HowtoMeasureanExcellentPerson?Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.
It was the biggest scientific grudge match since the space race. The Genome Wars had everything: two groups with appealing leaders ready to fight in a scientific dead heat, pushing the limits of technology and rhetoric as they battled to become the first to read every last one of the 3 billion DNA "letters" in the human body.【F1】
The scientific importance of the work is unquestionable, the completed DNA sequence is expected to give scientists unprecedented insights into the workings of the human body, revolutionizing medicine and biology.
But the race itself, between the government"s Human Genome Project and Rockville, Md., biotechnology company Celera Genomics, was at least partly symbolic, the public/private conflict played out in a genetic lab.
Now the race is over. After years of public attacks and several failed attempts at reconciliation, the two sides are taking a step toward a period of calm. HGP head Francis Collins(and Ari Patrinos of the Department of Energy, an important ally on the government side)and Craig Venter, the founder of Celera, agreed to hold a joint press conference in Washington this Monday to declare that the race was over(sort of), that both sides had won(kind of)and that the hostilities were resolved(for the time being).
No one is exactly sure how things will be different now.【F2】
Neither side will be turning off its sequencing machines any time soon—the "finish lines" each has crossed are largely arbitrary points, "first drafts" rather than the definitive version.
【F3】
And while the joint announcement brings the former Genome Warriors closer together than they"ve been in years, insiders say that future agreements are more likely to take the form of coordination, rather than outright collaboration.
The conflict blew up this February when Britain"s Wellcome Trust, an HGP participant, released a confidential letter to Celera outlining the HGP"s complaints. Venter called the move "a lowlife thing to do." But by spring, there were the first signs of a thaw. "The attacks and nastiness are bad for science and our investors," Venter told Newsweek in March, "and fighting back is probably not helpful."【F4】
At a cancer meeting earlier this month, Venter and Collins praised each other"s approaches, and expressed hope that all of the scientists involved in sequencing the human genome would be able to share the credit.
By late last week, that hope was becoming a reality as details for Monday"s joint announcement were hammered out. Scientists in both camps welcomed an end to the hostilities. "If this ends the horse race, science wins."【F5】
With their difference behind them, or at least set aside, the scientists should now be able to get down to the interesting stuff: figuring how to make use of all that data.
There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference.
BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A—H. The second, fifth and the last paragraphs have been placed for you.A. Look and listen and think about what the other person says, how they say it and what they do. Be aware of yourself as well If you recognize a pause in the wrong place or a phrasing that implies weakness then immediately look for a way to counter the impression produced. The game is not lost until the encounter is over. Many of these signals do not require a deep study of psychology. They require awareness, some common sense to recognize meaning and a readiness to do something about the signals that are sent and received.B. Recognition of body language also helps to understand our own feelings. If we feel irritated by someone, could it be because they are leaning back in their chair, with head slightly tilted back (looking down their noses at us), perhaps with hands together making a shape like a church steeple, or with hands behind their head? We may both be standing up and the other person is holding their jacket lapels, waggling their thumbs at us. These are all gestures of superiority and might explain our annoyance. Understanding this, we may be able to handle it better.C. If we can interpret this involuntary commentary then our negotiating position will be stronger. We could recognize a lie, whether our arguments were being accepted or whether the other party was unreceptive and adjust our behaviour accordingly.D. Many studies claim to show that over 50 percent of the messages we convey are through gesture, expression and posture. This is in addition to the messages conveyed through tone of voice. Whether it be banging the table with our fists, directing an angry stare or looking puzzled, it is hard to deny the importance of this side of communication. The astute dealer is always alive to body language but don"t concentrate so much on it that you don"t pay attention to what is actually said.E. Signals don"t appear singly but in clusters of several that reinforce each other. Don"t rely upon just one gesture that may be misinterpreted but take the wider evidence available. We frequently say things we don"t mean and mean things we don"t say. How easy it is to imply things we don"t mean! Interpretation of the "sub-text" of communication is inaccurate. Don"t rely upon what you think is going on under the surface without checking you interpretation.F. Some expressions and gestures are particular to specific cultures, while others are common to the entire human race, such as smiling or the bared teeth of anger. A smile can be faked, it can mask anger and aggression. However, the way we stand and what we do with our hands is harder to control. There is another layer of body signals, of greater subtlety, such as the narrowing of eyes, the shape of the smile and even the contraction of the pupils of the eye, which may also betray the real feelings of the smiling negotiator. Most of those gestures are universal.G. Typically, someone who is lying will avoid your eye and may look downwards. They may touch their faces around the mouth and have the palms of their hands hidden from you. The other party may adopt a tone of voice of great sincerity and look you steadily in the eye in order to reinforce the deception of their words. If you look away from that gaze you may see signals they are unable to control, which give the game away.H. We all recognize a lot unconsciously, which is how we get a feeling that someone is lying or that they are bored. In lying, people"s expressions, postures and gestures convey contrary messages to their words and we intuitively recognize the disparity. To negotiate more effectively, be sensitive to these signals, whether by paying more attention to your feelings or by consciously observing and thinking about the gestures and expressions we see.Order: A is the second paragraph, H is the fifth and B is the last.
