Write an essay based on the outline below: 1．主题句：人们对大学合并持有不同的态度。 2．发展句：A）一些人认为大学合并是建设世界一流大学的重要举措。B）另一些人认为大学合并有一些潜在的问题，如管理问题。 3．结论句：大学合并利大于弊，但应考虑到带来的问题。 You should write about 160-200 words neatly.

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)A. Many of the partnerships act as virtual pharmaceutical companies, bringing together expertise from far a field. The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, for example, has drawn together basic research from academics in Venezuela, molecules from Japanese and French drugmakers, clinical trials in Ethiopia and manufacturing by Brazilian firms.B. However, it is not just poor countries that are missing out. For example, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics in industrialised countries as drag-resistant bacteria emerge. Yet antibiotic development—once the cornerstone of the drug industry—has fallen out of favour with Big Pharma firms because of scientific hurdles and regulatory requirements.C. A few big drugmakers, such as GSK and Novartis, which inherited an interest in tropical disease from their parent firms, have chosen to invest in at least early-stage R&D in malaria, tuberculosis and dengue, with a view to partnering later on. They are motivated mainly by philanthropy, but also want to polish their image and hope to sell to travellers and to a rising middle class in developing countries.D. Ask a big drug-company boss why he is in the business of making pharmaceuticals, and he will say he wants to "address unmet medical needs". But not all medical needs are equally attractive. Most of the 7,500-plus medicines currently in development by biotech and pharmaceutical companies are for chronic diseases of the rich world. At the same time, some of humanity"s nastiest afflictions get little attention. Tropical diseases, such as sleeping sickness or leishmaniasis, are a turn-off for drugmakers because they strike mainly in poor countries and offer little hope of an attractive return on investment. Of the 1,500 or so drugs launched over the past 30 years, fewer than 20 deal specifically with tropical disease.E. The question is how to get the products out of the pipeline and to the people who need them. Development costs can be lower than in Big Pharma, in part because clinical trials for diseases such as malaria can be smaller, faster and therefore cheaper to run than befor, say, Alzheimer"s disease. Even so, Christopher Hentschel head of the Medicines for Malaria Venture. reckons it will cost at least $100 to bring just ode of its products to market, so much more money is needed.F. One way of getting attention for neglected diseases is for patients to take action. For example, the ALS Therapy Development Foundation, started by James Heywood, whose brother was struck down by this neurodegenerative disease, is using its modest budget to test hundreds of compounds in mice and men m the hope of finding a treatment for ALS.G. Another route is to launch public-private partnerships. Drug companies contribute molecules, manpower and machines to not-for-profit groups that co-ordinate product development, funded mainly by private sources such as the Gates Foundation, with some government money. There are now about 20 such partnerships, focused on developing new drugs, vaccines or diagnostics for particular diseases of the developing world that will make them accessible to poor populations.Order: D is the first paragraph and E is the last.

When young people who want to be journalists ask me what subject they should study after leaving school, I tell them: "Anything except journalism or media studies". Most veterans of my trade would say the same. It is practical advice. For obvious reasons, newspaper editors like to employ people who can bring something other than a knowledge of the media to the party that we call our work. On The Daily Telegraph, for example, the editor of London Spy is a theologian by academic training. The obituaries editor is a philosopher. The editor of our student magazine, Juice, studied physics. As for myself, I read history, ancient and modern, at the taxpayer"s expense. I am not sure what Charles Clarke, the Education Secretary, would make of all this. If I understand him correctly, he would think that the public money spent on teaching this huge range of disciplines to the staff of The Daily Telegraph was pretty much wasted. The only academic course of which he would wholeheartedly approve in the list above would be physics, but then again, he would probably think it a terrible waste that Simon Hogg chose to edit Juice instead of designing aeroplanes or building nuclear reactors. By that, he seems to mean that everything taught at the public expense should have a direct, practical application that will benefit society and the economy. It is extremely alarming that the man in charge of Britain"s education system should think in this narrow-minded, half-witted way. The truth, of course, is that all academic disciplines benefit society and the economy, whether in a direct and obvious way or not. They teach students to think—to process information and to distinguish between what is important and unimportant, true and untrue. Above all, a country in which academic research and intelligent ideas are allowed to flourish is clearly a much more interesting, stimulating and enjoyable place than one without "ornaments", in which money and usefulness are all that count. Mr. Clarke certainly has a point when he says that much of what is taught in Britain"s universities is useless. But it is useless for a far more serious reason than that it lacks any obvious economic utility. As the extraordinarily high drop-out rate testifies, it is useless because it fails the first test of university teaching—that it should stimulate the interest of those being taught. When students themselves think that their courses are a waste of time and money, then a waste they are. The answer is not to cut off state funding for the humanities. It is to offer short, no nonsense vocational courses to those who want to learn a trade, and reserve university places for those who want to pursue an academic discipline. By this means, a great deal of wasted money could be saved and all students the academic and the no, so-academic—would benefit. What Mr. Clarke Seems to be proposing instead is an act of cultural vandalism that would rob Britain of all claim to be called a civilised country.

