In an ideal world, the nation"s elite schools would enroll the most qualified students. But that"s not how it (1)_____.Applicants whose parents are alums get special treatment, as (2)_____ athletes and rich kids. Underrepresented minorities are also given (3)_____. Thirty years of affirmative action have changed the character of (4)_____ white universities; now about 13 percent of all undergraduates are black or Latino. (5)_____ a recent study by the Century Foundation found that at the nation"s 146 most (6)_____ schools, 74 percent of students came from upper middle-class and wealthy families, while only about 5 percent came from families with an annual income of (7)_____ $35,000 or less. Many schools say diversity—racial, economic and geographic—is (8)_____ to maintaining intellectually (9)_____ campuses. But Richard Kahlenberg of the Century Foundation says that even though colleges (10)_____ they want poor kids, "they don"t try very hard to find them". (11)_____ rural students, many colleges don"t try at all. "Unfortunately, we go where we can (12)_____ a sizable number of potential applicants", says Tulane admissions chief Richard Whiteside, who (13)_____ aggressively and in person—from metropolitan areas. Kids in rural areas get a glossy (14)_____ in the mail. Even when poor rural students have the (15)_____ for top colleges, their high schools often don"t know how to get them there. Admissions officers (16)_____ guidance counselors to direct them to promising prospects. In (17)_____ high schools, guidance counselors often have personal (18)_____ with both kids and admissions officers. In rural areas, a teacher, a counselor or (19)_____ an alumnus "can help put a rural student on our radar screen", says Wesleyan admissions dean Nancy Meislahn. But poor rural schools rarely have college (20)_____ with those connections; without them, admission "can be a crapshoot", says Carnegie Mellon"s Steidel.

SoBig. F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by anti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus. SoBig. F was able to spoof this system by "harvesting" e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected. Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig. F was so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig. F was capable of "multi-threading", it could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes. Blaster worked by creating a "buffer overrun in the remote procedure call". In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsoft"s Windows operating system to allow one computer to control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory. Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting. One Way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster someone seems to have tried exactly that with a program called Welchi. However, according to Mr. Haley, Welchi has caused almost as many problems as Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with "pings" signals that checked for the presence of other computers. Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives of their authors, they still caused damage. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York Times newsroom, and the one organising trains operated by CSX, a freight company on America"s east coast. Computer scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before a truly devastating virus is unleashed.

For some reason, you failed to answer your friend David"s letter in time. Write a letter with no less than 100 words to explain the reasons. Write it neatly and do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. Current interest in【C1】______between music and intelligence stems from two independent areas of research. One focuses on short-term effects of【C2】______listening to music. The other is on a seperate【C3】______of research, which examines whether music lessons have【C4】______benefits that extend to non-musical areas of cognition. Such【C5】______could be unique to children who take music lessons for long periods of time【C6】______their experiences differ substantially from those of other children. Music lessons【C7】______long periods of focused attention, memorization of【C8】______ musical passages, learning about a variety of musical structures, and 【C9】______mastery of technical skills and the conventions【C10】______the expression of emotions in performance. This【C11】______of experiences could have a positive impact on cognition, particularly during the childhood years, when brain development is highly【C12】______and sensitive to environmental influence. Previous findings are【C13】______with the hypothesis that music lessons promote intellectual development. For example, natural musical gifts is associated with literacy.【C14】______ , correlational and experimental studies 【C15】______that music lessons have positive relations with verbal memory, reading ability, selective attention, and mathematics achievement.【C16】______, the simplest explanation of these【C17】______relations is that they come from a common component, such as general intelligence. Put simply, children【C18】______high IQs are more likely than other children to take music lessons. To conclude that music lessons have a casual relation with IQ that is【C19】______to music, one must rule【C20】______potentially confusing factors such as socioeconomic status, and education, and demonstrate that non-musical, extracurricular activities do not have comparable effects on IQ.

DilemmaWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.

