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We are all compassionate in one way or another; at times selective. Expressing compassion is inherently characteristic of us. Phenomenal tasks have been accomplished, oceans and mountains have been trekked across, and lives have been drastically altered because of compassion. It is our truest expression of love. Developing it as a way of life takes time, patience, and the enlightenment of our spirit. We are here for our lifetime and ultimately we will die. In our lifetime we should strive to build character, develop good moral qualities, and be in tuned with our world and its needs. In order to be compassionate, we must put ourselves in "another"s shoes" and ask ourselves this question, "If it were me, what would I need or how would I feel?" Each day should be a learning experience for us. As we encounter different types of individuals we find that some we seem to bond to naturally because of similar interest, ethnic background or other reasons. It is easy to love them like a family member or friend. But what about a stranger, coworker or neighbor who are different from us; one with different interests or one who may be just a difficult individual to get along with? Over time, we must learn to accept differences. Over time we must learn that an individual"s actions are effects of experiences. It is these individuals who test our compassion. Love is the key factor that builds the foundation for compassion. First, we must know what love is. For if we do not know love, how could we love another? Once we develop love within ourselves we realize the goodness it creates and the wonderful satisfaction it produces. We all desire love. Expressing it fills a void for the receiver and giver. We must work at becoming tolerant and understanding to those who are different or towards those we dislike and realize that we are all individuals, each with a special uniqueness. Some may not be open to your expression of love. That is okay because others will learn from your actions. We live on the same earth, we breathe the same air, eat the same foods produced from our earth, sleep under the same sun, moon and stars. We are a family and should practice brotherly love. Compassion is not condoning to another" s belief and behaviors. It is simply being sympathetic and understanding towards one another. By loving unconditionally, compassion follows. All you have to do is spread your love.

One reason human beings can thrive in all kinds of climates is that they can control the qualities of the air in the enclosed spaces in which they live. Air conditioning is the use of mechanical systems to 【B1】______ that control in such places【B2】______homes, offices, theaters, institutions, factories, airplanes, and automobiles. The most familiar type of air conditioning is summertime cooling. Although important, this is【B3】______one of several aspects of air conditioning. Other applications【B4】______the control of the humidity (or air moisture), cleanliness, circulation of the air, and heating. Tests have 【B5】______ that people generally feel best 【B6】______ certain temperature, humidity, and air velocity conditions. Temperatures can 【B7】______ from 21.5°C with 70 percent relative humidity to 28 °C with 30 percent relative humidity. Relative humidity is the 【B8】______ of moisture in the air 【B9】______ a specific temperature compared【B10】______the amount it could hold at that temperature.【B11】______air velocities range from 4.5 to 10.5 meters per minute. It is also desirable that an air conditioner【B12】______dust, pollen, smoke, and odors from the air. In many industrial environments, air conditioning is essential. Most print shops, for example, 【B13】______constant humidity in order to control paper shrinkage and【B14】______the【B15】______operation in some processes. Libraries, especially ones with rare books, require air control to【B16】______the physical quality of their collections. Bakeries and the tobacco and cotton industries require high humidity【B17】______their products, and perishables such as fruits must be stored in cool, dry rooms. Some electronic components, drugs, and chemicals must be manufactured【B18】______the air is as free as possible【B19】______dust and other particles. Air conditioning is【B20】______in hospitals, especially in operating rooms.

BPart B/B

I wonder when we can start this new project.