你得了感冒，仍在发烧，医生说你要卧床休息三天。你写一张假条向老师请假。 You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

(46) Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regarding economic activities and transactions. Individuals are free to make economic decisions concerning their employment, how to use or accumulate capital, what expenditures to make, and whether to use their resources now or to save them for later consumption. The principles underlying free-market economies can be traced to the 18th century British economist Adam Smith. (47) According to Smith, individuals acting in their own economic self-interest will maximize the economic situation of society as a whole, as if guided by an "invisible hand". In a free-market economy the government"s function is limited to providing what are known as "public goods" and performing a regulatory role in certain situations. (48) Public goods, which include defense, law and order, and education, have two characteristics; consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount of the goods left for others; and the benefits that an individual receives do not depend on that person"s contribution. An example is a lighthouse. One individual"s use of light provided by a lighthouse does not reduce the ability of others to use it. in addition, the lighthouse owner cannot restrict individuals from using the light. (49) The latter illustrates the "free-rider" phenomenon of public goods—both those who helped pay for the lighthouse and those who did not will enjoy the same amount of light. The "free-rider" problem can be eliminated if governments collect taxes and then provide public goods. Government"s role in a free-market economy also includes protecting private property, enforcing contracts, and regulating certain economic activities. Governments generally regulate "natural monopolies" such as utilities or rail service. Regulation is used in place of competition to prevent these monopolies from making excessive profits. Governments may also restrict economic freedom for the sake of protecting individual rights. Examples include laws that restrict child labor, or forbid the sale of unsafe goods. Proponents of free-market economies believe they provide a number of advantages. They see free-market economies al encouraging individual responsibility for decisions and they believe that economic freedom is essential to political freedom. In addition, many people believe that free markets are more efficient in economic terms. (50) Free markets provide incentives both to individuals to allocate resources such as labor and capital, among the most productive uses, and to firms to produce goods and services that the public want, using the most efficient means of production.

Let"s say a patient walks into my office and says he"s been feeling down for the past three weeks. A month ago, his fiancee left him for another man, and he feels there"s no point in going on. He has not been sleeping well, his appetite is poor and he has lost interest in nearly all of his usual activities. Should I give him a diagnosis of clinical depression? Or is my patient merely experiencing what the 14th-century monk Thomas a Kempis called "the proper sorrows of the soul"? The answer is more complicated than some critics of psychiatric diagnosis think. To these critics, psychiatry has medicalized normal sadness by failing to consider the social and emotional context in which people develop low mood for example, after losing a job or experiencing the breakup of an important relationship. This diagnostic failure, the argument goes, has created a bogus epidemic of increasing depression. In their recent book " The Loss of Sadness"(Oxford, 2007), Allan V. Horwitz and Jerome C. Wakefield assert that for thousands of years, symptoms of sadness that were "with cause" were separated from those that were "without cause". Only the latter were viewed as mental disorders. With the advent of modern diagnostic criteria, these authors argue, doctors were directed to ignore the context of the patient " s complaints and .focus only on symptoms—poor appetite, insomnia, low energy, hopelessness and so on. The current criteria for major depression, they say, largely fail to distinguish between "abnormal" reactions caused by "internal dysfunction" and "normal sadness" brought on by external circumstances. And they blame vested interests doctors, researchers, pharmaceutical companies for fostering this bloated concept of depression. Yes, most psychiatrists would concede that in the space of a brief "managed care" appointment, it" s very hard to understand much about the context of the patient"s depressive complaints. And yes, under such conditions, some doctors are tempted to write that prescription for Prozac or Zoloft and move on to the next patient. But the vexing issue of when bereavement or sadness becomes a disorder, and how it should be treated, requires much more study. Most psychiatrists believe that undertreatment of severe depression is a more pressing problem than overtreatment of "normal sadness". Until solid research persuades me otherwise, I will most likely see people like my jilted patient as clinically depressed, not just "normally sad"—and I will provide him with whatever psychiatric treatment he needs to feel better.