Although Consumers Union concedes that " no confirmed cases of harm to humans from manufactured nanoparticles have been reported", it adds that "there is cause for concern based on several worrisome findings from the limited laboratory and animal research so far. " It worries that particles that are nontoxic at normal sizes may become toxic when nanosized; that these nanoparticles, which are already present in cosmetics and food, can more easily "enter the body and its vital organs, including the brain", than normal particles; and that nanomaterials will linger longer in the environment. All of this really comes down to pointing out that some particles are smaller than others. Size is not a reliable indicator of potential harm to human beings, and nature itself is filled with nanoparticles. But the default assumption of danger from the new is palpable. Anti-nanotech sentiment has not been restricted to Consumers Union " s relatively short list of concerns. In France, groups of hundreds of protesters have rallied against even such benign manifestations of the technology as the carbon nanotubules that allow Parkinson"s sufferers to stop tremors by directing medicine to their own brains. In England members of a group called THRONG(The Heavenly Righteous Opposed to Nanotech Greed)have disrupted nanotech business conferences dressed as angels. In 2005 naked protesters appeared in front of an Eddie Bauer store in Chicago to condemn one of the more visible uses of nanotech: stain-resistant pants. These nanopants employ billions of tiny whiskers to create a layer of air above the rest of the fabric, causing liquids to roll off easily. It"s not quite what Kurzweil and Crichton had in mind, nor is it "little robots in your pants", as CNN put it. But nanotechnology arguably embraces any item that incorporates engineering at the molecular level, including mundane products like this one. Just as the nano label can be broadly applied to products for branding and attention-grabbing purposes, so too can critics use the label to condemn barely related developments by linking them to the(still hypothetical)problems of nanopollution and gray goo. But there"s a danger in thinking of nanotech only in god-or-goo terms. People at both extremes of the controversy fail to appreciate the humble, incremental, yet encouraging progress that nanotech researchers are making. And focusing on dramatic visions of nanotech heaven or hell may foster restrictions that delay or block innovations that can extend and improve our lives.

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould:1)describethecartoon,pointoutthemessageconveyed;2)giveyourcomment.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatly.

In the past year, a lot has changed in the field of human spaceflight. (46) In January, President George Bush brushed aside the fact that America"s entire space-shuttle fleet was grounded when he announced grandiose plans to put people back on the moon, and then to launch a manned mission to Mars. (47) In June, Burt Rutan, an American aeronautical engineer, showed that human spaceflight was no longer the preserve of governments by sending a man to the edge of space in Space Ship One, a privately financed vehicle that cost about the same to build as a luxury yacht. That was followed in September by Sir Richard Branson, the British entrepreneur behind the Virgin brand, announcing that he had signed a deal with Mr. Rutan to work on plans for a fleet of five suborbital vehicles developed from Space Ship One. (48) Now, in the dying days of the year, America"s Congress has passed a bill that unravels a tangle about who would be responsible for regulating the fledgling industry, and under what terms. (49) The bill also allows passengers to fly on the understanding that this new generation of vehicles may not be as safe as taking a commercial flight between, say, New York and London. The official line from Virgin Galactica, as Sir Richard"s latest venture is modestly named, is that this coming change in the law makes no practical difference to the firm"s plans, since they do not intend to fly unless they can make their spacecraft as safe as a private jet. But it must surely come as some sort of relief. In any case, Will Whitehorn, director of corporate affairs at Virgin"s headquarters in London, and soon to become the president of Virgin Galactica, says that work is under way on a mock-up of the interior of a new spacecraft that will hold five passengers. (50) Virgin has already committed $20m towards licensing the Space Ship One technology from Mr. Rutan and his financial backer Paul Allen, a software billionaire.

