BPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D./B

Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals (1)_____ they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans (2)_____ a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating (3)_____ of a disease or (4)_____ the condition of a wound. (5)_____ there was so much that primitive humans did not (6)_____ the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of heath (7)_____ Therefore it is not (8)_____ that early humans thought that illness was caused (9)_____ evil spirit. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to (10)_____ harmful spirit from a diseased body. One of the earliest (11)_____ in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and (12)_____ of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. The writing (13)_____ to him has provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous (14)_____, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics. Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from a (15)_____ of the natural science and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this (16)_____ thesis, On Air, Water, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human well-being is (17)_____ by the totality of environmental (18)_____: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and food. (19)_____ enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are (20)_____ very much written in twentieth century.

The realization that colds can kill has renewed interest in finding vaccines and treatments. The trouble is that the common cold is caused not by one virus but by hundreds of different ones. This means a vaccine or drug that works against one of these viruses, or one family of viruses, is usually ineffective against all the others. What"s more, because colds are usually so mild, if treatmentscause even minor side effects they can be worse than the disease. Such treatments will never get approval for general use, which is why most companies instead focus on drugs that relieve symptoms. Nevertheless, some drugs and vaccines are being developed against the cold viruses most likely to turn nasty.A vaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), a virus which can cause serious illness in young children and the elderly, is going through clinical trials. It consists of a weakened strain of the virus given as a nasal spray. A treatment for RSV infections, based on RNA interference, is also in development. However, treatments for specific viruses are useless unless your cold is caused by the virus in question—and doctors have no quick way to work out which virus is to blame for a cold. Systems to do this are under development, mostly based on looking for specific DNA or RNA sequences, but none are near to reaching the market. An alternative approach would be to keep taking drugs that prevent infection throughout the cold season, such as a derivative of the anti-smallpox drug cidofovir which has been shown to combat adenoviruses, viruses that can cause upper respiratory infections. But again, as adenoviruses are only responsible for a few percent of colds, the benefits hardly justify the expense and risk of side effects from remaining on a drug permanently. Short of everyone on the planet isolating themselves for two or three weeks, so existing cold viruses run out of hosts and die out, it is hard to see how we can ever defeat the common cold. Even then, new cold viruses would evolve in time from animal viruses. Some even question whether it is desirable to try to eliminate colds. "It"s blind speculation," says Joel Weinstock of Tufts University in Boston in the US, "but the common cold may protect us from more serious viruses." An occasional sniffle might be a price worth paying if it keeps our immune defenses primed.

Almost exactly a year ago, in a small village in Northern India, Andrea Milliner was bitten on the leg by a dog. "It must have (1)_____ your nice white flesh", joked the doctor (2)_____ he dressed the wound. Andrea and her husband Nigel were determined not to let it (3)_____ their holiday, and thought no more (4)_____ the dog, which had meanwhile quietly disappeared (5)_____ the village. "We didn"t realize there was (6)_____ wrong with it," says Nigel. "It was such a small, (7)_____ dog that rabies didn"t (8)_____ my mind". But, six weeks later,23-year-old Andrea was dead. The dog had been rabid. No one had thought it necessary to (9)_____ her anti-rabies treatment. When, back home in England, she began to show the classic (10)_____—unable to drink, catching her breath—her own doctor put it (11)_____ to hysteria. Even when she was (12)_____ into an ambulance, hallucinating, recoiling in (13)_____ at the sight of water, she was directed (14)_____ the nearest mental hospital. But if her symptoms (15)_____ little attention in life, in death (16)_____ achieved a publicity close to hysteria. Cases like Andrea are (17)_____, but rabies is still one of the most feared diseases known to man. The disease is (18)_____ by a bite of a lick from an (19)_____ animal. It can, in very exceptional circumstances, be inhaled—two scientists died of it after (20)_____ bat dung in a cave in Texas.

