Suppose you are a businessman taking flight CA983 from Beijing to Los Angeles. Unfortunately you lost your handbag on board when you got off the plane. Write a letter to the people concerned for help. Your letter should include: 1) the time and place the event occurred; 2) the detail of your handbag; 3) your gratitude. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write your address.

MoreAttentionShouldBePaidtoChineseLearningWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

A single night of taking the drug Ecstasy can cause serious brain damage and hasten the【B1】______of Parkinson's disease, scientists say. Just two to three Ecstasy tablets-a quantity that thousands of clubbers take during raves-can permanently 【B2】______ brain cells that affect movement and【B3】______, according to American research that 【B4】______ the drug to Parkinson' s for the first time. A study by a team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, 【B5】______ monkeys and baboons found that both species of primate【B6】______irreversible damage to key cells 【B7】______ dopamine neurons, which are lost in Parkinson' s, after receiving three low doses of Ecstasy at three-hour【B8】______. The study is particularly significant because baboons are one of the best animal models for the human【B9】______. George Ricaurte, who led the research, said that widespread【B10】______of the drug may already be【B11】______victims of such neurological damage. "The most troubling【B12】______is that young adults using Ecstasy may be【B13】______their risk for developing Parkinsonism as they get older." Alan Leshner, a former director of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse, said: "This study emphasizes the multi-faceted damage that Ecstasy can do【B14】______users. We've long known that repeated use damages serotonin brain cells. This study shows that even very【B15】______use can have long-lasting effects【B16】______many different brain systems. It sends an important message to young people: don't【B17】______with your own brain." Janet Betts, the Essex mother whose daughter Leah died after a single Ecstasy tablet in 1995, said: "This comes as no【B18】______. People can't see the effects at first, and they're in permanent denial, saying it's not going to happen to them. But we'll see the【B19】______later, just as we have【B20】______smoking."

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

Passive Wait Means Failure

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. It is hardly necessary to point out that we live in a world of increasing industrialization. While this process enables us to raise our standard of living at an ever-accelerating rate, it also leads to a corresponding growth of interdependence between the different regions of, the world. (41)______. What, then, is to be done? Although it is difficult to know where to begin to deal with such a large subject, the first step is perhaps to consider the main economic difficulties an underdeveloped or emerging region has to face. (42)______. A number of quite common occurrences are therefore sufficient to cause immediate-and serious interference with this. export production: unfavorable weather conditions, plant or animal epidemics, the exhaustion of soil fertility or mineral deposits, the development of substitute products in the industrialized regions, etc. The sensitivity of the economy is greatly intensified in cases where exports are confined only to one or two products—"monocultures" as they are sometimes called. (43)______. This also applies to the manufactured goods required to provide their populations with the "necessities of life". This economic structure makes it difficult for them to avoid being politically dependent on the countries which absorb their exports and provide their essential imports. Since, under modern conditions, a rapid rise in population is a phenomenon closely associated with underdevelopment. This cause alone can subject the economy to severe and continuous stress. (44)______. In the first place, to set up modern industries necessitates capital on a large scale, which only industrialized regions are able to provider secondly, they lack the necessary trained manpower; thirdly, their industries—when established—are usually not efficient enough to compete with foreign imports, and any restriction on these imports is likely to lead to counter-action against their own exports. From another point of view, it is necessary to bear in mind that there are invariably political, educational, social and psychological obstacles which tend to interfere seriously with any measures taken to deal with the economic difficulties outlined above. (45)______. To conclude, it seems clear that if we are to succeed in solving the many inter-related problems of underdevelopment, only the fullest and most intelligent use of the resources of all branches of science will enable us to do so.Notes: be orientated...toward 被引导到…。monoculture 单一作物耕种。A. For example, the economies of such countries are orientated primarily toward the production of raw materials, i.e. agricultural and mineral products; these are then exported to the industrialized countries.B. Given these conditions, it is easy to see that any permanent economic or political instability in one area is bound to have an increasingly serious effect upon the rest of the world. Since the main source of such instability is underdevelopment, it is clear that this now constitutes a problem of international dimensions.C. As far as "necessities of life" are concerned, they represent a concept which is continually being enlarged through the mass media of communication such as newspapers, films, the radio and advertising.D. Although it is obvious that industrialization is the key to development, it is usually very difficult for emerging countries to carry out plans of this nature.E. Being under-industrialized, these countries are largely dependent on imports to supply the equipment needed to produce the raw materials they export.F. To consider only one point: it is obviously useless to devote great efforts and expense to education, technical training and planning if, for psychological reasons, the population as a whole fails to turn theory into effective action.G. This sudden increase in the population of the underdeveloped countries has come at a difficult time. Even if their population had not grown so fast they would have been facing a desperate struggle to bring the standard of living of their people up.

Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

Title: MY TEACHERWord limit: 160-200 wordsTime limit: 40 minutesYou are required to develop your essay according to the given topic sentence of each paragraph.Outline:1. Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is my professor of philosophy.2. First of all, I was impressed by his devotion.3. Second, I admired the fact that he would confer with students outside the classroom and easily make friends with them.4. Finally, I was attracted by his lively wit.

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.【C1】______ the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer" s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【C2】______to live shorter lives. This suggests that【C3】______ bulbs burn longer, that there is an【C4】______in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【C5】______, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【C6】______the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n)【C7】______process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they"ve apparently learned is when to【C8】______. Is there an adaptive value to【C9】______intelligence? That" s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【C10】______at all the species we"ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【C11】______of our own intelligence might be. This is【C12】______the mind of every animal we" ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【C13】______ on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【C14】______, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【C15】______animals ran the labs, they would test us to【C16】______the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【C17】______, not merely how much of it there is.【C18】______, they would hope to study a(n)【C19】______question; Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?【C20】______the results are inconclusive.

What's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you【B1】______thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 【B2】______ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four【B3】______retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been 【B4】______ by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia". One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature【B5】______about the age of two. But the most popular theory【B6】______that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot 【B7】______ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 【B8】______ — one event follows 【B9】______ —as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental【B10】______for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don't find any that fits the【B11】______. It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new【B12】______for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply【B13】______any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use【B14】______spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly【B15】______impressions of them into long-term memories. In other【B16】______, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about【B17】______—Mother talking about the afternoon【B18】______looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean park. Without this【B19】______reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form【B20】______memories of their personal experiences.

The time has come for humanity to journey to Mars. We"re ready. (46) Though Mars is distant, we are far better prepared today to send humans to Mars than we were to travel to the Moon at the commencement of the space age. Given the will, we could have our first teams on Mars within a decade. The reasons for going to Mars are powerful. We must go for the knowledge of Mars. Our robotic probes have revealed that Mars was once a warm and wet planet, suitable for hosting life"s origin. But did it? A search for fossils on the Martian surface or microbes in groundwater below could provide the answer. If found, they would show that the origin of life is not unique to the Earth, and, by implication, reveal a universe that is filled with life and probably intelligence as well. (47) From the view point of learning our true place in the universe, this would be the most important scientific enlightenment since Copernicus. We must go for knowledge of Earth. As we begin the twenty-first century, we have evidence that we are changing the Earth"s atmosphere and environment in significant ways. It has become a critical matter for us to better understand all aspects of our environment. (48) In this project, comparative planetology is a very powerful tool, a fact already shown by the role that Venusian atmospheric studies played in our discovery of the potential threat of global warming by greenhouse gases. Mars, the planet most like Earth, will have even more to teach us about our home world. The knowledge we gain could be key to our survival. We must go for the future. (49) Mars is not just a scientific curiosity; it is a world with a surface area equal to all the continents of Earth combined; possessing all the elements that are needed to support not only life, but technological society. (50) It is a New World, filled with history waiting to be made by a new and youthful branch of human civilization that is waiting to be born. We must go to Mars to make that potential a reality. We must go, not for us, but for a people who are yet to be. We must do it for the Martians.

BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B

When Marine Lt. Alan Zarracina finally did the splits after months of struggling with the difficult pose in yoga class, the limber women around him applauded. Zarracina, a 24-year-old Naval Academy graduate and flight student, admits he would have a hard time explaining the scene to other Marines. Each class ends with a chant for peace. Then, instructor Nancy La Nasa hands students incense sticks as a gift for their 90 minutes of back bends, shoulder stands and other challenging positions. Zarracina has tried to drag some of his military friends to class, but they make fun of hint. "It"s not necessarily considered masculine", he said. Still, the popular classes, based on ancient Hindu practices of meditation through controlled breathing, balancing and stretching, are catching on in military circles as a way to improve flexibility, balance and concentration. A former Navy SEAL told Zarracina about the class. The August edition of Fit Yoga, the nation"s second-largest yoga magazine with a circulation of 100,000, features a photo of two naval aviators doing yoga poses in full combat gear aboard an aircraft carrier. "At first it seemed a little shocking—soldiers practicing such a peaceful art", writes editor Rita Trieger. Upon closer inspection, she said, she noticed "a sense of inner calm" on the aviators" faces. "War is hell, and if yoga can help them find a little solace, that"s good", said Trieger, a longtime New York yoga instructor. Retired Adm. Tom Steffens, who spent 34 years as a Navy SEAL and served as the director of the elite corps" training, regularly practices yoga at his home in Norfolk, Va. "Once in a while I"ll sit in class, and everyone is a 20-something young lady with a 10-inch waist and here I am this old guy, " he joked. Steffens, who said the stretching helped him eliminate the stiffness of a biceps injury after surgery, said the benefits of regular practice can be enormous. "The yoga cured all kinds of back pains", he said. "Being a SEAL, you beat up your body". Yoga breathing exercises can help SEALs with their diving, and learning to control the body by remaining in unusual positions can help members stay in confined spaces for long periods, he said. "The ability to stay focused on something, whether on breathing or on the yoga practice, and not be drawn off course, that has a lot of connection to the military", he said. "In our SEAL basic training, there are many things that are yoga-like in nature.