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book. (41)______. (42)______. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart"s content. If ii is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: "Can I help you, sir?" You needn"t buy anything you don"t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. (43)______. You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing—something which had oily vaguely interested you up till then. (44)______. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section. Booksellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent. (45)______. A medical student had to read a text-book which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldn"t obtain it from the library and the only copy he could find was in his bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and was about to leave when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to be told off, he went towards him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book, which was tucked away hidden in a corner. "I put it there in case anyone was tempted to buy it." he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.A. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop.B. The owner of the shop didn"t care much about the selling of the book, but hoped that thestudent could finish his reading.C. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire discreetly and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.D. There is a story which illustrates this.E. You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment—without buying a book, of course.F. You may find much difference between a bookshop and a department store. A bookshop is quiet and the assistant never disturbs you when you pick up a book and begin to browse it, while in a department store, the assistant never hesitates to come to introduce loudly the products you show interest.G. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting, that you just had to buy it.

BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B

What if architects could build living systems rather than static buildings — dynamic structures that modify their internal and external forms in response to changes in their environment? This provocative idea is making waves in the field of architecture. Houses, for example, might shrink in the winter to reduce surface area and volume, thus cutting heating costs. They could cover themselves to escape the heat of the summer sun or shake snow off the roof in winter. Skyscrapers could alter their aerodynamic profiles, swaying slightly to distribute increased loads during hurricanes. Such " responsive architecture" would depend on two sorts of technology: control systems capable of deciding what to do, and structural components able to change the building"s shape as required. Architects have been working to improve the control systems in buildings for many years, but shapeshifting technology is at a much earlier stage of development. One approach being pursued by researchers is to imitate nature. Many natural constructions, including spiders" webs and cell membranes, are "tensegrity systems" — robust structures made up of many interconnected elements which can be manipulated to change shape without losing their structural integrity. "These structures can bend and twist, but no element in the structure bends and twists," says Robert Skelton of the Structural Systems and Control Laboratory at the University of California in San Diego. "It"s the architecture of life." While Dr Skelton is working on solving the engineering equations associated with tensegrity systems, Tristan d" Estree Sterk at the Office for Robotic Architectural Media adjusting their configuration to change the building"s shape. Mr. Sterk is also developing the "brain" needed to control such a building based on information from internal and external sensors. Cars are already capable of monitoring their own performance and acting with a certain degree of autonomy, from cruise-control systems to airbag sensors. Such responsive behaviour is considered normal for a car; architects argue that the same sort of ideas should be incorporated into buildings, too. And just as the performance of a car can be simulated in advance to choose the best design for a range of driving conditions, the same should be done for buildings, argues Gian Carlo Magnoli, an architect and the co-director of the Kinetic Design Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is devising blueprints for responsive houses. "We need to evolve designs for the best performing responsive-building models," he says. So will we end up with cities of skyscrapers that wave in the breeze? It sounds crazy. But, says Mr. Sterk, many ideas that were once considered crazy are now commonplace. "Electricity was a batty idea, but now it"s universal, " he says. "Dynamic, intelligent, adaptable buildings are the logical next step, " he claims.

