networks were expanding to embrace sections of the general public. Computerization has changed US high school education in many ways. Three different changes that consider being important. The first is the use of the computer as teaching aid for teachers. The next is the massive data storage and fast data retrieval facilitated by computer. Then comes the changes brought about by the introduction of simulation software. How prevalent is the use of computers in schools! As recently as the early 1980s only 20% of secondary science teachers in the USA were using microcomputers. However, since then high schools in the US have computerized rapidly. By 1987, schools had acquired about 1.5 million computers with 95% of public schools having at least one computer. Computers can be used as teaching aids both in schools and in homes. In schools, for example, teachers can plug a computer into an especially equipped overhead projector to bring texts, graphics, sound and videos into a classroom. By these multimedia computer animations, teachers can more readily attract and retain students" attention. Ann concludes that computer aided teaching can attract and motivate students who were dropping out when more traditional methods were being used. Let us now turn to the Internet. This is a global network connecting many local networks. Over the Internet, high school students can retrieve information and databases from every networked library around the world in seconds. The World Wide Web provides an easy way to access hard-to-find information. Students can now reach any library through the global network and find what they want. The final step is to download the scanned image. Though the slow transmission of signal through the network is a major limiting factor, it can still save us much time in finding useful information, and thus it is an invaluable tool to both high school teachers and students.

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethepicture,2)deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture,and3)suggestcounter-measures.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatly.

It is hard to box against a southpaw, as Apollo Creed found out when he fought Rocky Balboa in the first of an interminable series of movies. While "Rocky" is fiction, the strategic advantage of being left-handed in a fight is very real, simply because most right-handed people have little experience of fighting left-handers, but not vice versa. And the same competitive advantage is enjoyed by left-handers in other sports, such as tennis and cricket. The orthodox view of human handedness is that it is connected to the bilateral specialization of the brain that has concentrated language-processing functions on the left side of that organ. Because, long ago in the evolutionary past, an ancestor of humans (and all other vertebrate animals) underwent a contortion that twisted its head around 180 relative to its body, the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and vice versa. In humans, the left brain (and thus the right body) is usually dominant. And on average, lefthanders are smaller and lighter than right-handers. That should put them at an evolutionary disadvantage. Sporting advantage notwithstanding, therefore, the existence of left-handedness poses a problem for biologists. But Charlotte Faurie and Michel Raymond, of the University of Montpellier Ⅱ, in France, think they know the answer. As they report in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, there is a clue in the advantage seen in boxing. As any schoolboy could tell you, winning fights enhances your status. If, in prehistory, this translated into increased reproductive success, it might have been enough to maintain a certain proportion of left-handers in the population, by balancing the costs of being left-handed with the advantages gained in fighting. If that is true, then there will be a higher proportion of left-handers in societies with higher levels of violence, since the advantages of being left-handed will be enhanced in such societies. Dr. Faurie and Dr. Raymond set out to test this hypothesis. Fighting in modern societies often involves the use of technology, notably firearms, that is unlikely to give any advantage to left-handers. So Dr. Faurie and Dr. Raymond decided to confine their investigation to the proportion of left-handers and the level of violence (by number of homicides) in traditional societies. By trawling the literature, checking with police departments, and even going out into the field and asking people, the two researchers found that the proportion of left-handers in a traditional society is, indeed, correlated with its homicide rate. One of the highest proportions of left-handers, for example, was found among the Yanomamo of South America. Raiding and warfare are central to Yanomamo culture. The murder rate is 4 per 1,000 inhabitants per year (compared with, for example, 0.068 in New York). And, according to Dr. Faurie and Dr. Raymond, 22.6% of Yanomamo are left-handed. In contrast, Dioula-speaking people of Burkina Faso in West Africa are virtual pacifists. There are only 0.013 murders per 1,000 inhabitants among them and only 3.4% of the population is left-handed. While there is no suggestion that left-handed people are more violent than the right-handed, it looks as though they are more successfully violent. Perhaps that helps to explain the double meaning of the word "sinister".

There have been rumors. There's been gossip. All Hollywood is shocked to learn that Calista Flockhart, star of Fox's hit TV show Ally McBeal, is so thin. And we in the media are falling all over ourselves trying to figure out whether Flockhart has an eating disorder, especially now that she has denied it. Well, I'm not playing the game.【F1】 If the entertainment industry really cared about sending the wrong message on body image, it wouldn't need so many slender celebrities in the first place. But the fact remains that 2 million Americans-most of them women and girls-do suffer from eating disorders.【F2】 In the most extreme cases they literally starve themselves to death, and those who survive are at greater risk of developing brittle bones, life-threatening infections, kidney damage and heart problems. Fortunately, doctors have learned a lot over the past decade about what causes eating disorders and how to treat them. The numbers are shocking.【F3】 Approximately 1 in 150 teenage girls in the U. S. falls victim to anorexia nervosa, broadly defined as the refusal to eat enough to maintain even a minimal body weight. 【F4】 Not so clear is how many more suffer from bulimia, in which they binge on food, eating perhaps two or three days' worth of meals in 30 minutes, then remove the excess by taking medicine to move the bowels or inducing vomiting. Nor does age necessarily protect you. Anorexia has been diagnosed in girls as young as eight. Most deaths from the condition occur in women over 45. Doctors used to think eating disorders were purely psychological. Now they realize there's some problematic biology as well.【F5】 In a study published in the Archives of General Psychiatry recently, researchers found abnormal levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, in women who had been free of bulimia for at least a year. That may help explain why drugs have allowed a lot of people to stop swallowing in large doses of food. Unfortunately, the pills don't work as well for denial of food. Nor do they offer a simple one-stop cure. Health-care workers must re-educate their patients in how to eat and think about food. How can you tell if someone you love has an eating disorder? "Bulimics will often leave evidence around as if they want to get caught." says Tamara Pryor, director of an eating-disorders clinic at the University of Kansas in Wichita. Anorexics, by contrast, are more likely to go through long periods of denial.

He has not more than five dollars on him.

BSection III Writing/B

How to Reduce Damage Caused by Natural Disasters? A. Title: How to Reduce Damage Caused by Natural Disasters? B. Word limit: 160~200 words (not including the given opening sentence) C. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: "Human beings are often faced with natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and tsunamis which cause serious losses." OUTLINE: 1. The natural disasters human beings are often faced with 2. Concrete measures to reduce the damage caused by these disasters 3. Making a conclusion