BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B

If the opinion polls are to be believed, most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspect an organization which has so often patronized them, lied to them and defrauded them. But the Indians may soon win a victory in a legal battle that epitomizes those abuses. Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, is the leading plaintiff in a massive class-action suit against the government. At issue is up to $10 billion in trust payments owed to some 500,000 Indians. The suit revolves around Individual Indian Money (11M) accounts that are administered by the Interior Department"s Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the government divided more than 11m acres of tribal land into parcels of 80 to 160 acres that were assigned to individual Indians. Because these parcels were rarely occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them. As the Indians" trustee, it leased the land out for grazing, logging, mining and oil drilling—but it was supposed to distribute the royalties to the Indian owners. In fact, officials admit that royalties have been lost or stolen. Records were destroyed and the government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 500,000 Indians, but even the government accepts a figure of about 300,000. For years, Cobell heard Indians complain of not getting payment from the government for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from government lawyers, filed the suit. Gale Norton, George Bushes interior secretary was charged with contempt in November because her department had failed to fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trustfund records were vulnerable to hackers. The system was partly restored last month and payments to some Indians, which had been interrupted, resumed. And that is not the end of it. Ms. Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of Indian Trust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she suggested this without consulting them. Some want the trust funds to be placed in receivership, under a neutral supervisor. Others have called for Congress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be getting sorted out.

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)A. So what do the Americans think of the foreign visitors who arrive for the torrid heat, just when locals from the United States tend to avoid Death Valley? Says park ranger Brenda Henson, "The foreigners want to experience the heat in Death Valley. They think this is neat. I think it"s crazy."B. The place that the tourists—mainly from Europe—are drawn to is an actually series of salt flats 225 km long and 6 km to 26 km wide. The searing heat of the sun is reflected up from this dry and waterless terrain, and the only noise that breaks the silence in this vast valley is the crunch of visitors" shoes on the fine salt crystals left by evaporation. Birds and animals are largely absent, and only the hardiest plants have any chance of existence in this unforgiving landscape.C. According to park rangers, an average of 1.3 million visitors enter the park each year. From June through August, 90 percent of them are foreigners, there to experience the blistering heat that gives Death Valley its name. Art Horton, meteorologist from the National Weather Service, says the average high in July is 46.2 deg C and the low 30 deg C. For August, the average high is 45.2 deg C and the low 29.4 deg C.D. All around, mountains tower above the salt flats. Across the flats, visitors can see Telescope Peak, the highest point in the park at more than 3,350m. Normally snow covered in winter, the mountain range is bare in summer, but at the edges of the Valley offers some shade from the blistering sun.E. Even Death Valley"s hot news weather can have extremes above that. The hottest days ever recorded were on June 30, 1994, and July 14, 1972 when temperatul hit 53.3 deg C. And in winter, Death Valley continues to live up to its name, producing coldness at the other end of the scale that can be life-threatening to anyone caught exposed in it. The coldest day recorded in Death Valley was on January 3 1988 when it was 18 deg C below zero.F. One tourist from Paris sums up the attraction very simply: "We come here because we can tell all our friends and family that we"ve been to the hottest place in t world," he says.G. Death Valley is the lowest, hottest, driest area in North America. The climate this California National Park has less than sum of rainfall a year and temperatures to 53 deg C in summer. That"s enough to keep sensible Americans away during the hottest months from June to August. But it"s then that the sizzling temperatures a stifling heat draw their most avid fans, the foreign tourists. From all over the glob they descend to the valley floor in rental cars, carrying maps and water bottles, a vigorously fanning themselves with newspapers to keep cool.Order: G is the 1st paragraph and F is the last one.