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) The world has spent on preparations for war more than $112 billion a year, roughly $450 per head for every man, woman, and child in the world. Let us consider for a moment what could be done with this sum of money if it were spent on peace and not on war. (41)______. The rest should be spent in ways that will, at the same time, be of benefit to mankind and a solution to the economic problem of conversion from war industry to the expansion of peace industries. As to this expansion, let us begin with the most elementary of all needs, namely, food. (42)______. A very small part of what is now Being spent upon armaments would rectify our predicament(处境). Not only could the American surplus of grain, which was for many years uselessly destroyed, be spent in relief of famine, but, by irrigation, large regions, now desert, could be made fertile, and, by improvement in transport, distribution from regions of excess to regions of scarcity could be facilitated. Housing, even in the richest countries, is often disastrously inadequate. This could be remedied by a tiny fraction of what is being spent on missiles. (43)______. But it is not only greater expenditure that is needed in education. If the terror of war were removed, science could be devoted to improving human welfare, instead of to the invention of increasingly expensive methods of mutual slaughter. (44)______. By the help of modem techniques, the world could enter upon a period of happiness and prosperity far surpassing anything known in previous history. All this is possible. It requires only a different outlook on international affairs and a different state of mind toward those nations which are now regarded as enemies. This is possible, I repeat, but it cannot be done all at once. (45)______.A. There were many wars in the history 4hat wasted a lot of money.B. And schools would no longer think it a part of their duty to promote hatred of possible enemies by means of ignorance tempered by lies.C. At present, the majority of mankind suffers from undernourishment, and, in view of the population explosion, this situation is likely to grow worse in coming decades.D. Education is a very difficult problem now, and we should pay attention to it.E. Some of it, at any rate, in the more prosperous countries, could be spent on the reduction of taxation.F. To reverse the trend of affairs in the most powerful nations of the world is no light task and will require a difficult process of reeducation.G. Education everywhere, but especially in the newly liberated countries of Africa and Asia, demands an expenditure many times as great as that which it receives at present.
The long year of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing(定量供应) is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness arid confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect. The recent growth of export-surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests in North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britain"s overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this and home production has also risen. But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it. Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home -produced variety. And now grain prices too are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend. The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generation have seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956; but repeated ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1.describethedrawingbriefly,2.interpretitsintendedmeaning,andthen3.giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.
A person"s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) "【C1】______home". But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical【C2】______of cash and location on achieving that idea. Cash【C3】______, in fact, often means that the only way of 【C4】______when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things 【C5】______financially. There are obvious【C6】______of living at home—personal laundry is usually【C7】______done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to【C8】______. And there is【C9】______the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc. On the other hand, 【C10】______depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family—【C11】______do you like them? Are you prepared to be【C12】______ when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) 【C13】______, and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you【C14】______finding somewhere else to live? If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are【C15】______well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always a good【C16】______of information. If you are going to work in a【C17】______area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies,【C18】______these should be approached with caution. Agencies are allowed to【C19】______a fee, usually the【C20】______of the first week"s rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.