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about network etiquette. Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbered paragraph. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you don"t need to use.A. Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real lifeB. Respect other people"s time and bandwidthC. Share expert knowledgeD. Remember the humanE. Make yourself look good onlineF. Know where you are in cyberspace What is Netiquette? Simply stated, it"s network etiquette—that is, the etiquette of cyberspace. And "etiquette" means "the forms required by good breeding or prescribed by authority to be required in social or official life". In other words, Netiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online. (41)______. When you communicate electronically, all you see is a computer screen. You don"t have the opportunity to use facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice to communicate your meaning; words—lonely written words are all you"ve got. And that goes for your correspondent as well. Holding a conversation online—whether it"s an email exchange or a response to a discussion group posting—it"s easy to misinterpret your correspondent"s meaning and it"s frighteningly easy to forget that your correspondent is a person with feelings more or less like your own. Yes, you may use your network connections to express yourself freely, explore strange new worlds, and boldly go where you"ve never gone before. But remember the Prime Directive of Netiquette: Those are real people out there. (42)______. In real life, most people are fairly law-abiding, either by disposition or because we"re afraid of getting caught. In cyberspace, the chances of getting caught sometimes seem slim. And, perhaps because people sometimes forget that there"s a human being on the other side of the computer, some people think that a lower standard of ethics or personal behavior is acceptable in cyberspace. The confusion may be understandable, but these people are mistaken. Standards of behavior may be different in some areas of cyberspace, but they are not lower than in real life. (43)______. What"s perfectly acceptable in one area may be dreadfully rude in another. For example, in most TV discussion groups, passing on idle gossip is perfectly permissible. But throwing around unsubstantiated rumors in a journalists" mailing list will make you very unpopular there. And because Netiquette is different in different places, thus, lurk before you leap. When you enter a domain of cyberspace that"s new to you, take a look around. Spend a while listening to the chat or reading the archives. Get a sense of how the people who are already there act. Then go ahead and participate. (44)______. Networks—particularly discussion groups—let you reach out to people you"d otherwise never meet. And none of them can see you. You won"t be judged by the color of your skin, eyes, or hair, your weight, your age, or your clothing. You will, however, be judged by the quality of your writing. So spelling and grammar do count. Also, pay attention to the content of your writing. Be sure you know what you"re talking about—when you see yourself writing "it"s my understanding that" or "I believe it"s the case," ask yourself whether you really want to post this note before checking your facts. Finally, be pleasant and polite. Don"t use offensive language, and don"t be confrontational for the sake o~ confrontation. (45)______. The strength of cyberspace is in its, numbers. The reason asking questions online works is that a lot of knowledgeable people are reading the questions. And if even a few of them offer intelligent answers, the sum total of world knowledge increases. The Internet itself was founded and grew because scientists wanted to share information. Gradually, the rest of us got in on the act. So do your part. Don"t be afraid to share what you know. It"s especially polite to share the results of your questions with others. When you anticipate that you"ll get a lot of answers to a question, or when you post a question to a discussion group that you don"t visit often, it"s customary to request replies by email instead of to the group. When you get all those responses, write up a summary and post it to the discussion group. That way, everyone benefits from the experts who took the time to write to you, sharing your knowledge is fun. It"s a long-time net tradition. And it makes the world a better place.

You should assume, in trying for jobs, that you will not be the only applicant. The single most prevalent deciding factor is the 【B1】______ To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain personal and 【B2】______ qualities. You need to create a good image in the limited time 【B3】______ , usually from 30 to 45 minutes. 【B4】______ ,you must make a positive impression which the interviewer will 【B5】______ while he interviews other applicants. At all times, you should present your most attractive 【B6】______ during an interview. You should, 【B7】______ , take care to appear well-groomed and modestly dressed, avoiding the extremes of too 【B8】______ or too casual attire. Besides 【B9】______ for personal appearance, you should pay close attention to your manner of 【B10】______ Since speech is a reflection of personality, you should reflect 【B11】______ by speaking in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard 【B12】______ being aggressive or overpowering. Speaking without a subject will not impress anyone. You should be prepared to talk 【B13】______ about the requirements of the position for which you are applying 【B14】______ your own professional experiences and interests. Knowing something about the 【B15】______ enables you to ask intelligent questions about the work and the 【B16】______ for the job. The interviewer can decide from the questions asked whether you are 【B17】______ interested or knowledgeable. You can comment on your own training, experience, and other 【B18】______ in relation to the specific tasks of the position. The interviewer can determine whether your background and 【B19】______ seem to fit the position. The position for which you are applying is not only the safest topic for discussion, it is essential that you 【B20】______ your understanding of the requirements and your abilities in meeting these requirements.