It may turn out that the "digital divide"—one of the most fashionable political slogans of recent years—is largely fiction. As you will recall, the argument went well be-yond the unsurprising notion that the rich would own more computers than the poor. The disturbing part of the theory was that society was dividing itself into groups of technology "haves" and "have-nots" and that this segregation would, in turn, worsen already large economic inequalities. It is this argument that is either untrue or wildly exaggerated. We should always have been suspicious. After all, computers have spread quickly because they have become cheaper to buy and easier to use. Falling prices and skill requirements suggest that the digital divide would spontaneously shrink—and so it has. Now, a new study further discredits the digital divide. The study, by economists David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, challenges the notion that computers have significantly worsened wage inequality. The logic of how this supposedly happens is straightforward: computers raise the demand for high-skilled workers, increasing their wages. Meanwhile, computerization—by automating many routine tasks—reduces the demand for low-skilled workers and, thereby, their wages. The gap between the two widens. Superficially, wage statistics support the theory. Consider the ratio between workers near the top of the wage distribution and those near the bottom. Computerization increased; so did the wage gap. But wait, point out Card and DiNardo. The trouble with blaming computers is that the worsening of inequality occurred primarily in the early 1980s. With computer use growing, the wage gap should have continued to expand, if it was being driven by a shifting demand for skills. Indeed, Card and DiNardo find much detailed evidence that contradicts the theory. They conclude that computerization does not explain "the rise in U.S. wage inequality in the last quarter of the 20th century." The popular perception of computers" impact on wages is hugely overblown. Lots of other influences count for as much, or more. The worsening of wage inequality in the early 1980s, for example, almost certainly reflected the deep 1981-82 recession and the fall of inflation. Companies found it harder to raise prices. To survive, they concluded that they had to hold down the wages of their least skilled, least mobile and youngest workers. The "digital divide" suggested a simple solution (computers) for a complex problem (poverty). With more computer access, the poor could escape their lot. But computers never were the source of anyone"s poverty and, as for escaping, what people do for themselves matters more than what technology can do for them.

A Letter to Express Compliments Write a letter of about 100 words based on the following situation: A typhoon swept across Taiwan, and the students in your university actively took part in the donation activities. As the chairman of the Student Union, write a letter to the kindhearted students to express your gratitude and compliments. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

One of the odd things about some business organizations is that they spend so much money to lure new customers and spend so little to keep them after they"ve been landed. It just doesn"t make sense. Taking customers for granted is routine in some larger organizations, where mere bigness generates an attitude of indifference. Loyal customers are an organization"s only protection against bankruptcy, and losing them because of neglect or indifference is downright sinful. Not only do satisfied customers continue to fatten the till, they often encourage others to buy. This is advertising that doesn"t cost a penny. And although there are always problems in giving good service to customers, maintaining their patronage(光顾) isn"t all that difficult. It"s a matter of attitude, of believing that everyone who buys from you is entitled to the best treatment you can deliver. Plus giving just a little more than you have to. We said there are always problems in giving good service to customers. The reason, of course, is that no organization is perfect, and there"s many a slip: unreasonable delays in filling orders, shipping the wrong merchandise, failing to answer letters promptly, and so on. Sometimes these errors or failures can"t be helped. For example, if you can"t get parts because of material shortages or a transportation strike, customers may be denied the goods they"ve ordered. And not infrequently the customer is to blame—for example, failing to clearly identify the article or service required. Yet no matter who is at fault, customers whom you value highly should generally be given the benefit of the doubt. Note that we said "customers whom you value highly." The old saying(格言) goes that all customers should be treated alike is a myth. Customers who repeatedly place large orders and pay for them will naturally, get more attention than those who buy infrequently and have to be badgered to pay what they owe. However, you have to make the assumption that all customers are good unless proved otherwise.

Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe' s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards. The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up. Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family? "Personally, I don't like quotas," Reding said recently. "But I like what the quotas do." Quotas get action: they "open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling, " according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions. I understand Reding's reluctance—and her frustration. I don't like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered. After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions—no matter how much "soft pressure" is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example , Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule. If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children' s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

When enthusiasts talk of sustainable development, the eyes of most people glaze over. There is a whiff of sack-cloth and ashes about their arguments, which usually depend on people giving up the comforts of a modern economy to achieve some debatable greater good. Yet there is a serious point at issue. Modern industry pollutes, and it also seems to cause significant changes to the climate. What is needed is an industry that delivers the benefits without the costs. And the glimmerings of just such an industry can now be discerned. That industry is based on biotechnology. At the moment, biotech"s main uses are in medicine and agriculture. But its biggest long-term impact may be industrial. Here, it will diminish demand for oil by taking the cheapest raw materials imaginable, carbon dioxide and water, and using them to make fuel and plastics. Plastics and fuels made in this way would have several advantages. They could accurately be called "renewables", since nothing is depleted to make them. They would be part of the natural carbon cycle, borrowing that element from the atmosphere for a few months, and returning it when they were burned or dumped. That means they could not possibly contribute to global warming. And they would be environmentally friendly in other ways. Bioplastics are biodegradable, since bacteria understand their chemistry and can therefore digest them. Biofuels, while not quite "zero emission" from the exhaust pipe (though a lot cleaner than petrol and diesel), would be cleaner overall even than the fuel-cell technology now being touted as an alternative to the internal-combustion engine. That is because making the hydrogen that fuel cells use is not an environmentally friendly process, and never will be—unless it, too, uses biotechnology. All this will, in the end, depend on costs. But these do not look unfavorable. Already, the price of bioplastics overlaps the top end of the petroleum-based plastics market. Bulk production should bring prices down, particularly when the raw materials are free. Meanwhile, ethanol would be a lot easier to introduce than fuel cells. Existing engines will run on it with minor tweaking, so there is no need to change the way cars are made. And since, unlike hydrogen, it is a liquid, the fuel-distribution infrastructure would not need radical change. The future could be green in ways that traditional environmentalists had not expected. Whether they will embrace that possibility, or stick to sack-cloth, remains to be seen.

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire' s flowers of evil. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!"commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It' s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.

Yasuhisa Shizoki, a 51-year old MP from Japan"s ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), starts tapping his finger on the dismal economic chart on his coffee table. "Unless we change the decision-making process," he says bluntly, "we are not going to be able to solve this kind of problem." With the economy in such a mess, it may seem a bit of a diversion to be trying to sort out Japan"s political structures as well as its economic problems. Since co-writing a report on political reform, which was released by an LDP panel last week, Mr. Shiozaki has further upset the party"s old guard. Its legionaries, flanked by columns of the bureaucracy, continue to hamper most attempts to overhaul the economy. Junichiro Koizumi was supposed to change all that, by going over their heads and appealing directly to the public. Yet nearly a year after becoming prime minister, Mr. Koizumi has precious little to show for his efforts. His popularity is now flagging and his determination is increasingly in doubt. As hopes of immediate economic reform fade, optimists are focusing on another potential benefit of Mr. Koizumi"s tenure. They hope that his highly personalized style of leadership will pave the way for a permanent change in Japanese politics: towards more united and authoritative cabinets that are held directly accountable for their policies. As that hap pens, the thinking goes, real economic reforms will be able to follow. Unfortunately, damage limitation in the face of scandal too often substitutes for real reform. More often, the scandals serve merely as distractions. What is really needed is an overhaul of the rules themselves. A leading candidate for change is the 40-year-old system—informal but religiously followed—through which the LDP machinery vets every bill before it ever gets to parliament. Most legislation starts in the LDP"s party committees, which mirror the parliamentary committee structure. Proposals then go through two higher LDP bodies, which hammer out political deals to smooth their passage. Only then does the prime minister"s cabinet get fully involved in approving the policy. Most issues have been decided by the LDP mandarins long before they reach this point, let alone the floor of parliament, leaving even the prime minister limited influence, and allowing precious little room for public debate and even less for accountability. As a result, progress will probably remain slow. Since they know that political reform leads to economic reform, and hence poses a threat to their interests, most of the LDP will resist any real changes. But at least a handful of insiders have now bought into one of Mr. Koizumi"s best slogans: "Change the LDP, change Japan."

It is no more than a beginning.

Combining animal and human genes provokes unease among some philosophers, theologians, and ordinary citizens. Currently, scientists want to inject the nuclei of human cells into animal eggs— generally from cows and rabbits—that have been stripped of their nuclei to create cell hybrids, or cybrids. No one knows if such cybrid embryos might grow into human babies if implanted in an appropriate womb. Would such cybrid babies suffer some physical or mental problems as a result of their animal genetic heritage? The real risks of creating physically and mentally diminished human beings mean that it would be immoral to grow human-animal cybrids into full-term babies. But let"s flip the question—instead of diminishing humans, what about uplifting animals by boosting their intelligence and physical dexterity? Would it be wrong to uplift animals and make them happy slaves? Creating happy uplifted animal slaves faces two chief moral objections. First, I would not want to be a happy slave. If I wouldn"t want to be one then I assume no one else, including uplifted animals, would want to be. Second, a society dependent on happy slaves would be morally corrosive. So why wouldn"t I want to be a happy slave—after all I would be, by definition, happy. I reject happy servitude because I don" t want limitations placed on my capacities and my aspirations. But of course, my genes and environment have already limited my intellectual and physical capacities and aspirations. However, living as a human discontented with my shortcomings, I know that it is "Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven". When sufficient progress has been made later this century, I hope to have the power of choosing how to use new technologies to enhance my capacities and even at the risk of overwhelming and destroying my own identity. On the point of moral corrosion, consider the plot of The Planet of the Apes. What has happened is that the humans uplifted the apes and became so dependent upon their simian servants that their intellects decayed. There are, of course, lots of confounding factors, but history features no economically and technologically robust slave-holding civilizations. In any case, I suspect humanity will become deeply integrated with our increasingly powerful computational technologies so that happy animal slaves will be basically useless anyway. A rich speculative literature makes it clear that there are a plenty of ways in which uplift technologies could be misused or go awry, but there is no bright moral line forbidding the uplift of animals to human-level intelligence. Successfully uplifted animals would have to be treated with the same moral respect that we owe to human persons.

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Cardiologists have pioneered the world"s first non-surgical bypass operation to turn a vein into an artery using a new technique to divert blood flow in a man with severe heart disease. (41)______. Although major heart surgery is becoming commonplace, with more than 28,000 bypass operations in the UK annually, it is traumatic for patients and involves a long recovery period. The new technique was carried out by an international team of doctors who performed the non-invasive surgery on a 53-year-old German patient. (42)______. According to a special report in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association, cardiologists developed a special catheter(导管) which was inserted into one of his leg arteries, threaded up through the aorta(主动脉) to the top of the diseased artery, which was the only part still open and receiving blood. (43)______. A thin, flexible wire was threaded through the needle and the needle and catheter were with-drawn, leaving the wire behind and a small angioplasty(血管成形术) balloon, which was used to widen the channel. Finally, the vein was blocked off just above the new channel allowing blood from the artery to be re-routed down the vein. (44)______. Dr. Stephen Oasterle, who led the team, said: "This milestone marks the first coronary artery bypass performed with a catheter. The technology offers a realistic hope for truly minimally invasive bypass procedures in the future". Dr. Oasterle is director of cardiology at Massachusetts General Hospital and associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Melanie Haddon, cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said it was likely to be many years before the procedure was routinely used in hospitals. "Non-invasive surgery, such as this new method, could help minimize the risks, bringing great benefits to the patient". A clot-busting drug combined with 10-minute spurts of exercise has been found to grow new blood vessels in children with heart disease. (45)______. X-rays showed that over a five month period a network of tiny new blood vessels formed in two of the patients. In all seven individuals, the treatment was associated with improved blood flow to the heart muscle in the areas around the blockage.A. In every case, the therapy increased the size of the blocked artery allowing more blood to pass through.B. The diabetic patient, who has not been named, had suffered severe chest pains because one of his coronary arteries was severely blocked and depriving his heart muscle of oxygen, but he was considered by doctors to be unsuitable for traditional bypass surgery.C. Then, guided by ultra-sound a physician pushed a needle from inside the catheter through the artery wall and into the adjacent vein.D. The keyhole procedure, which avoids the extensive invasive surgery of a conventional bypass, will offer hope to tens of thousands of people at risk from heart attacks. Coronary heart disease, where the arteries are progressively silted up with fatty deposits, is responsible in a major industrial country like Britain for more than 160,000 deaths each year.E. After the procedure, the vein effectively became an artery, carrying blood in the reverse direction from the previous way, and feeding the starved heart tissue with oxygen.F. Researchers in Japan studied seven children and teenagers, aged 6 to 19, who had a totally blocked artery and could not be helped by surgery. They were asked to exercise on a bicycle ma-chine twice a day for 10 days and given the anti-clotting drug before each session.G. It is very premature to suggest that this technique will significantly reduce the need for coronary bypass surgery in the near future. It won"t be a solution for everyone. The reality is that veins are not always located that close to an artery, so it wouldn"t work under certain circumstances.

You are the organizer of a tour and you should give a notice to tell the tourists something about it. It should include: 1) Where is the destination of the tour? 2) What should the tourists pay attention to? You should write about 100 words.