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. The taking of the Bastille fortress, a symbol of arbitrary royal authority, was undoubtedly of revolutionary importance, in terms of weakening the monarchy and legitimising popular defiance. But other days have a fair claim to historic symbolism too: August 26th 1789, when the Declaration of the Rights of Man was adopted, for instance, or August 10th 1792, when the Tuileries Palace was stormed and the monarchy suspended. Besides, the commemoration of July 14th scarcely began in revolutionary spirit. At a military fete to mark its first anniversary in 1790, and to celebrate the new constitutional settlement, the Marquis de Lafayette, a French general, swore an oath "to be forever faithful to the Nation, to the Law and to the King". Dismayed, Jean-Paul Marat, a radical journalist and politician, described the proceedings that day as "shameful", adding: "The Revolution, as yet, has been merely a sorrowful dream for the people!" As Mr. Prendergast recalls, the fall of the Bastille was not quite the stuff of epic myth. Strictly speaking, the prison was not "taken"; the mob surged into its inner courtyard only after the governor, the Marquis de Launay, had offered a surrender. Although the crowd was primarily in search of arms, it found just seven prisoners to be freed. 47． "Happenstance, paranoia and random violence" characterised the event, with rumour and counter-rumour fuelling acts of ferocious brutality. Launay himself was dragged out by the mob, his body ripped to shreds and his head hacked off by a cook with a kitchen knife, before being stuck on a pike for public view. Napoleon Bonaparte abolished the July 14th celebration altogether. It was not resurrected as "Bastille Day" until 1880, nearly a century after the original events. The idea then, proposed by Benjamin Raspail, a deputy, was to create a "national festival", as part of a republican package that also included adopting " La Marseillaise" as the French national anthem. Composed by Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle, a young engineer stationed with the army of the Rhine, it was written in a single night in 1792．In 1880 the deputies argued passionately about which date to pick for the " national festival ". 48． Nobody, as Mr Prendergast points out, proposed September 22nd 1792, the actual date of the founding of the first French republic, for fear of legitimising the Terror that it unleashed. July 14th was thus a political compromise. It merged the revolutionary message of 1789 with that of unity and reconciliation expressed by the anniversary fete of 1790．49． Partly to help heal the wounds of defeat in the Franco-Prussian war, Bastille Day was given a military theme which lasts to this day, and wrapped up in nationalist imagery "the union of army and nation under the flag". Since then, at various moments of crisis in French history, Bastille Day has been invested with differing messages, according to the needs of the time: working-class solidarity and revolutionary promise for the Front Populaire and the government of Leon Blum in 1936; liberation from occupation and the resistance-as-revolution myth in 1945．Today, it is mostly pageantry, with a lingering touch of popular festivity. 50． But Mr Prendergast cannot conceal his scorn for what, he considers, has become "an altogether shoddier affair, progressively mummified into formal ritual orchestrated by assorted dignitaries" and "media kitsch". For the French these days, he concludes a little too cruelly, it is perhaps above all regarded as "essentially a day off work".

One of the oldest seafaring ships in the world has been reconstructed after seven years" patient archaeological work. The ship, a 60-foot sailing vessel, sank off the coast of Cyprus in the days of Alexander the Great around the year 300 B.C. Its discovery and restoration have now thrown new light on the ancient trade routes and shipbuilding techniques. What makes the Cyprus ship so informative is the remarkable state of preservation—mainly due to an unusual feature of its design. The hull was sheathed on the outside with lead that was fixed to the timber with bronze tacks which helped the wooden frame survive 2000 years under the sea. The first clue to the wreck"s existence came in 1964 when a sponge diver from the present-day resort of Kyrenia came across a pole of amphorae(ancient storage jugs). Unfortunately his diving air supply ran out just at that moment, so that he had no time to mark the spot. It took him three years and hundreds of dives before he chanced upon them again. He reported his find to an underwater archaeological team from the University of Pennsylvania which was surveying the Cypriot coasts for wrecks. After checking his description, the team decided to concentrate their resources on the Kyrenia ship, and over the next two years a team of no fewer that 50 archaeologists and divers took part in the excavation. With the help of a metal detector, the team discovered that wreckage lay scattered over a 2000-square-foot area, often buried beneath sand and sea-weed. Each item was carefully photographed in its place, and a system of plastic grids stretched over the whole site so that it could be accurately mapped. More than 400 amphorae lay buried in the sand. The ship had been carrying a cargo of wine and almonds. More than 9000 of these were found in or nearby the amphorae, their outer shells still perfectly preserved. As well as these, there were 29 stone grain mills, being carried both as cargo and as ballast. These were carefully stored in three rows parallel to the axis of the keel. As well as the main cargo, there were other small finds. Four wooden spoons, four oil jugs, four salt dishes and four drinking cups suggested the number of crew on the ship s last voyage. There was an axe, and near the intricately carved mast lay a wooden pulley, used to raise and lower the yard. A bronze cauldron, used perhaps to prepare the crew"s meals was also lying in the wreck. Of five bronze coins found, none dated earlier than 306 B.C. Carbon-14 analysis of the almond cargo pinpointed their date at about 288 B.C., but that of the ship"s planking suggested an earlier of 370 B.C. Thus the Kyrenia ship was more than 80 years old the day she sank-a long life for a wooden hull and proof of the good craftsmanship of her builder.