People don"t want to buy information online. Why? Because they don"t have to. No more than that because they"re used to not paying for it. That"s the conventional wisdom. Slate, Microsoft"s online politics-and-culture magazine, is an oft-cited example of the failed attempts to charge a fee for access to content. So far, for most publishers, it hasn"t worked. But nothing on the Web is a done deal. In September graphics-soft-ware powerhouse Adobe announced new applications that integrate commerce into downloading books and articles online, with Simon & Schuster, Barnes and Noble, and Salon. corn among its high-profile partners. Some analysts put the market for digitized publishing at more than $100 billion. Of course, if the Internet can generate that kind of money—some might say almost any kind of money—people want in. And this couldn"t come at a better time. Newspaper and magazine writers in particular are increasingly frustrated by their publishers, which post their writings online but frequently don"t pay them extra. So here"s the good news: Fathrain. com, the third biggest book-seller on the Net—after Amazon. com and Barnesandnoble. corn—is now doing just what the publishing industry that made it a success fears., it"s offering a secure way to pay for downloadable manuscripts online. Fatbrain calls it offshoot eMatter. With it, the company"s executives have the radical notion of ousting publishers from the book-selling business altogether by giving writers 50% of each and every sale (To reel in authors, eMatter is running a 100% royalty promotion until the end of the year. ) Suggested prices to consumers range from a minimum $ 2 to $ 20, depending on the size of the book to download. "This will change publishing forever!" Chris MaeAskill, co-founder and chief executive of Fatbrain, declares with the bravado of an interior decorator. "With eBay, anybody could sell antiques. Now anybody can be published. " There"s been no shortage of authors wanting in. Within a few weeks, according to the company, some 2,000 writers signed on to publish their works. Some of this is technical stuff—Fatbrain got where it is by specializing in technical books—but there are some well-known writers like Catherine Lanigan, author of Romancing the Stone, who has put her out-of-print books and a new novella on the site. Another popular draw is Richard Bach, who agreed to post a 23-page short story to the site. Not everyone thinks downloadable documents are the biggest thing in publishing since Oprah"s Book Club. "I think it will appeal to sellers more than buyers," says Michael May, a digitalcommerce analyst at Jupiter Communications, which released a report that cast doubt on the market"s potential. "A lot of people are going to publish gibberish. The challenge is to ensure the quality of the work. " Blaine Mathieu, an analyst at Gartner Group"s Dataquest, says, "Most people who want digital content want it immediately, I don"t know if this model would satisfy their immediate need. Even authors may not find that Web distribution of their works is going to bring them a pot of gold. For one thing, it could undermine sales rather than enhance them. For another, anybody could e-mail downloaded copies of manuscripts around town or around the world over the Net without the writer"s ever seeing a proverbial dime. " Softlock. com, Authentica and Fatbrain are trying to head this problem off by developing encryption padlocks that would allow only one hard drive to receive and print the manuscripts. For now, the problem persists.

BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B

The Republican Party has lost its mind. To win elections, a party needs votes, obviously, and constituencies. First, however, it needs ideas. In 1994—95, the Republican Party had after long struggle advanced a coherent, compelling set of political ideas expressed in a specific legislative agenda. The political story of 1996 is that this same party, within the space of six weeks, then became totally, shockingly intellectually deranged. Then, astonishingly, on the very moment of their philosophical victory, just as the Republicans prepared to carry these ideas into battle in November, came cannon fire from the rear. Pat Buchanan first came out to declare a general insurrection. The enemy, according to Buchanan, is not the welfare state. It is that conservative icon, capitalism, with its ruthless captains of industry, greedy financiers and political elites (Republicans included, of course). All three groups collaborate to let foreigners—immigrants, traders, parasitic foreign-aid loafers—destroy the good life of the ordinary American worker. Buchananism would support and wield a big and mighty government apparatus to protect the little guy from buffeting, a government that builds trade walls and immigrant-repelling fences, that imposes punitive taxes on imports, and that polices the hiring and firing practices of business with the arrogance of the most zealous forcer. Republicans have focused too much on the mere tactical dangers posed by this assault. Yes, it gives ammunition to the Democrats. Yes, it puts the eventual nominee through a bruising campaign and delivers him tarnished and drained into the ring against Bill Clinton. But the real danger is philosophical, not tactical. It is axioms, not just policies, that are under fire. The Republican idea of smaller government is being ground to dust—by Republicans. In the middle of an election year, when they should be honing their themes against Democratic liberalism, Buchanan"s rise is forcing a pointless rearguard battle against a philosophical corpse, the obsolete paleoconservatism—a mix of nativism, protectionism and isolationism—of the 1930s. As the candidates" debate in Arizona last week showed, the entire primary campaign will be fought on Buchanan"s grounds, fending off his Smoot-Hawley-Franco populism. And then what? After the convention, what does the nominee do? Try to resurrect the anti-welfare state themes of the historically successful "94 congressional campaign? Political parties can survive bruising primary battles. They cannot survive ideological meltdown. Dole and Buchanan say they are fighting for the heart and soul of the Republican Party. Heart and soul, however, will get you nowhere when you"ve lost your way—and your mind.