Timothy Berners-Lee might be giving Bill Gates a run for the money, but he passed up his shot at fabulous wealth—intentionally—in 1990.【F1】 That"s when he decided not to patent the technology used to create the most important software innovation in the final decade of the 20th century: the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee wanted to make the world a richer place, not a mass personal wealth. So he gave his brainchild to us all. Berners-Lee regards today"s Web as a rebellious adolescent that can never fulfill his original expectations.【F2】 By 2005, he hopes to begin replacing it with the Semantic Web—a smart network that will finally understand human languages and make computers virtually as easy to work with as other humans. As envisioned by Berners-Lee, the new Web would understand not only the meaning of words and concepts but also the logical relationships among them. That has awesome potential. Most knowledge is built on two pillars: semantics and mathematics. In number-crunching, computers already outclass people.【F3】 Machines that are equally adroit at dealing with language and reason won"t just help people uncover new insights; they could blaze new trails on their own. 【F4】 Even with a fairly crude version of this future Web, mining online repositories for nuggets of knowledge would no longer force people to wade through screen after screen of extraneous data. Instead, computers would dispatch intelligent agents, or software messengers, to explore Web sites by the thousands and logically sift out just what"s relevant. That alone would provide a major boost in productivity at work and at home. But there" s far more. Software agents could also take on many routine business chores, such as helping manufacturers find and negotiate with lowest-cost parts suppliers and handling help-desk questions. The Semantic Web would also be a bottomless trove of eureka insights. Most inventions and scientific breakthroughs, including today"s Web, spring from novel combinations of existing knowledge. The Semantic Web would make it possible to evaluate more combinations overnight than a person could juggle in a lifetime. Sure scientists and other people can post ideas on the Web today for others to read. But with machines doing the reading and translating technical terms, related ideas from millions of Web pages could be distilled and summarized. That will lift the ability to assess and integrate information to new heights. The Semantic Web, Berners-Lee predicts, will help more people become more intuitive as well as more analytical.【F5】 It will foster global collaborations among people with diverse cultural perspectives, so we have a better chance of finding the right solutions to the really big issues—like the environment and climate warming.

With Japan"s welfare system buckling under the demands of an ageing society, the world"s oldest man apologized yesterday for his longevity. As Tomoji Tanabe, 111, received his certificate from Guinness World Records, the former engineer, who never touches alcohol, said that his feat of survival was nothing special. "I have been around too long," he joked, "I amsorry." Mr. Tanabe added his customary explanation of how he has managed to reach such a ripe old age: "Not drinking alcohol is the best formula for keeping myself healthy," he said. Other residents of his village attributed Mr. Tanabe"s long life to a diet that consists chiefly of vegetables and very little fried food. His explanation fuels a continuing mystery about the ideal formula for longevity—as each new holder of the title is crowned, each attributes his or her success to diets, lifestyles and habits that differ widely. Some have said that fresh air is the key, others have been heavy smokers. Some have taken vigorous exercise, others have sworn by periods of inactivity. The Mayor of Miyakonojo, the village where Mr. Tanabe lives with his family, presented the certificate to its famous resident after nearly five months of birthdate verification by the Guinness World Records team. Mr. Tanabe unofficially inherited the title when its previous record-holder, Emiliano Mer-cado del Toro, of Puerto Rico, died in January, aged 115.The crowning of Mr. Tanabe, who was born in the southern island of Kyushi in 1895, brings the desired "double trophy" back to Japan. Yone Minagawa, who lives in the same area, is 114 and holds the title of world"s oldest woman. Japan"s population of the centenarians is the largest in the world. Most of the 28,000 Japanese who have made it beyond 100 are women and the highest concentration of the very elderly is in the southern part. The area around Hiroshima and the island of Okinawa are especially rich in former "world"s oldest" title holders. The number of centenarians has risen 160-fold since records began in the 1960s. Although Japan is proud of its record-breaking longevity, the success of Mr. Tanabe comes as the country is running short of ideas for how to solve its ageing crisis. With the fertility rate still at record lows, government and private sector efforts to stimulate the birthrate have met with little success. As the number of children decreases, the future welfare burden for working-age Japanese may become intolerably large.

"On the Internet, nobody knows you"re a dog," read the title of a famous Peter Steiner cartoon, 【C1】______nowhere is it truer than Internet dating. The experience is by now familiar: the【C2】______ mate who seemed just your【C3】______ in a profile turns out to be a disappointment in person. There may be ways, however, to【C4】______a lying person before you find yourself 【C5】______from him or her at a table lit by candles. Researchers from Cornell University and the University of Wisconsin-Madison compared the【C6】______heights, weights, and ages of 78 Internet dating participants to their profiles on four dating websites. They noticed several【C7】______from people who were less than【C8】______. For example, they were less likely to【C9】______to themselves as "I"; used indirect expressions, 【C10】______"not boring" instead of "exciting" to describe themselves; and stuck to【C11】______descriptions. "People do this because they want to【C12】______themselves from their misleading statements," explained Catalina Toma, an author of the study, in a statement. Using these indications, the researchers【C13】______ identified liars about 65 percent of the time. People lied most frequently about their【C14】______, with women slimming down, on average, by 8.5 pounds, and men by 1.5 pounds. At least half the subjects【C15】______ their height, and nearly 20 percent changed their age. Despite the【C16】______of lies, volunteers proved【C17】______at catching them. Fortunately, Toma and the team"s research【C18】______up the possibility of a software that could【C19】______lies for you, though Internet dating participants should be careful what they wish for—nearly everyone in the study lied in some【C20】______way.

No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?" At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture , which deserves an outlet. "The test of any democratic society," he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats." Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting. Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the "balanced struggle" between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. "Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited," says Luce. "I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this."

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Anyone paying attention to the debate over Social Security has heard a litany of dates. There"s 2018, when the program is expected to start taking in less in taxes than it pays out in benefits. And there"s 2042 (or 2052 by some estimates), when its trust fund is supposed to run out of money. (41)______. For years, the government has collected more in Social Security taxes than it needed to pay current benefits. Those excess collections are credited to the Social Security Trust Fund, ostensibly to pay future retirees. But there is no actual money in the fund. Instead, the government spends the money for other purposes and issues the fund IOUs. In 2009, the shell game begins to end. The amount by which Social Security taxes exceed benefits starts to shrink. (42)______. The problem could have been avoided, and it still could be reduced. If the rest of the budget was in good shape—and particularly if the government bad staved on the path it was on five years ago of buying down the national debt—lawmakers could simply re-borrow the money to pay benefits. They could have a leisurely debate over what, if anything, else to do. (43)______. This raises a question: If the biggest immediate problem of Social Security is that it will soon make the deficit worse, wouldn"t it be better to address the underlying deficit? In other words—as the Bush administration embarks on a 60 day, 60 stop tour to promote Social Security overhaul—are we really debating the right problem? (44)______. The money that has been borrowed, or is projected to be borrowed, in Fresident Bush"s two terms alone would come close to solving Social Security"s solvency problems for at least the next 75 years. The Office of Management and Budget projects cumulative borrowing of $2.6 trillion. The Social Security Administration estimates that $3.7 trillion would shore up the program until at least 2080. (45)______. Exploding Medicare and Medicaid costs, the loss of revenue because of the recent tax cuts and likely changes in the alternative minimum tax (AMT) present a bleak outlook over the next 10 years. Making the Bush tax cuts permanent and fixing the AMT could lead to deficits of about $650 billion to $750 billion by the middle of the next decade.A. By 2018—sooner, if private accounts are created—the flow reverses. Instead of spending a surplus, the government will need to begin paying off its IOUs. Absent large tax hikes or spending cuts, already astronomical deficits will skyrocket.B. The bottom line is that Washington, through profligate borrowing and policies that lock in red ink for years to come, is passing the burden to future generations. And the problem is getting worse.C. But the most important date will arrive sooner in 2009. That"s when the cost of paying benefits to the first wave of retiring baby boomers will begin exposing the accounting gimmickry that is the true driver of the Social Security "crisis". To the extent a crisis exists, it is not really about Social Security. It is about decades of irresponsible budgeting that threatens future retirees.D. As bad as the current record deficits look ($427 billion this year alone), they likely will get worse in the next decade as the result of fiscal time bombs hard-wired into government spending and tax plans.E. Left unchecked, chronic deficits will more than offset any good that comes out of Social Security reform. Deficits make the government more beholden to its creditors, many of them foreign. As the national debt surges, so does the portion of the budget dedicated to paying interest on that debt.F. But that is not an option given the dire budgetary situation. Social Security will soon become a drain on a government already under tremendous fiscal stress. It"s the difference between having a zero balance on your credit card and being at your credit limit. If you"re maxed out, you lose the flexibility to take on new debt to deal with an expense.G. This is not to say Social Security reform—with or without the private accounts proposed by Bush—is not worthwhile. But it is only one of many necessary steps to put the nation on a sound fiscal footing and ensure that future generations will have a reasonably comfortable retirement.

Television—the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth—is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary (1)_____ and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the (2)_____ of television and computer technologies. The word "television", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can (3)_____ be interpreted as sight from distance. Very simply (4)_____, it works in this (5)_____: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of (6)_____ an image (focused on a special photo-conductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire of cable. These impulses, when fed into a (7)_____ (television set), can then be electronically (8)_____ into that same image. Television is (9)_____ just an electronic system, (10)_____. It is a means of expression, as well as a (11)_____ for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. The field of television can be divided into two (12)_____ determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television (13)_____. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or (14)_____ interest groups through controlled transmission techniques. Traditionally, television has been a (15)_____ of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television (16)_____ it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks. ABC, NBC and CBS, who have been the (17)_____ purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of (18)_____ have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to (19)_____ the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this (20)_____ medium as the passive viewer.

BSection III Writing/B

sooner or later

Let'sBeReadytoHelpOthers!Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

It is hard to make money peddling social media anywhere. During their first few years in business, Facebook and Twitter lost pots of money. Yet somehow Tencent, an innovative Chinese firm that released the WeChat app in 2011, seems to have cracked the code. Alicia Yap of Barclays, an investment bank, forecasts that WeChat will earn some 6.8 billion yuan ($1.1 billion) this year and 9.6 billion yuan next year. The reasons for optimism include clever integration of the app with other money-making services and spectacular growth in users at home and, unusually for a Chinese app, abroad. WeChat started off as a messaging service, similar to America's WhatsApp, but it has grown rapidly into much more. In recent months, Tencent has integrated online-payment functions into it. Customers can do their banking through it and a wealth-management service has just been launched. It is also promoting e-commerce: during a recent sale held exclusively on WeChat, Xiaomi, China's hottest smartphone-maker, is said to have sold 150,000 of its latest model in under ten minutes. Most internet companies that make money do so by selling online ads, but Tencent makes most of its money selling customers virtual goods. About 85% of the money Tencent will make this year from the app will come from gaming. Tencent says that WeChat has 270m active users, including tens of millions overseas. Their number and enthusiasm matter a lot to marketers. At the moment, Tencent allows companies to send occasional, targeted messages to some users without charge. Mark Natkin of Marbridge, a consultancy, says that in future it might ask for a fee. The biggest unknown about WeChat is whether the app can become a global blockbuster like Twitter or Facebook. Mr. Natkin points out that the app will lose one of its most attractive features outside the country. WeChat usage exploded in part because it integrates a user's address book from Tencent's QQ, an old-fashioned instant-messaging service that has over 800m registered users, though few outside China. WeChat is already used in South-East Asia, Russia and India. The app is available in the Japanese and Korean languages, but strong local rivals already exist in those markets. America and Europe will be harder to crack. To succeed there, it must beat WhatsApp and other rivals.

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

Culture influences an individual's health beliefs, behaviours, activities and medical treatment outcomes.【C1】______the significant influence of culture upon health and related outcomes, health care【C2】______should be culturally competent in order to provide【C3】______health care to patients. Cultural competency means considering many options and being more careful about making judgements.【C4】______, scars and bruises that suggest abuse in western culture could【C5】______be symbols of accepted healing methods or sacred rituals.【C6】______, different parts of the body are considered sacred in different cultures. Cultural competency in healthcare【C7】______four major challenges for providers. The first is the straightforward challenge of recognizing clinical【C8】______among people of different ethnic and racial groups, e.g., higher【C9】______of hypertension in African Americans and【C10】______diabetes in certain Native American groups. The second, and far more complicated, challenge is【C11】______. This deals with everything from the need for interpreters to nuances of words in various languages. Many patients, even in western cultures, are【C12】______to talk with their doctors about【C13】______personal matters as sexual activity or chemical use. How do we overcome this【C14】______among more restricted cultures? The third challenge is ethics.【C15】______western medicine is among the best in the world, we do not have all the【C16】______. Respect for the belief systems of【C17】______and the effects of those beliefs on well-being are critically important to competent care. The final challenge involves【C18】______. For some patients, authority figures are immediately mistrusted,【C19】______for good reason. Having seen or been victims of atrocities at the hands of authorities in their homelands, many people are as【C20】______of caregivers themselves as they are of the care.