People with hearing impairments don"t want to be treated as though they are somehow less valuable in the community. Is it normal to be a little nervous communicating with a deaf person for the first time? Sure. What"s important though is realizing that while these people can"t hear, they definitely can communicate effectively with you if you give them a chance. Any form of communication between people is a two way street. It is very important then to determine how a deaf person prefers to communicate. There are a number of options available to them such as sign language, lip reading or using text. There will be a way of making a connection. It may sometimes he difficult or awkward but the effort is well worth it. If you need to communicate regularly with a deaf person there is no doubt that significant effort is required on your part to make the connection. It is almost like needing to learn a second language. Unfortunately for the majority of people it is not something that they encounter on a regular basis, so novices to sign language and lip reading can make unintentional errors. Mostly these errors are the result of speed. For lip reading it may be a case of talking too fast so that the deaf person doesn"t have the capacity to catch all of the conversation. Alternatively it is not unusual for people to talk too slowly, as though the deaf person has a comprehension disorder rather than hearing. In terms of sign language it can be just as frustrating for the deaf person who is fluent in signing to try to decipher an untrained person"s attempts at sign language. " Novices who learn the signs but only use them occasionally never really learn how to "speak" in sign language the way someone closely tied to deaf people can. The dilemma can be compared to visiting a foreign country in which the inhabitants speak a different language. You may have spent years studying that language but when you find yourself thrust into a different culture you realize that you have learned the rules and vocabulary of the language but you have not learned how to speak it. Dealing with deaf people does not necessarily have to significantly alter the way that you get your message across. Even with hearing people verbal communication only makes up a small component of the way a message is delivered. You may need to think a little more about the best way of making a connection but it can be done. These are ordinary people you are dealing with and they deserve to be treated with dignity and respect, the same as anyone else.

James wants to send a gift to his friend Paul. After consideration, he decides to offer him a dictionary. The reason for this is as follows: 1. The English-Chinese Dictionary is newly published; 2. It will be helpful for Paul to improve his English; 3. It is a symbol of their friendship. You should write about 100 words, do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "James" instead. You do not need to write the address.

During the 1990s boom Dell Computer"s customers got hooked on speed. Most were willing to pay a premium to have their computers shipped by overnight air express. But today, the equation has flipped. Customers prize cost savings over speed. "Now, most of our computers (in the U.S.) are shipped on the ground—and we can still reach just about everyone within two days," says Fred Montoya, Dell"s vice-president for worldwide logistics. Express air shipping isn"t in a death spiral. But recession-spooked consumers and manufacturers are less willing to pay for overnight delivery, which is three to five times more expensive than ground shipping. Even when they pay, satisfaction is not guaranteed. After September 11th, security scrutiny of air freight can result in long delays—which means roads may actually be faster. That"s another reason why the number of packages shipped by air domestically fell 7.6% in 2001. And even with the recovery under way, air-express volume is forecast to rebound by just 3% this year. "There"s a mass migration from air to trucks," says Jerry Levy, marketing director for air shipper Bax Global Inc. The industry"s giants are ready to roll with the change. In the past several years, FedEx and UPS have rebuilt their ground networks as a series of regional hubs able to deliver most packages overnight within a 700-mile radius. "Now, we can move a package in the most expedient way-ground or air or a combination of both," says Tom Weidemeyer, UPS" chief operating officer and president of its airline unit. New technologies—including bar coding, satellite tracking, online billing and status—are easing the transition. Even impatient customers are willing to do without overnight delivery "if they know when (a shipment) will arrive," notes Brian Clancy, a principal at industry consultant Merge-Global Inc. The grounding of so much freight is solidifying the lead of UPS and FedEx. "We"re able to keep business in the family that we might have lost," says William Margaritis, FedEx"s corporate vice-president for worldwide communications. His company has invested $700 million in a new ground-delivery network while deferring the delivery of 123 aircraft. And strict new security requirements have forced the passenger airlines to stop carrying packages for the U.S. Postal Service, notes Richard Lung, director of revenue management at United Airlines Inc."s cargo unit. And small shippers, whether air or truck, lack the capital to build hybrid networks. "We got caught with our pants down," says Levy of Bax Global, which added a ground-delivery unit in 2000. Slow and steady really does win the race.

Writeanessayof160—200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethephotosbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.Youshouldwriteneatly.

Title: Marriage on the campusTime limit: 30 minutesWord list: 120～150 wordsYour composition should be based on the outline below.Outline: 1. Present situation 2. Its advantages and disadvantages 3. Your own viewpoints.

He is very musical.

These days, house price vertigo is more than a local or national condition. It"s a worldwide phenomenon. (46) The American housing boom in recent years is nothing compared with the price run- up in countries like France, Spain, Britain, Ireland, Sweden and Australia, even though markets in Australia and Britain have cooled in the last year. Million-dollar two-bedroom apartments are not only a fixture of New York, but of London, Paris and Hong Kong. In New Zealand, housing prices rose by more than 16 percent from 2003 to 2004. In Ireland, they rose more than 10 percent in that period. The rise in prices is worrisome, because the international housing boom is a byproduct of globalization. A house on a plot of ground is the most local of assets. (47) But the financial markets that make it possible for people to borrow money to buy a house, or speculate, are increasingly open, international and linked. Interest rate policies in the industrialized world tend to move in lockstep, usually led by the United States. A growing community of affluent professionals around the world now buy second homes and invest in housing abroad. (48) The economic links act as a self-reinforcing network that has fueled the global surge iii house prices but would also likely magnify the pain on the way down. The ripples would extend well beyond the housing markets. A fall in American house prices, for example, would crimp consumer spending—and free-spending Americans have supported growth in many export-minded nations, notably China. (49) "The real concern is that the housing boom extends across so many countries this time," said Susan M. Wachter, a professor of real estate at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. "That just raises the stakes, and the risk, when the music stops." The global surge in house prices is a boom by design, largely manufactured by the world"s central banks, led by the Federal Reserve. And it was done for good reason. (50) Faced with a falling stock market and the collapse of the high-tech bubble, the Fed cut interest rates sharply in 2000 to try t0 limit the damage to the American economy and its trading partners. Other central banks, like the European Central Bank, quickly followed the Fed"s lead. Higher government spending and tax cuts were also part of the formula. Cheap credit worldwide fueled the housing market, making mortgage payments less costly. Homeowners refinanced their mortgages at lower rates, and the savings went into consumer spending. They took out home-equity loans on houses of rising value, and spent that borrowed money on cars, clothes, furniture, restaurant meals and vacations. The higher consumer spending and the soaring value of the home nest-egg have kept the global economy chugging along.

So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned (1)_____ than it is about sadness. But it"s usually (2)_____ as sadness. Depression can (3)_____ at all ages, from childhood to old age, and it"s the United States" No. 1 (4)_____ problem. When someone is depressed, her behavior (5)_____ change and she loses interest in activities she (6)_____ enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The sadness usually lasts every day for most of the day and for two weeks or more. What (7)_____ depression? A (8)_____ event can certainly bring (9)_____ depression, but some will say it happens (10)_____ a specific cause. So how do you know if you"re just having a bad day (11)_____ are really depressed? Depression affects your (12)_____, moods, behavior and even your physical health. These changes often go (13)_____ or are labeled (14)_____ simply a bad case of the blues. Someone who"s truly (15)_____ depression will have (16)_____ periods of crying spells, feelings of (17)_____ (like not being able to change your situation) and (18)_____ (like you"ll feel this way forever), irritation or agitation. A depressed person often (19)_____ from others. Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest (20)_____ of depression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isn"t treated.

You have learned from a website that a music club is recruiting new members. You are very interested and want to join the club. Write a letter expressing your interest in it, asking about the fee for the membership and other relevant information. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

Write a letter to the president of your university to 1)point out the problems of the canteen service on the campus, and 2)make suggestions for improvement. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.(10 points)

Title: Beijing To Host 2008 Olympic GamesOutline:1. Beijing submitted applications to the International Olympic Committee.2. Why does Beijing want to host 2008 Olympic Games?3. Beijing should make further effort.You should write about 160—200 words neatly.

Complaining Write a letter of about 100 words based on the following situation: You ordered a hair dryer online at the cost of $22, but only received an empty package box. Something must be wrong. Now write a letter to complain about it and ask for a refund or another delivery. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

"Ouch!" you cry as your doctor "stabs" you in a finger or in that sensitive spot on the inside of your elbow opposite your elbow. "Is the sharp, if momentary, pain necessary?" You wonder as the doctor takes a sample of your blood. What is she up to anyway? What are blood tests for? Your blood is a vital part of your body. It picks up oxygen in your lungs and carries it to your cells, which use the oxygen to produce energy. It carries wastes away from your cells. It carries white blood cells and disease-fighting chemicals called antibodies to places where foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses are causing infections. The white blood cells gobble up the invaders, and the antibodies knock them out. Your blood also carries food from your stomach and small intestine to all parts of your body. Clearly, a large loss of blood from an accident or disease can have serious consequences. So can an imbalance of the blood"s parts. For example, a low concentration of white cells reduces the body"s ability to fight infection. A low concentration of oxygen-carrying red cells robs the body of energy releasing oxygen. Suppose you lost a lot of blood, what would a doctor do? Replace the blood quickly as possible by giving you a transfusion of blood donated by another person. But the doctor can"t use just anyone"s blood. The donor"s blood has to be of a type that won"t be destroyed by your blood. Blood type? What"s that? Remember the blood your doctor took from you? Well, some of that blood may have been used to find your blood type—A, B, AB, or O. Each of us has one of these basic blood types (plus a number of subtypes). People with a certain type can receive blood of only certain other types. To find your blood type, the doctor sends your blood to a laboratory. There your red cells are separated from the other parts of your blood. These cells may have certain antigens (special proteins) on their surfaces—"A" antigens and/or "B" antigens. If your red cells have "A" antigens you are type A, "B" antigens make you type B both "A" and "B" antigens make you type AB, neither "A" nor "B" antigens makes you type O. How do you find those antigens? A lab technician mixes your red blood cells with two kinds of blood serum. One contains anti-A antibodies. The other kind contains anti-B antibodies. An antibody is a substance that "attacks" a particular antigen, in this case "A" or "B" antigens. The technician taken looks at each mixture under a microscope to see what will happen to your blood cells. Certain mixtures may make your red cells clump together. By finding which mixtures do this and which do not, the technician can figure out your blood type. But blood typing isn"t the only reason to have a blood test taken. It can also check for signs of infection. How? When you have an infection, especially a serious one, the number of white blood cells soars. This is normal response of your body to an invasion of germs. This time, a sample of blood goes to the lab for a CBC—complete blood count. A technician will examine your blood under a microscope—counting the white cells in a small marked-off area. If the number is much higher than it ought to be, the doctor may need to treat you to be sure the infection doesn"t spread. Other blood tests can determine the concentration of various chemicals in your blood or the variety and types of blood cells circulating in the blood. The information hidden in a drop of blood may lead a doctor to suggest ways to treat. Or avoid dangerous health conditions. Was the stick in the finger or arm necessary? If protecting yourself from danger is necessary, the answer has got to be—yes!

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. The tragic impact of the modern city on the human being has killed his sense of aesthetics, the material benefits of an affluent society have diverted his attention from his city and its cultural potentials to the products of science and technology, washing machines, central heating, automatic cookers, television sets, computers and fitted carpets. He is, at the moment, drunk with democracy, well-to-do, a car driver, and has never had it so good. He is reluctant to walk. Statistics reveal that the distance he is prepared to walk from his parking place to his shopping center is very short. (41)______. Congestion has become the predominant factor in his environment, and statistics suggest that two cars per household system may soon make matters worse. (42)______. "Putting land to its highest and best use" becomes the principal economic standard in urban growth. This speculative approach and the pressure of increasing population leads to the "vertical" growth of cities with the result that people are forced to adjust themselves to congestion in order to maintain these relatively artificial land values. Paradoxically the remedy for removing congestion is to create more of it. Partial decentralization, or rather, pseudo-decentralization, in the form of large development units away from the traditional town centers, only" shifts the disease round the anatomy of the town; if it is not combined with the remodeling of the town"s transportation system, it does not cure it. (43)______. It is within our power to build better cities and revive the civic pride of their citizens, but we shall have to stop operating on the fringe of the problem. We shall have radically to replan them to achieve a rational density of population. We shall have to provide in them what can be called minimum "psychological elbow room". (44)______. We must collect, in an organized manner, all and complete information about the city or the town, if we want to plan effectively. The principal unit in this process is "IM" (one man). We must not forget that cities are built by people, and that their form and shape should be subject to the will of the people. (45)______. The "man-educate" man, the human, will have to set the target, and using the results obtained by science and his own engineering skill, take upon himself the final shaping of his environment. He will have to use his high moral sense of responsibility to the community and to future generations.A. New systems of city management may be necessary to cope with the needs of today"s urban populations. Some planners insist that a decentralised decision-making process is fundamental to ensuring that cities work for and not against people.B. As there are no adequate off-street parking facilities, the cities are littered with kerb-parked cars and parking meters rear themselves everywhere.C. Here the engineering solutions are strongly affected by the necessity for complicated intersections, which in turn, are frustrated by the extravagant cost of land.D. Scientific methods of data collection and analysis will indicate trends, but they will not direct action. Scientific methods are only an instrument.E. The convergence of economic growth, population growth and urban expansion offers both great challenges and great potentials for realizing metropolitan sustainability.F. In the meantime, insult is added to injury by "land value". The value of land results from its use; its income is derived from the service it provides. When its use is intensified, its income and its value increase.G. One of the ingredients of this will be proper transportation plans. These will have to be an integral part of the overall planning process which in itself is a scientific process where facts are essential.

My aunt is as old again as I am.

The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultural trend that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no. Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. "Ever since the 1980s and the economic collapse of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a force for good," he said. "Incomes in many countries has declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been aggravated. Without further intervention by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout the Latin America and Asia." Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger "Economic liberalization, increased transparency and market based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanisms can produce short-term destabilization problems," he said. "What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income." Others feel that globalization"s cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Yawee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language. "Most of the world"s dialects will become extinct under globalization. We"re paving the world with McDonald"s and English slang. It tears me up inside," she said. Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and it certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs. "When I was a boy we had very little to speak of," says one Singaporean resident. "Now our country has developed into a booming hub for international finance." Others, however, are not so optimistic. "Globalization is an evil force that must be halted," a union official at a car plant in Detroit recently commented, "It"s sucking away jobs and killing the spirit of our country."Notes:slang 俚语tear up 撕碎，挖开proponent 支持者，拥护者hub 轮毂，中心suck away 减少

Many countries have a tradition of inviting foreigners to rule them. The English called in William of Orange in 1688, and, depending on your interpretation of history, William of Normandy in 1066. Both did rather a good job. Returning the compliment, Albania asked a well-bred Englishman called Aubgrey Herbert to be their king in the 1920s. He refused-and they ended up with several coves called Zog. America, the country of immigrants, has no truck with imported foreign talent. Article two of the constitution says that "no person except a natural-born citizen shall be eligible to the office of the president". This is now being challenged by a particularly irresistible immigrant: Arnold Schwarzenegger. Barely a year has passed since the erstwhile cyborg swept to victory in California"s recall election, yet there is already an Amend-for-Arnold campaign collecting signatures to let the Austrian-born governor have a go at the White House. George Bush senior has weighed in on his behalf. There are several "Arnold amendments" in Congress. one allows foreigners who have been naturalized citizens for 20 years to become president. (The Austrian became American in 1983). It is easy to dismiss the hoopla as another regrettable example of loopy celebrity politics. Mr. Schwarzenegger has made a decent start as governor, but he has done little, as yet, to change the structure of his dysfunctional state. Indeed, even if the law were changed, he could well be elbowed aside by another incomer, this time from Canada. the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, who appears to have fewer skeletons in her closet than the hedonistic actor. Moreover, changing the American constitution is no doddle. It has happened only 17 times since 1791 (when the first ten amendments were codified as the bill of rights). To change the constitution, an amendment has to be approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, and then to be ratified by three-quarters of the 50 states. The Arnold amendment is hardly in the same category as abolishing slavery or giving women the vote. And, as some wags point out, Austrian imports have a pretty dodgy record of running military superpowers.