BPart B/B

You are going to read an article which is followed by a list of examples or headings. Choose the most suitable one from the list A-F for each numbered position(41-45). There may be certain extra which you do not need to use. (10 points) You are going to read a list of headings and a text about the amazing success of the novel The Da Vinci Code.A. The marketing of the novelB. The value of the novelC. The successful distribution channel is a helperD. The special writing style attracts the reader successfullyE. Feedback from the sellerF. Chain reaction of the novel Two years ago this month, Doubleday published a historical thriller with an announced first printing of 85,000 and high hopes that a little-known writer named Dan Brown would catch on with the general public. "We surely expected to have a huge success, but I don"t think anyone dreamed it would become a historic publication," says Stephen Rubin, president and publisher of the Doubleday Broadway Publishing Group. (41)______. If the "Harry Potter" books stand as the essential popular read for young people, then "The Da Vinci Code" has captured the crown for grown-ups. A word-of-mouth sensation from the moment it came out, Brown"s controversial mix of storytelling and speculation remains high on best-seller lists even as it begins its third year since publication. (42)______.Twenty-five million books, in 44 languages, are in print worldwide and no end is in sight. Booksellers expect "The Da Vinci Code" to remain a best-seller well into 2005. A planned film version by Oscar-winning director Ron Howard should bring in even more readers. And at a time when consumers are supposedly minding their budgets, sales for the $24.95 hardcover have been so good that Doubleday still has set no date for a paperback. (43)______. "It"s been our No. 1 fiction book for two years in a row, and I can"t remember another time that happened," said Bob Wietrak, vice president of merchandising for Barnes Noble Inc. "People come into our store all the time and ask for it or ask for books that are like it." (44)______. Thanks to "The Da Vinci Code", about the only books that seem able to keep up are Brown"s previous novels. "Deception Point," first released in 2001, now has 3.7 million copies in print, according to Simon ＆ Schuster, Brown"s previous publisher. "Angels and demons," published in 2000 and featuring "Da Vinci" protagonist Robert Langdon, has more than 8 million copies in print. (45)______. The unprecedented success of "The Da Vinci Code" has been helped by wide access, with the book on sale everywhere from Wal-Mart to airports to supermarkets, often proving more popular than the mass market paperbacks available at the same outlets. "The Da Vinci Code" has also thrived during a time when both literary and commercial novels struggled, when a tight economy, competition from other media and election-year tensions drove the public to nonfiction works or away from books altogether. Publishers and booksellers say Brown"s novel has worked by combining narrative excitement and provocative -and disputed-historical detail.

[A]YoumayhavetoimpressthecompanyHRrepresentativesaswell.HRrepsaretypicallytrainedtoaskveryspecificandpersonalquestions,likewhatsalaryyouexpectandwhatyou"vemadeinthepast.Theymightaskyouaboutyourimpressionsofthecompanyandthepeoplewhointerviewedyou.Theymightalsoaskifyouhaveotheroffers.Ifso,chancesaregoodthattheyarewillingtocompeteforyou.Butifyousaythatyouhaveotheroffers,bepreparedtobackitupwiththewho,whatandwhen,becausetheymightchallengeyou.TheHRrepsarealsothepeoplewhowillconductorarrangereferenceandbackgroundchecks.Theymighthavethefinalsay.[B]Besidesmanagement,youmightalsointerviewwithoneormoreofyourfuturecoworkers.Regardlessofthequestionstheyask,whattheymostreallywanttoknowishowwellyou"llfitintotheteam,ifyou"llcausethemmoreworkinsteadofless,andiftheyshouldfeelthreatenedbyyou.Whenanswering,beeagerenoughtoshowthatyouareagoodteamplayerandwillpullyourload,butnotsoeagerastoappeartobeaback-stabbingladderclimber![C]Alwaysresearchacompanybeforeyouinterview,andrememberthatattire,bodylanguageandmannerscount,bigtime.Trytoavoidcommonmistakes.Youmaythinkthatthisiscommonsense,butcrazystuffreallyhappens![D]JobinterviewingisoneofthemostpopularcareertopicsontheWeb.Butnocareeradvisorcantellyouexactlywhattosayduringajobinterview.Interviewsarejusttooup-closeandpersonalforthat.Aboutthebestthatcareeradvisorscando,istogiveyousometipsaboutthetypicalquestionstoexpect,soyoucanpracticeansweringthemaheadoftime.But,whiletherearemanycannedinterviewquestions,therearefewcannedanswers.Therestisuptoyou.[E]Bepreparedtoattendasecondinterviewatthesamecompany,andmaybeevenathirdorfourth.Ifyou"recalledbackformoreinterviews,itmeansthatthey"reinterestedinyou.But,itdoesn"tmeanyou"reashoo-in.Mostlikely,theyarenarrowingthecompetition,sokeepupthegoodwork![F]Toputyousomewhatatease,manyinterviewersreallydon"tknowhowtointervieweffectively.Frontlineinterviewersaretypicallymanagersandsupervisorswhohaveneverbeenorarebarelytrainedininterviewingtechniques.They"realittlenervoustoo,justlikeyou.Somedon"tevenprepareinadvance.Thismakesiteasierforyoutotakecontroloftheinterview,ifyouhaveprepared.Butincontrollinganinterview,it"snotagoodideatotrytodominate.Instead,trytosteerittowardlandingthejob.[G]Afterinterviewing,immediatelysendathankyoulettertoeachofyourinterviewers.It"sprofessionalandexpected,andmightevenbethedecidingfactorinyourfavor.[H]Remember,it"satwo-waystreet.It"stheemployer"schancetojudgeyou,butit"salsoverymuchyourchancetojudgetheemployer.Infact,ifyouhandleyourselfwellandasktherightquestions,you"11puttheinterviewerinthepositionofsellingthecompanytoyou.Ifthishappens,you"reprobablydoingwell.Order:

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethepicture,2)deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture,and3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast200wordsneatly.

A cramped public-school test kitchen might seem an unlikely outpost for a food revolution. But Collazo, executive chef for the New York City public schools, and scores of others across the country—celebrity chefs and lunch ladies, district superintendents and politicians—say they"re determined to improve what kids eat in school. Nearly everyone agrees something must be done. Most school cafeterias are staffed by poorly trained, badly equipped workers who churn out 4.8 billion hot lunches a year. Often the meals, produced for about $1 each, consist of breaded meat patties, French fries and overcooked vegetables. So the kids buy muffins, cookies and ice cream instead—or they feast on fast food from McDonald"s, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell, which is available in more than half the schools in the nation. Vending machines packed with sodas and candy line the hall ways. "We"re killing our kids" with the food we serve, says Texas Education Commissioner Susan Combs. As rates of childhood obesity and diabetes skyrocket, public-health officials say schools need to change the way kids eat. It won"t be easy. Some kids and their parents don"t know better. Home cooking is becoming a forgotten art. And fast-food companies now spend $3 billion a year on television ads aimed at children. Along with reading and writing, schools need to teach kids what to eat to stay healthy, says culinary innovator Alice Waters, who is introducing gardening and fresh produce to 16 schools in California. It"s a golden opportunity, she says, "to affect the way children eat for the rest of their lives." Last year star English chef Jamie Oliver took over a school cafeteria in a working-class suburb of London. A documentary about his work shamed the British government into spending $500 million to revamp the nation"s school-food program. Oliver says it"s the United States" turn now. "If you can put a man on the moon," he says, "you can give kids the food they need to make them lighter, fitter and live longer." Changing school food will take money. Many schools administrators are hooked on the easy cash up to $75,000 annually—that soda and candy vending machines can bring in. Three years ago Gary Hirshberg of Concord, N.H., was appalled when his 13-year-old son described his daytime meal—pizza, chocolate milk and a package of Skittles. "I wasn"t aware Skittles was a food group," says Hirshberg, CEO of Stonyfield Farm, a yogurt company. So he devised a vending machine that stocks healthy snacks: yogurt smoothies, fruit leathers and whole-wheat pretzels. So far 41 schools in California, Illinois and Washington are using his machines—and a thousand more have requested them. Hirshberg says, "schools have to make good food a priority." Some states are trying. California, New York and Texas have passed new laws that limit junk food sold on school grounds. Districts in California, New Mexico and Washington have begun buying produce from local farms. The soda and candy in the vending machines have been replaced by juice and beef jerky. "It"s not perfect," says Jannison. But it"s a cause worth fighting for, Even if she has to battle one chip at a time.

BSection III Writing/B

Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major【C1】______to consider the role of government Government has a powerful【C2】______on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system【C3】______the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment Conversely the【C4】______and maintenance of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems,【C5】______a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily【C6】______for by state or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are【C7】______the responsibilities of local government. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private enterprise, in many ways, for the【C8】______of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people【C9】______a whole. Regulation is【C10】______in areas where private enterprise is【C11】______a monopoly, such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy【C12】______such companies to make a reasonable profit,【C13】______limits their ability to raise prices unfairly, since the public depends on their services. Often control is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans【C14】______drugs, or requires standards of【C15】______in food. Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government including Congress attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust of inflation and depression, by【C16】______tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit They can also【C17】______the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government【C18】______businesses and individuals with many kinds of help. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively【C19】______of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed【C20】______American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods.