Some historians say that the most important contribution of Dwight Eisenhower" s presidency in the 1950s was the U.S. interstate highway system. It was a 【C1】______ project, easily surpassing the scale of such previous human 【C2】______as the Panama Canal. Eisenhower" s interstate highways 【C3】______the nation together in new ways and 【C4】______ major economic growth by making commerce less 【C5】______. Today, an information superhighway has been built—an electronic network that 【C6】______ libraries, corporations, government agencies and【C7】______. This electronic superhighway is called the Internet, 【C8】______it is the backbone of the World Wide Web. The Internet had its【C9】______ in a 1643 U.S. Defense Department computer network called ARPA net, which【C10】______Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The Pentagon built the network for military contractors and universities doing military research to【C11】______ information. In 1662 the National Science Foundation (NSF), 【C12】______mission is to promote science, took over. This new NSF network【C13】______more and more institutional users, many of 【C14】______had their own internal networks. For example, most universities that 【C15】______ the NSF network had intercampus computer networks. The NSF network【C16】______ became a connector for thousands of other networks.【C17】______ a backbone system that interconnects networks, internet was a name that fit. So we can see that the Internet is the wired infrastructure on which web【C18】______ move. It began as a military communication system, which expanded into a government-funded【C19】______ research network. Today, the Internet is a user-financed system tying institutions of many sorts together【C20】______an "information superhighway".

On the afternoon of April 19th, 1587, Sir Francis Dr. Ake led his convoy of 31 ships into the port of Cadiz, (1)_____ the Spanish navy was being prepared to (2)_____ England. The Spanish were (3)_____ completely by surprise, and Dr. Ake"s men quickly looted, sank or burnt every ship in sight. After clearing the harbour of stores and (4)_____ off a Spanish attack, Dr, eke and his ships (5)_____ without the loss of a single man. Back in England, Dr. aka became a national hero, and his daring attack became known as the "singeing of the King of Spain"s beard". As well as (6)_____ back the Spanish plan to invade England by several months, Dr. Ake"s daring attack (7)_____ the success of a popular new drink. For among the stores that he (8)_____ from Cadiz were 2,900 large barrels of sack, a wine made in the Jerez region of Spain, and the (9)_____ of today"s sherry. The wine makers of Jerez looked for overseas markets, and sack started to take off in England. In 1587, the celebratory drinking of the sack brought back from Cadiz by Dr. Ake gave it a further (10)_____ and made it hugely fashionable, (11)_____ its Spanish origin. For (12)_____ chemical reasons, sack was an unusually long-lasting and (13)_____ wine. This made it ideal for taking on long sea voyages, (14)_____ which alcoholic drinks acted as a vital social lubricant that (15)_____ the hardship of spending weeks packed into a (16)_____ ship. Columbus took sack with him to the new world in the 1490s, making it the first wine to be (17)_____ into the Americas. In 1604, sack was (18)_____ official recognition of (19)_____ when James I (20)_____ an ordinance limiting its consumption at court. By this time sack was popularly known as sherris-sack (sherris being a corruption of Jerez), which eventually became the modern word sherry.

BPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D./B

"Nanny", "tyrant"—these were among the charges hurled at Michael Bloomberg, New York's mayor, when he proposed a ban on big fizzy-drink bottles last May. The billionaire shrugged and pushed forward. However even Mr Bloomberg must heed a court order. The American Beverage Association, which represents Coca-Cola and other soda companies, has sued. Mr Bloomberg's ban is due to start on March 12th, but a judge may intervene. Three years after Michelle Obama launched her Let's Move! campaign, the fight against childhood obesity faces a tactical problem. Recent years have been dipping obesity rates in a few places, including New York, Mississippi and Philadelphia. But 17% of American children are still obese. The question is how to speed up progress. Further bans look increasingly unlikely. Voluntary programs remain politically much easier. Mrs Obama has exhorted firms to take action. Many companies have. On March 6th the Partnership for a Healthier America, a business group, published a report praising its members for putting more grocers in poor areas and healthier foods at restaurants. Sixteen food and beverage companies have promised to slash a combined 1.5 trillion calories from their products by 2015. Their first progress report is due in June. The long-term effect of these efforts may be slim. For example, even if the food and drink firms keep their promise , they would cut just 14 calories from the average American's daily diet. Regulations might bring bigger change, but recent years suggest that such rules will come slowly, if at all. Congress did pass a law requiring healthier school lunches, though its effects are limited. Other attempts at national regulation have stalled. Four federal agencies studied voluntary guidelines to limit junk-food advertisements to children. Under pressure from Congress, the agencies dropped the effort. Obamacare requires that all restaurants and cinemas post the number of calories in their foods. The Food and Drug Administration proposed a rule for menus in 2011, but has yet to finalise the regulation. Cities and states are more likely to act than Congress (hardly a high bar) , but they face their own challenges. Last year the beverage lobby spent more than $2.8m to defeat a soda tax in the small city of Richmond, California. Even Mr Bloomberg, the anti-obesity crusade's most fervent warrior, can only do so much.

At the beginning of the century, medical scientists made a surprising discovery: that we are (1)_____ not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were able to (2)_____ that we all have an internal "body clock" which (3)_____ the rise and fall of our body energies, making us different from one day to the (5)_____. These forces became known as biorhythms: they create the (5)_____ in our everyday life. The (6)_____ of an internal "body clock" should not be too surprising, (7)_____ the lives of most living things are dominated by the 24-hour night-and-day cycle. The most obvious (8)_____ of this cycle is the (9)_____ we feel tired and fall asleep at night and become awake and (10)_____ during the day. (11)_____ the 24-hour rhythm is interrupted, most people experience unpleasant side effects. (12)_____, international aeroplane travelers often experience "jet lag" when traveling across time (13)_____. People who are not used to (14)_____ work can find that lack of sleep affects their work performance. (15)_____ the daily rhythm of sleeping and waking, we also have other rhythms which (16)_____.longer than one day and which influence wide areas of our lives. Most of us would agree that we feel good on (17)_____ days and net so good on others. Sometimes we are (18)_____ fingers and thumbs but on other days we have excellent coordination. There are times when we appear to be accident-prone, or when our temper seems to be on a short fuse. Isn"t it also strange (19)_____ ideas seem to flow on some days but at other times are (20)_____ nonexistent? Musicians, painters and writers often talk about "dry spells".

You have received a letter from Sophia. She expressed her admiration for micro-blogging and wondered whether it can replace books as the main learning resources. Write a reply letter to explain your opinions. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

Eating better and more adventurously is becoming an obsession, especially among people with money to spend. Healthier eating and not-so healthy eating—as well as the number and variety of food choices and venues continue to increase at an ever-quickening pace. Globalization is the master trend that will drive the world of food in the years a head. Consumers traveling the globe, both virtually and in reality, will be able to sweep up ingredients, packaged foods, recipes, and cooking techniques from every corner of the earth at an ever-intensifying and accelerating pace. Formerly remote ingredients and cooking styles are creating a whole new culinary mosaic as they are transplanted and reinterpreted all over the world. Many factors are behind this, but none more so than the influence of the great international hotel chains. Virtually every chef who has worked for Hilton, Westin, Peninsula, or any other major chain gathers global experience in locales as diverse as Singapore, New Orleans, Toronto, and Dubai. At each stop, they carry away cooking ideas and techniques they can and do use elsewhere. This trend will gain even greater momentum as ambitious young adults stake their own futures on internationalization, treating broader food savvy as an important aspect of their own advancement. Young people will need knowledge of food and ingredients from different continents and cultures as one aspect of socialization, enculturation, cultural exchange, and success. In country after country, there seems little doubt that global cuisine will make its biggest inroads among the younger set. Many in the generations now coming of age will treat world-ranging food knowledge and experience as key elements in furthering their personal plans, business acumen, and individual growth. The Internet has made global contacts a matter of routine. Computer networking will permit chefs and others in the food industry, including consumers, to link directly with the best available authorities in faraway nations, supplementing or bypassing secondhand sources of information altogether. Time, with all its implications, will also be a factor in emerging world food trends. More and more of us are destined to operate on global time—that is, at full tilt 24 hours a day. This will become the norm for companies with resources scattered all over the planet. Beyond the 24 hour supermarkets many of us already take for granted, there will also be three-shift shopping centers open at any hour. Restaurants in the great business capitals intent on cultivating an international clientele will serve midnight breakfasts or break-of-dawn dinners (with the appropriate wines) without raising a single eyebrow.

Write on the following topic: Fast Food You are to write in three paragraphs according to the topic sentences of each paragraph given below. 1. Fast food is very popular nowadays. 2. People like to buy fast food because it saves them time. 3. But fast food has less nutritive value than homemade dishes. You should write about 160-200 words neatly.

影响测试有效性的因素 ——1995年英译汉及详解 The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in congress.【F1】 The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user. All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records.【F2】 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.【F3】 Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. 【F4】 In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do.【F5】 For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

One key answer to the problem of finding and keeping customers—and turning their good will into sales—is having good customer relationship management (CRM). CRM"s goal is to create a cooperation among sales, marketing, and customer-service activities within an organization in order to obtain and retain customers. CRM on the Internet—e-CRM—uses Web technology to create such a cooperation. E-CRM means different things to different companies. Some enter e-CRM through traditional contact-management and sales-force automation software from such vendors as Gold Mine Software Corp. or Interact Commerce Corp. Many companies see e-CRM as a natural extension of their call centers. In an ideal system, historical information, such as customers" buying preferences, or circumstantial information, such as customer-contract volumes, can launch actions and data screens. Finally, companies with corporate enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems see e-CRM as a natural part of computer-facilitated management. You don"t need to begin on a grand scale; you can take small steps toward a comprehensive e-CRM system with experienced contact management companies such as Commence Corp. Gold Mine Software Corp., Interact Commerce Corp., and Multiactive Software. GoldMine 5.0 is aimed at teams of 1 to 50 users who want to track, refer, and act on telephone and e-mail contacts from customers. The users needn"t reside on a local network to coordinate an action. All each user needs is an IP address. Gold Mine Front Office offers templates for specific industries; these define roles and relationships and include rules for workflow processes. Similarly, Interact Commerce Corp. has a multi-layer product family, including ACT2000 and SalesLogix2000. Each can integrate the activities of sales, marketing, and support teams. Smaller organizations can also take advantage of the services of dot-com companies such as salesforce.com and UpShot.com, which focus primarily on sales-force automation. These companies will put your basic e-CRM services online for under $50 per user per month. On the downside, you don"t get much customization or integration. Some e-CRM companies have fewer options, and often concentrate on vertical markets. Janna Systems, for example, specializes in e-CRM solutions for the financial services industry. Some companies, such as eGain Communications Corp. and Talisma Corp. specialize in e-mail based CRM and offer both hosted and online services. Socrates Technologies Corp. takes the online ASP approach and offers the SalesLogix2000 suite on the Web along with other e-business applications.

At last weekend"s consumer-electronics show in Las Vegas, digital convergence arrived with a vengeance. Among the avalanche of new products were lots of mobile phones. Those fitted with digital cameras and camcorders are hardly new, but they now take even better pictures. Others can be used to play three-dimensional video games. Download movies, watch live TV (and record it during an incoming call), operate home-security systems and listen to music files downloaded from the internet. More marvels are on the way. In the midst of this frenzy of new and unfamiliar gizmos, product features would seem to count for everything. But companies in the hypercompetitive electronics industry are discovering something unexpected, and curious: brands matter almost as much as dazzling new technology. One of the clearest demonstrations of this is South Korea"s Samsung Electronics, which made a big splash this year in Las Vegas. Samsung was once best known for making things like cheap microwave ovens. In the past few years it has transformed itself into one of the "coolest" brands around, and is successfully selling stylish flat-screen TVs digital cameras and mobile phones. After a record-breaking year, it is poised to overtake Motorola as the world"s second-biggest maker of mobile phones. And it is snapping at the heels of Japan"s Sony for leadership in the consumer-electronics business. This would have seemed inconceivable a decade ago. But Samsung has proved that a combination of clever brand-building and well-designed, innovative products can work miracles. In such a competitive market, a brand without good products will quickly fade. But the real surprise is that the opposite is also true. The market is crowded with firms with a few snazzy products, but week brands. To thrive and grow on the scale Samsung has achieved requires a strong brand, as well as innovative products. Years ago, when products did not change much and companies largely stuck to their knitting, American and European consumers faithfully bought cameras from Kodak, televisions from RCA and radios from Bush, because those brands represented a guarantee of quality. Then the Japanese got better at what they made. Now the South Koreans are doing the same. And yet with many American and European electronics companies making their gadgets in the same places, even sometimes the same factories, as their Asian competitors, the geography of production has become less important. Many consumers are now looking for a guide through a bewildering array of choices. A strong brand offers such guidance.

A Letter of Application for Study Write a letter of about 100 words based on the following situation: You want to apply for admission to Washington University, but you can't get all your materials ready before the stated deadline. Write a letter with your application materials to explain and to earn a chance for yourself. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

Over the last 20 years, energy systems and services have expanded. California now meets its energy needs using a variety of sources from traditional fossil fuels and nuclear technologies to renewable energy resources, such as wind, solar, geothermal and biomass. Technological advances and government standards and programs have resulted in increased energy efficiency, more product and service options and a cleaner environment. Deregulation has promoted competition in energy commodities such as oil, natural gas and, now, electricity. In the near term, the most dramatic changes in the energy sector are taking place in the electricity industry. As a result of Assembly Bill 1890 (Chapter 854, Statutes of 1996), many Californians will have the opportunity to choose their electricity provider as of April 1, 1998. By January 1, 1999, they will also be able to shop for other electric services, such as metering options. (46) Because of these changes, this California Energy Plan emphasizes the new competition in electricity generation, in contrast to the discussion of issues in the petroleum and natural gas sectors. However future state energy policy may emphasize other sectors. Competitive Energy Markets. California"s energy oversight agencies must facilitate competition to ensure that the promise of lower prices and more value-added services are realized. (47) This can be achieved through adoption and enforcement of fair, clear and effective market rules and by ensuring that consumers are provided with sufficient information to make informed energy-related decisions. Government must also reduce unnecessary barriers to market entry and streamline the licensing process for electric generation facilities. Economic Expansion. California has one of the largest economies in the world. (48) Consequently, California"s economy must be robust in the face of uncertainty, providing for economic growth in conjunction with environmental protection for today and for future generations. Maintaining the energy needs of today"s economy requires vast quantities of reliable energy at reasonable prices. To maintain or expand California"s excellence as a world class economy requires technological advancements that enhance productivity and improve the environment. In the energy industry, technological advancement must focus on increasing, demand and supply side efficiencies, improving the environment by creating cleaner energy conversion technologies at all levels of energy production and end use, and satisfying California"s mobility requirements through diverse transportation technologies that increase fuel economy, take advantage of cleaner fuels and expand transportation options. (49) Advancements in-these areas, among others, will make California a global leader in the world marketplace for energy technologies while benefiting all Californians. Public Interest. Competition does not provide all the answers to California"s needs. Unlike certain commodities, energy is essential for the health and safety of all Californians. Thus, the state must ensure that the energy infrastructure is safe, clean and reliable. The public interest also demands that energy be available for home, work, recreation and transportation. (50) Communities can help meet these public interest demands through efficient land use designs that reduce total energy demand and the adverse environmental impacts of energy use. California"s energy oversight agencies must continue to work together to avoid, where possible, disruptions to the state"s energy supplies and to minimize any adverse impacts.

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) In 1959 the average American family paid $989 for a year"s supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible? Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer"s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31 percent more than the farmer had received in 1959. (41)______. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. (42)______. Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlemen received $790, which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen"s profit has increased more than farmer"s. But some economists claim that the middlemen"s actual profit was very low. According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one percent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 percent. By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices. (43)______. Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several "TV dinners" are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. (44)______. Economists remind us that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day"s work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family"s table easily and quickly. It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs. (45)______.A. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.B. However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment.C. Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don"t want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.D. "If the housewife wants all of these," the economists say, "that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier."E. They are among the "middlemen" who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?F. Thus, as economists point out, "Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor"s plant."G. But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices.

Now you are working as an editor in a TV station. You are planning to hold a con test—Foreigners Sing Chinese Songs. Write an announcement, in which you brief the e vent, state the relevant requirement(s), and make an invitation. Write your announcement with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

BSection III Writing/B

Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about network etiquette. Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbered paragraph. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you don"t need to use. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter. (41)______. Animals have a few cries that serve as signals, but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that in this respect picture language preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to show in which direction he had gone, or what prey he hoped to catch. (42)______. Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. (43)______. (44)______.These inventions and discoveries—fire, speech, weapons domestic animals, agriculture, and writing made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B.C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Indus, but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greatest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time. (45)______.A. Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.B. Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.C. With the development of civilization, primitive people who lived in caves at that time badly needed a language, which would help them to communicate with one another.D. The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually.E. In fact, there was progress—there were even two inventions of very great importance, namely, gunpowder and the mariner"s compass—but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.F. These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.G. But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.

Video games get a bad press . Many are unquestionably violent and, as has been the way with new media from novels to comic books to television, they have been accused of corrupting the moral fabric of youth. Nor are such accusations without merit. There is a body of research suggesting that violent games can lead to aggressive thoughts, if not to violence itself. But not all games are shoot-them-ups, and what is less examined is whether those that reward more constructive behavior also have lingering impacts. That, however, is starting to change. Two studies showing that video games have a bright side as well as a dark one have been carried out recently. One, to be published in June by the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, was conducted by Douglas Gentile, of Iowa State University"s media research laboratory. He and his colleagues tested the effects of playing so-called "pro-social" games on children and young adults in three countries. A group of 161 American students played one of six games for 20 minutes. Some were given "Ty2" or "Crash Twinsanity", both of which involve cartoonish fighting and destruction. Others were assigned "Chibi-Robo!", which involves helping characters in the game by doing their chores, or "Super Mario Sunshine", in which players clean up pollution and graffiti. A third group, acting as a control, played "Pure Pinball" or "Super Monkey Ball Deluxe", both of which involve guiding a ball through mazes. Their games over, the participants were asked to choose 11 of 30 easy, medium or hard shape-based puzzles for a partner to complete, and told that their partner would receive a $10 gift voucher if he could complete ten of them. Those who had been playing pro-social games were significantly more likely to help their partner by selecting easy puzzles. The opposite was true for those assigned violent games. The other parts of Dr Gentile"s study looked at established behavior. In one, a group of 680 Singaporeans aged 12-14 were asked to list their three favorite games and state the number of hours they played. They were then given questionnaires, the answers to which suggested that those who spent the longest playing games which involved helping others were most likely to help, share, co-operate and empathize with others. They also had lower scores in tests for hostile thoughts and the acceptance of violence as normal. In the second, Japanese aged 10-17 were asked how much time they spent playing games in which the main character helps others. When questioned three to four months later, those who played these types of games the most were also rated as more helpful to those around them in real life.

You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)