We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, arid that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be "beyond dispute". We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the "place" appropriate to each. Women"s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, "cared, nurtured and conserved". To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.Notes:immutable 不可改变的。dualism 双重论。divergence 分歧，偏离。overlapping 部分重合、一致。time-honored 由来已久的。dichotomy 一分为二，对立。sequester 使隔离。be caught up in 被缠住于，如：He is caught up in the trivia (琐事) of everyday things, unduly 过度地，不恰当地。

In October 2002, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank (1)_____ a new electronic market (www.gs.com/econderivs) for economic indices that (2)_____ substantial economic risks, such as nonfarm payroll (a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market was made possible by a (3)_____ trading technology, developed by Longitude, a New York company providing software for financial markets, (4)_____ the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction. This is "digital" (5)_____ of a digital option: i.e., it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In effect, Longitude has created a horse race, where each "horse" wins if and (6)_____ the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every possible (7)_____ of the index, and allowing people to bet (8)_____ any number of runners, the company has produced a liquid integrated electronic market for a wide array of options on economic indices. Ten years ago it was (9)_____ impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortgage lenders have online automated valuation models that allow them to estimate values and to (10)_____ the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proliferation of types of home loan, some of (11)_____ have improved risk-management characteristics. We are also beginning to see new kinds of (12)_____ for homes, which will make it possible to protect the value of (13)_____, for most people, is the single most important (14)_____ of their wealth. The Yale University-Neighbourhood Reinvestment Corporation programme, (15)_____ last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York State, may be a model for home-equity insurance policies that (16)_____ sophisticated economic indices of house prices to define the (17)_____ of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometric indices of house prices by city, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now (18)_____ developed in the United States, will enable home-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these policies. These examples are not impressive successes yet. But they (19)_____ as early precursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequality that (20)_____ will beset us in coming years.

The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar "tombstone" that lists where you went to school and where you've worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the "functional" resume—descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview. It's handy to have a "tombstone" for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested "tombstone" lists preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead. What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read—a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers. 1. Put yourself first: In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself. 2. Sell what you can do, not who you are: Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work. Toot your own horn! Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch—if only you show it. 3. Be specific, be concrete, and be brief! Remember that "brevity is the best policy." 4. Turn bad news into good: Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side. 5. Never apologize: If you're returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph(summary of background)in place of a chronology of experience. Don't apologize for working at being a mother: it's the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just don't mention education. The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Don't worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments(leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.)Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you're ready to show it to a stranger(friends are usually too kind)for a reaction. When you're satisfied, send it to a printer: a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right. Isn' t that the kind of person you' d want working for you? [A]A woman who lost her job as a teacher' s aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote: "Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher's aide she would rehire if government funds became available." [B]One resume I received included the following: "invited by my superior to straighten out our organization's accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 percent. Rewarded with raise and promotion." Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward—all in 34 words. [C]For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills. [D]An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement "Ready to learn though not so well educated." [E]One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote three resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background. [F]A woman once told me abmit a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She' d agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn't in her resume. She answered, "It wasn't important." What she was really saying of course was "I'm not important."

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome's main avenues. Italy's political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome. Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for "a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence." So far, action to improve women's opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining. "But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough," says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for works. Women, who constitute 52 percent of Italy's population, today represent only 35 percent of Italy's total workforce and 33 percent of the total number of Italian with jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or woman. Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers , engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaners. However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes? Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft, accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear, and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion-if only they had access to this information. And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS), in Europe and Japan respectively, pipe data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda, a Japanese carmaker, even combines VICS data with position data from 150,000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road, says David Schrier of ABI Research, a consultancy. Meanwhile ITIS, a British company, is one of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator"s network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are "handed off" from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists, but this idea has great potential, says Mr. Schrier. Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond, Washing ton, at the headquarters of Microsoft, employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts, by e-mail or text message, warning them of impending traffic jam. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modeling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends, weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft, who developed the system, says it is accurate 75% of the time, and 3, 000 employees use it daily. A system called Beat-the-Traffic, developed by Triangle Software of Campbell, California, with funding from the National Science Foundation, goes further. It not only warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec, the firm"s boss, thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed, in June, KXTV News 10, a TV station in Sacramento, California, began showing Triangle"s traffic forecasts for the coming week.