When it came to moral "reasoning," we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational, but ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without resolution. Time"s up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason can shape moral judgment, emotion is often decisive. Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brain scans of people as they ponder the so-called trolley problem. Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will die unless you pull a lever that diverts it onto another track—where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people say: minimizing the loss of life—a "utilitarian" goal, as philosophers put it—is the right thing to do. But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the track—a bystander whose body will bring the trolley to a halt before it hits the others. It"s still a one-for-five swap, and you still initiate the action that dooms the one—but now you are more directly involved; most peoplesay it would be wrong to do this deal.Why? According toGreene"s brain scans,the second scenario more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to emotion than does the lever-pulling scenario. Apparently the intuitive aversion to giving someone a deadly push is stronger than the aversion to a deadly lever pull. Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional aversion competes for control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second scenario the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lose, it is only after a tough wrestling match. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering a crying baby rather than catching the attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other innocents. Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should re-examine our moral intuitions and ask whether that logic merits respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the "selfish gene"—such as sympathy that moves toward kin and friends? Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could cheaply alleviate? Isn"t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support? Singer"s radically utilitarian brand of moral philosophy has its work cut out for it. In the absence of arduous cranial wrestling matches, reason may indeed be "slave of the passions."
In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.
When we compare men with animals, we must remember that a man is also an animal. But in making this comparison, it is sometimes more convenient to refer to the rest of the animal kingdom as "animals". 【R1】______ Many animals are intelligent in the sense that they can explore their surroundings or acquire new skills by learning from their parents. Animal organisms have organs whose physical power exceeds the power of men. The bodies of men have no wings and cannot fly. Men cannot imitate fish and spend long periods under water unless they carry breathing apparatus with them. 【R2】______But it is very uncommon for animals to go mad or destroy their own kind. Animals, left to themselves, do not disturb the balance of nature. They do not turn grassland into desert or make water undrinkable by filling whole lakes and rivers with waste materials. Compared with most other organisms—if we see him as a part of nature—man is wasteful and destructive. Though he is more intelligent than animals, he often uses his intelligence for strange purposes. 【R3】______This power is possessed by the rich businessman in Chicago and the poor, primitive Bushman of the Kalahari Desert in Africa. It may indeed show itself more obviously in the Bushman, whose environment does not provide him with security and whose entire food supply is acquired by facing new situations. It is a power which can be wasted or misused or be weakened through neglect. But it is a power which belongs to every human being. 【R4】______ Language gives depth to human communities in time. It enables one generation to hand on its experience to another, by means of stories, which are the origin of human history. It is only human beings who recognize a past and future, and who feel that they stand at a certain point in the development of their community. 【R5】______ This brings us to another aspect of human intelligence. Man is more adaptable than animals, but in the ages of civilization he has used this power in a special way. A few communities, like the African Bushman, still manage to survive in a primitive way. But other men wish to make their future more secure and try to find a way of doing this, which is typical of civilized communities. [A]We call this capacity intelligence. Its chief instrument or weapon is human language, a system of symbols(spoken or written)which enables men to communicate information and purpose, and see one situation in terms of another. The ability to use symbols is not possessed by animals, and it is a major aspect of human intelligence. [B]Like animals, men are adapted to a certain environment. They require food and water; they can digest only certain kinds of food. They require warmth; they can survive only within certain limits of temperature. [C]Man's sense of future leads him to provide for the future. He accumulates food, clothes, useful objects, raw materials, buildings, information and in modern times he accumulates money—the means of exchange and therefore an important means of power over other men. [D]Different from an animal, man is able to convert a natural environment into a human, social environment—an environment which represents the accumulated labor of many generations. [E]We cannot say that men are superior to animals. But they differ from animals in several important ways. And all these differences are really aspects of one and the same difference. This central difference is man's unusual mental flexibility, his ability to meet a new situation in a new way and his capacity to learn from his experience and the experience of others. [F]It is very doubtful whether men are "superior" to animals. It is true that their responses are more complex. [G]Man is concerned about his living environment. The discoveries of science and the inventions of technology have produced an environment which is almost equivalent to a second, outer shell of body and is adapted not only to local conditions but also to a very wide range of variations in climate, altitude and other features of the geographical surroundings.
Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news," noted one observer. 【F1】
Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper. The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience.
【F2】
The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.
Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. 【F3】
The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media.
That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.
Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, 【F4】
people have been keeping up with events in profoundly different ways, most strikingly among which is that ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news.
Twitter lets people anywhere, report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. 【F5】
And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents.
The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.
In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure.
BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B
In the end, a degree of sanity prevailed. The militant Hindus who had vowed to breach a police cordon and start the work of building a temple to the god Ram at the disputed site of Ayodhya decided to respect a Supreme Court decision barring them from the area. So charged have Hindu-Muslim relations in India become in recent weeks, as the declared deadline of March 15th neared, that a clash at Ram"s supposed birthplace might well have provoked bloodshed on an appalling scale across the nation. It has, unfortunately, happened often enough before. But the threat has not vanished. The court"s decision is only an interim one, and the main Hindu groups have not given up on their quest to build their temple. Extreme religious violence, which seemed in recent years to have faded after the Ayodhya-related explosion of 1992—1993, is again a feature of the political landscape. Though faults lie on both sides (it was a Muslim attack on Hindus in a train in Gujarat that started the recent slaughter), the great bulk of victims were, as always, Muslims. Once again, educated Hindus are to be heard inveighing against the "appeasing" of Muslims through such concessions as separate constitutional status for Kashmir or the right to practice Islamic civil law. Once again, the police are being accused of doing little or nothing to help Muslim victims of rampaging Hindu mobs. Once again, India"s 130m Muslims feel unequal and unsafe in their own country. Far too many Hindus would refuse to accept that it is “their own country" at all. The wonder of it, perhaps, is that things are not worse. While the world applauds Pakistan for at last locking up the leaders of its extreme religious groups, in India the zealots still support, sustain and to a degree constitute the government. The BJP, which leads the ruling coalition, was founded as a political front for the Hindu movement. It is simply one, and by no means the dominant, member of what is called the Sangh Pariwar, the "family of organizations". Other members of the family are much less savoury. There is the VHP, the World Hindu Organization, which led the movement to build the Ram temple. There is the Bajrang Dal, the brutalist "youth wing" of the VHP. There is substantial evidence that members of the VHP and the Bajrang Dal helped to organize the slaughter of hundreds of Muslims in Gujarat after 58 Hindus were killed on a train as they returned from Ayodhya.
DOTCOM mania was slow in coming to higher education, but now it has the venerable industry firmly in its grip. Since the launch early last year of Udacity and Coursera, two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete. Meanwhile, the MOOCs have multiplied in number, resources and student recruitment— without yet having figured out a business model of their own.
Besides providing online courses to their own(generally fee-paying)students, universities have felt
obliged to join the MOOC revolution to avoid being guillotined by it. Coursera has formed partnerships with 83 universities and colleges around the world, including many of America"s top-tier institutions.
EdX, a non-profit MOOC provider founded in May 2012 by Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and backed with $ 60m of their money, is now a consortium of 28 institutions, the most recent joiner being the Indian Institute of Technology in Mumbai. Led by the Open University, which pioneered distance-learning in the 1970s, FutureLearn, a consortium of 21 British, one Irish and one Australian university, plus other educational bodies, will start offering MOOCs later this year. But Oxford and Cambridge remain aloof, refusing to join what a senior Oxford figure fears may be a "lemming-like rush" into MOOCs.