Alison Preston of the University of Texas at Austin"s Center for Learning and Memory explains: A short-term memory"s conversion to a long-term memory requires changes within the brain that protect the memory from interference from competing stimuli or disruption from injury or disease. This time-dependent process of stabilization, whereby our experiences achieve a permanent record in our memory, is referred to as "consolidation". Memory consolidation can occur at many organizational levels in the brain. The cellular and molecular portions of memory consolidation typically take place within the first minutes or hours of learning and result in changes to neurons(nerve cells)or sets of neurons. Systems-level consolidation, involving the reorganization of brain networks that handle the processing of individual memories can then happen on a much slower time frame of days or even years. The consolidation process that affects declarative memories-recollections of general facts and specific events—relies on the function of some specific structures in the brain. At the cellular level, memory is expressed as changes to the structure and function of neurons. For example, new synapses —the connections between neurons through which they exchange information—can form to allow for communication between new networks of neurons. Alternatively, existing synapses can be strengthened to allow for increased sensitivity in the communication between two neurons. Consolidating such synaptic changes requires the synthesis of new RNA and proteins in the structures, which transform temporary alterations in synaptic transmission into persistent modifications of synaptic architecture. With time, the brain systems also change. Initially, the specific structure works in concert with sensory-processing regions distributed in the neo-cortex(the outermost layer of the brain)to form the new memories. Within the neo-cortex, representations of the elements that constitute an event in our life are distributed across multiple brain regions according to their content. When a memory is first formed, the specific structure rapidly combines this distributed information into a single memory, thus acting as an index of representations in the sensory-processing regions. As time passes, cellular and molecular changes allow for the strengthening of direct connections among the neocortical regions, enabling access to the memory independent of the structure. Thus, while damage to the structure from injury or particular disorder hampers the ability to form new declarative memories, such a disruption may not impair memories for facts and events that have already been consolidated. Thus, an amnesiac with hippocampal damage would not be able to learn the names of current presidential candidates but would be able to recall the identity of our 16th president.

Using a computer or smartphone at night can cause us to【C1】______on the pounds, new research has revealed. The study found a link between blue light【C2】______—blue light is【C3】______by smartphones and tablets—and increased hunger. It found that exposure【C4】______the light increases hunger levels for several hours and even increases hunger levels【C5】______eating a meal. Results of the US study show that blue-enriched light exposure, compared with【C6】______light exposure, was【C7】______with an increase in hunger that began 15 minutes after light onset and was still【C8】______almost two hours after the meal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased【C9】______in the evening increasing the risk of insomnia. Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of Northwestern University, in Chicago, said: "A single three-hour expo sure to blue-enriched light in the evening【C10】______impacted hunger and glucose metabolism. " "These results are important because they suggest that【C11】______environmental light exposure for humans may represent a novel【C12】______of influencing food【C13】______patterns and metabolism." The study group【C14】______10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received【C15】______carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed a four-day trial【C16】______dim light conditions, 【C17】______involved exposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours【C18】______and less than three lux during eight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux, blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects were compared with dim light exposure on day two. Ms Cheung said more research is needed to determine the【C19】______of action【C20】______in the relationship between light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

More Americans are cohabiting-living together out of wedlock—than ever. Some exports applaud the practice, but others warn playing house does not always lead to marital bliss. At one time in America, living together out of wedlock was scandalous. Unmarried spouses who "shacked up" were said to be "living in sin". Indeed, cohabitation was illegal throughout the country until about 1970. Today, statistics tell a different tale. The number of unwed couples living together has risen to a new high—more than 4.1 million as of March 1997, according to the Census Bureau. That figure was up from 3.96 million couples the previous year and represents a quantum leap from the 430,000 cohabiting couples counted in 1960. The bureau found" that cohabiting is most prevailing in the 24—35 age group, accounting for 1.6 million such couples. Cohabitants claim they live together primarily to solidify their love and commitment to each other. Most intend to marry; only 13% of cohabitants do not anticipate legalizing their relationship. But the reality from many couples is different: Moving in does not lead to "happily ever after." Forty percent of cohabitants never make it to the altar. Of the 60% who do marry, more than half divorce within 10 years (compared with 30% of married couples who did not live together first). Cohabiting partners are more unfaithful and fight more often than married couples, according to research by the Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society. Other studies have come to equally similar conclusions. Still, experts predict the number of cohabiting couples is likely to increase. As the offspring of the baby boomer come of age, they are inclined to defer marriages, as did their parents. This will lead to more cohabitation and nontraditional families. Until people unearth that living together has pitfalls, it won"t wane in popularity. Cohabiting has been portrayed with "careful neutrality" in the media, and Hollywood celebrities who move in and out of each other"s homes set the standard. But Warren Farrell, the San Diego-based author of Why Men Are the Way They Are, argues that living together is a good idea for a short period. "To make the jump from dating, when we put our best foot forward, to being married"—without showing each other the "shadow side of ourselves"—is to treat marriage frivolously, he says.