What shapes moral emotions in the first place? The answer has long been evolution, hut in recent years there"s an increasing appreciation that evolution isn"t just about competition. It"s also about cooperation within groups. 【F1】 Like bees, humans have long lived or died based on their ability to divide labor, help each other and stand together in the face of common threats. Many of our moral emotions and intuitions reflect that history. We don"t just care about our individual rights, or even the rights of other individuals. We also care about loyalty, respect, traditions, religions. We are all the descendents of successful cooperators. The first nice thing about this evolutionary approach to morality is that it emphasizes the social nature of moral intuition. People are not discrete units coolly formulating moral arguments. They link themselves together into communities and networks of mutual influence. The second nice thing is that it entails a warmer view of human nature.【F2】 Evolution is always about competition, but for humans, as Darwin speculated, competition among groups has turned us into pretty cooperative, empathetic and altruistic creatures—at least within our families, groups and sometimes nations. The third nice thing is that it explains the haphazard way most of us lead our lives without destroying dignity and choice. Moral intuitions have primacy, Haidt argues, but they are not dictators.【F3】 There are times, often the most important moments in our lives, when in fact we do use reason to override moral intuitions, and often those reasons — along with new intuitions—come from our friends. The rise and now dominance of this emotional approach to morality is an epochal change. It challenges all sorts of traditions. It challenges the bookish way philosophy is conceived by most people. It challenges the Talmudic tradition, with its hyper-rational scrutiny of texts.【F4】 It challenges the new atheists, who see themselves involved in a war of reason against faith and who have an unwarranted faith in the power of pure reason and in the purity of their own reasoning. Finally, it should also challenge the very scientists who study morality.【F5】 They" re good at explaining how people make judgments about harm and fairness, but they still struggle to explain the feelings of awe, transcendence, patriotism, joy and self-sacrifice, which are not ancillary to most people"s moral experiences, but central. The evolutionary approach also leads many scientists to neglect the concept of individual responsibility and makes it hard for them to appreciate that most people struggle toward goodness, not as a means, but as an end in itself.

The (1)_____ of the fluorescent tube (2)_____ a major revolution in the development of better and cheaper lighting. First shown at the New York and San Francisco World (3)_____ in 1939, this more efficient, more diffuse, longer-lived lamp has been (4)_____ improved, so that slowly it (5)_____ the supremacy of the incandescent household globe. The fluorescent tube (6)_____ Australian homes, shops and factories today is seven or eight times (7)_____ the tubes that brought shadow-free lighting to many of Britain"s wartime factories. Its (8)_____ too, is much greater—from 2,000 hours in 1940 to mc/re than 7, 500 hours today. But (9)_____ its (10)_____ use for more than 30 years, the fluorescent tube remains a (11)_____ to many of its users. It is built (12)_____ a completely different (13)_____ from the incandescent light. In the incandescent bulb, a tungsten wire (14)_____ than a human hair, is brought to white-hot temperature by passing an electric (15)_____ through it. In the fluorescent tube a stream of electrons bombards a gas containing mercury, (16)_____ invisible ultraviolet radiation. The ultraviolet rays hit the fluorescent coating that (17)_____ the tube, (18)_____ it to grow. A 40 watt fluorescent tube gives twice as much light as a 100.watt tungsten globe, (19)_____ about five times as long, and runs cool enough to (20)_____ higher levels of light.

It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently (1)_____ qualitatively but quantitatively—how the world works. We might (2)_____ a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1,080 elementary particles that (3)_____ a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon. To understand such a universe we would need a brain (4)_____ as massive as the universe. It seems (5)_____ that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because being and brains (6)_____ some degree of internal stability and order. But (7)_____ in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much (8)_____ than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy. (9)_____ for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable. Our common sense experience and our evolutionary history have (10)_____ us to understand something of the workaday world. When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition (11)_____ highly unreliable guides. It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light our mass (12)_____ indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness (13)_____ the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like. Many people think that this is silly, and every week (14)_____ I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it. But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einstein"s (15)_____ analysis of space and time called the Special Theory of Relativity. It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us. We are not (16)_____ the habit of traveling close to the speed of light. The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities. The idea that the world places restrictions on (17)_____ humans might do is frustrating. Why shouldn"t we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why can"t we (18)_____ faster than the speed of light? But (19)_____ we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed. Such prohibitions not only (20)_____ us toward a little humility; they also make the world more knowable.

"We want Singapore to have the X-factor, that buzz that you get in London, Paris, or New York". That is how Lee Hsien Loong, Singapore"s prime minister, (1)_____ his government"s decision to (2)_____ gambling in the country, (3)_____ two large, Vegas-style casinos. Whether the casinos will indeed help to transform Singapore"s staid image remains to be seen. But the decision bas already (4)_____ an uncharacteristic buzz among the country"s normally (5)_____ citizens. The government has contemplated, and rejected (6)_____ casinos several times in the past. One reason was (7)_____ Singapore"s economic growth was so rapid that casinos seemed like an unnecessary evil. Buddhism and Islam, two of the country"s main religions, (8)_____ on gambling. The government itself has traditionally had strong, and often (9)_____, ideas about how its citizens should behave. Until recently, for example, it refused to (10)_____ homosexuals to the civil service. It also used to (11)_____ chewing gum, which it considers a public nuisance. Nowadays, (12)_____, Singapore"s electronics industry, the mainstay of the economy, is struggling to cope with cheap competition from places like China. In the first quarter of this year, output (13)_____ by 5.8% at an annual rate. So the government wants lo promote tourism and other services to (14)_____ for vanishing jobs in manufacturing. Merrill Lynch, an investment bank, (15)_____ the two proposed casinos could (16)_____ in as much as $4 billion in the initial investment alone. (17)_____ its estimates, they would have annual revenues of (18)_____ $3.6 billion, and pay at least $600 million in taxes and fees. The government, for its part, thinks the integrated (19)_____, as it coyly calls the casinos, would (20)_____ as many as 35,000 jobs.

Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits. In recent years, scientists have begun to show that being bilingual makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age. Researchers, educators and policy makers in 20 century considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child's academic and intellectual development. There is ample evidence that in a bilingual' s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference isn't so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain' s so-called executive function. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind—like remembering a sequence of directions while driving. Why does the tussle between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one language system. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page. The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. "Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often," says Albert Costa, a searcher at the University of Pompeu Fabra in Spain. "It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving." In a study comparing Ger man-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Cost and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it. The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age, and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life.

This line of inquiry did not begin until earlier this month—more than three months after the accident—because there were "too many emotions, too many egos", said retired Adm. Harold Gehman, chairman of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. Testifying before the Senate Commerce Committee, Gehman said this part of his inquiry was in its earliest stages, starting just 10 days ago. But Gehman said he already has concluded it is "inconceivable" that NASA would have been unable or unwilling to attempt a rescue for astronaut, s in orbit if senior shuttle managers and administrators had known there was fatal damage to Columbia"s left wing. Gehman told reporters after the hearing that answers to these important questions could have enormous impact, since they could place in a different context NASA"s decisions against more aggressively checking possible wing damage in the days before Columbia"s fatal return. Investigators believe breakaway insulating foam damaged part of Columbia"s wing Shortly after liftoff, allowing superheated air to penetrate the wing during its fiery re-entry on Feb. 1 and melt it from the inside. Among those decisions was the choice by NASA"s senior shuttle managers and administrators to reject offers of satellite images of possible damage to Columbia"s left wing before the accident. The subject dominated the early part of Wednesday"s hearing. Gehman complained that managers and administrators "missed signals" when they rejected those offers for images, a pointedly harsh assessment of the space agency"s inaction during the 16 day shuttle mission. "We will attempt to pin this issue down in our report, but there were a number of bureaucratic and administrative missed signals here", Gehman told senators. "We"re not quite so happy with the process". The investigative board already had recommended that NASA push for better coordination between the space agency and military offices in charge of satellites and telescopes. The U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency in March agreed to regularly capture detailed satellite images of space shuttles in orbit. Still, Gehman said it was unclear whether even images from America"s most sophisticated spy satellites might have detected on Columbia"s wing any damage, which Gehman said could have been as small as two inches square. The precise capabilities of such satellites was a sensitive topic during the Senate hearing.