On July 10th Coursera said it had raised another $ 43m in venture capital, on top of the $ 22m it banked last year. Although its enrolments have soared, and now exceed 4m students, this is a huge leap of faith by investors that the firm can develop a viable business model. The new money should allow Coursera to build on any advantage it has from being a first mover among a rapidly growing number of MOOC providers.
The industry has similar network economics to Amazon, eBay and Google, says Ms Roller, in that "content producers go to where most consumers are, and consumers go to where the most content is. " Simon Nelson, the chief executive of FutureLearn, disagrees. "Anyone who thinks the rules of engagement have already been written by the existing players is massively underestimating the potential of the technology," he says.
Certainly, there is plenty of experimentation with business models taking place. The MOOCs themselves may be free, but those behind them think there will be plenty of revenue opportunities. Coursera has started charging to provide certificates for those who complete its courses and want proof, perhaps for a future employer. It is also starting to license course materials to universities that want to
beef up
their existing offering. However, it has abandoned for now attempts to help firms recruit employees from among Coursera"s students, because catering to the different needs of each employer was "not a scalable model", says Ms Koller.
For Udacity, in contrast, working with companies to train existing and future employees is now the heart of its business model. It has tie-ups with several firms, including Google. It recently formed a partnership with AT&T, along with Georgia Tech, to offer a master"s degree in computer science. Course materials will be free, but students will pay around $ 7,000 for tuition. EdX is taking yet another tack, selling its MOOC technology to universities like Stanford, both to create their own MOOC offerings and to make physically attending university more attractive, by augmenting existing teaching.
There is, writes Daniele Fanelli in a recent issue of Nature, something rotten in the state of scientific research—"an epidemic of false, biased, and falsified findings" where "only the most
egregious
cases of misconduct are discovered and punished." Fanelli is a leading thinker in an increasingly alarming field of scientific research: one that seeks to find out why it is that so much scientific research turns out to be wrong.
For a long time the focus has either been on industry funding as a source of bias, particularly in drug research, or on those who deliberately commit fraud, such as the spectacular case of Diederik Sta-pel, a Dutch social psychologist who was found to have fabricated at least 55 research papers over 20 years. But an increasing number of studies have shown that flawed research is a much wider phenomenon, especially in the biomedical sciences. Indeed, the investigation into Stapel also blamed a "sloppy" research culture that often ignored inconvenient data and misunderstood important statistical methods.
"There's little question that the scientific literature is awash(充斥着) in false findings—findings that if you try to replicate you'll probably never succeed or at least find them to be different from what was initially said," says Fanelli, "But people don't appreciate that this is not because scientists are manipulating these results, consciously or unconsciously; it's largely because we have a system that favors statistical flukes instead of replicable findings."
This is why, he says, we need to extend the idea of academic misconduct (currently limited to fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism) to "distorted reporting"—the failure to communicate all the information someone would need to validate your findings. Right now, he says, we're missing all the " unconscious biases, the systemic biases... the practices, mistakes, and problems that hardly ever count as cheating , even though they have a very important and probably the largest effect on creating technically false results in the literature."
One particularly challenging bias is that academic journals tend to publish only positive results. As Isabelle Boutron, a professor of epidemiology at René Descartes University in Paris, points out, studies have shown that peer reviewers are influenced by trial results; one study showed that they not only favored a paper showing a positive effect over a near-identical paper showing no effect, they also gave the positive paper higher scores for its scientific methods. And Boutron has herself found extensive evidence of scientists spinning their findings to claim benefits that their actual results didn't quite support.
"We need a major cultural change," says Fanelli. "But when you think that, even 20 years ago, these issues were practically never discussed, I think we're making considerable progress."
Inquiring about Admission Write an e-mail of about 100 words based on the following situation: You applied to Central Washington University for admission 3 months ago, but have not received a reply. Now write an e-mail to inquire about your admission. Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.
Title: ExaminationOutline:1. People"s attitude toward examinations varies from person to person.2. As far as students and teachers are concerned, examinations are meaningful.3. In a word, the advantages of examinations outweigh the disadvantages.You should write about 160—200 words neatly.
All is not gold that glitters.
