单选题 Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. At the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent{{U}} (31) {{/U}}of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was invented, or by whom. But it began to be{{U}} (32) {{/U}}in the early 1900s. Jazz is America's contribution to popular music. In contrast to classical music, which{{U}} (33) {{/U}}formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, expressing the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz{{U}} (34) {{/U}}like America, and as it does today. The{{U}} (35) {{/U}}of this music are as interesting as the music itself. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to Southern States{{U}} (36) {{/U}}slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long{{U}} (37) {{/U}}. When a Negro died, his friend and relatives{{U}} (38) {{/U}}a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a baud often accompanied the procession. On the way to the cemetery (墓地) the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. {{U}}(39) {{/U}}on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their{{U}} (40) {{/U}}, but the livings were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising (即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes presented at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.

单选题Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You"re supposed to remember something, but you haven"t encoded it deeply. " Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don"t pay attention to what you did because you"re involved in a conversation, you"ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). "Your memory itself isn"t failing you," says Schacter. "Rather, you didn"t give your memory system the information it needed. " Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. " Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don"t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness; walking into a room and wondering why you"re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you"ll likely remember. (295 words)

单选题in its 14 years of ______ the European Union has earned the scorn of its citizens and skepticism from the United States. A. endurance B. emergence C. existence D. eminence

单选题Woman: I need to buy a wedding gift for Jane and Desler. Man: Should we stop at the shopping center? Woman: ______. The wedding"s not until next week, but I won"t have time later to get them anything.

单选题 Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts, but only because they's been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe. Now lions hold a small fraction of their former habitat, and Asiatic lions, a subspecies that spit from African lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory. India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a 560-square-mile sanctuary (保护区). It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest-and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness. A tiger will hide in the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraid—lionhearted. Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir's lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It's odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Gir has as many lions as it can hold—too many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That's one reason India is creating a second sanctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 a serious disease killed more than a third of Africa's Serengeti lions—a thousand animals—a fate that could easily happen to Gir's cats. These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. "If you do a DNA test, Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins," says Stephen O' Brien, a geneticist (基因学家) who has studied them. Yet the dangers are hidden, and you wouldn't suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions display vitality, and no small measure of charm. Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it's time to eat, meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affairs. For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer, or a young male eating an antelope(羚羊), there's no need to fight for a cut of the kill. The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those in Africa, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well.

单选题Copernicus maintained that the earth ______ round the sun. A. moves B. moved C. moving D. move

单选题After the divorce, he began to feel tired and resigned and did not want to do anything else but ______ himself to drinking.

单选题I really appreciate ______ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage it myself. A. you to come B. that you come C. your coming D. how you come

单选题He ______ his father's office several times this morning, but each time the line was engaged.

单选题An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality (1) our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are (2) . Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, (3) being seen. There is a type of authority which can be (4) from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. (5) there is movement and action, the true leader is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the (6) for anecdotes, whether true or (7) . One of the simplest devices is to be absent (8) the occasion when the leader might be (9) to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business (10) has detained him. To (11) up for this. he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display (12) things which other folks might (13) as trivial. With this gift for (14) curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is (15) in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all (16) is relevant. He never leaves a party (17) he has mentally formed a minimum dossier(档案)on (18) present, ensuring that he knows (19) to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen (20) talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof.

单选题Sally Kemmerer has, so far, escaped Northern California's rolling blackouts. But up on the roof for her Oakland home, workers are tapping into, perhaps, the most reliable power source, the sun. It could mean no more worries about blackouts or power rates. Sally Kemmerer, a homeowner, says, "I hope that we'll be able to zero out, you know, our electric bill. I mean that's definitely our goal." Turning the sun's rays into electricity is, of course, nothing new. But California's power crisis has cast a new light on the technology. Gary Gerber, a solar power contractor, says, "I might have been getting three phone calls a week a couple of months ago. I'm getting six a day now, it's completely crazy." Alternative energy is even more attractive, thanks to a state rebate program. So far this month, California's energy commission has received 200 project applications. That is more than the number of applications all last year. Putting in a solar roof is still a relatively expensive proposition. This project cost around 45,000 dollars. Even taking into account the state subsidy of 12,000 dollars, that leaves a net cost to the homeowner of around 33,000 dollars. Sally says, "We were happy to find out that, eventually, the system should pay for itself, you know 20-years, maybe." Aaron Wellendorf has had a p-v (or photovoltaic generator) for more than a year. Like most solar systems, his is not off the grid completely and the utility still kicks in at night, or when there's no sun. But when there is bright light, things change. Wellendorf says, "I'm turning my meter backward with extra power that I'm generating." Backward? That's right! Wellendorf's meter tracks how much power goes back into the utility grid. Last year all he paid for electricity was a service charge. That charge was around five dollars a month. In fact, even after powering his super-efficient household appliances and his converted electric track, Wellendorf generated a net surplus of more than 2,000-kilowatt hours. Unfortunately, state law doesn't require the utility to pay him for that. Wellendorf says, "I don't get it in money, I just get the satisfaction of helping out the power grid." And, he gets the satisfaction of being energy self-sufficient.

单选题Beth: You look a little pale. Are you OK? Jerry: ______, I feel terrible. A. To speak out B. To begin with C. To sum up D. To tell you the truth

单选题How many members are involved in the band?

单选题As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures______ for our defense.

单选题Customer: ______ Salesperson: I"m awfully sorry. I"ll change it right away.

单选题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation. A. leaves B. has left C. is to leave D. is to be left

单选题 Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices, {{U}}(1) {{/U}} that businesses were still protecting consumers {{U}}(2) {{/U}} the full brunt(冲击) of higher energy costs. The Producer Price Index, {{U}}(3) {{/U}} measures what producers receive for goods and services, {{U}}(4) {{/U}} 1 percent in July, the Labor Department reported yesterday, double {{U}}(5) {{/U}} economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in June. Excluding {{U}}(6) {{/U}} and energy, the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent, {{U}}(7) {{/U}} than the 0.1 percent that economists had {{U}}(8) {{/U}} . Much of that increase was a result of an {{U}}(9) {{/U}} increase in car and truck prices. On Tuesday, the Labor Department said the {{U}}(10) {{/U}} that consumers paid for goods and services in July were {{U}}(11) {{/U}} 0.5 percent over all, and up 0.1 percent, excluding food and energy. {{U}} 12 {{/U}} the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices {{U}}(13) {{/U}} caused by energy costs, which increased 4.4 percent in the month. (Wholesale food prices {{U}}(14) {{/U}} 0.3 percent in July.) {{U}}(15) {{/U}} July 2004, wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent; the core rate {{U}}(16) {{/U}} 2.8 percent, its fastest pace since 1995. Typically, increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similar changes in the consumer index {{U}}(17) {{/U}} businesses recoup(补偿) higher costs from customers. {{U}}(18) {{/U}} for much of this expansion, which started {{U}}(19) {{/U}} the end of 2001, that has not been the {{U}}(20) {{/U}} In fact, many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products.

单选题 So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that "reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible. " Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for Children. " When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

单选题______ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours. A. At B. With C. On D. During

单选题As America's prison population has exploded, hard-pressed officials have relied on private prisons to house about 5 percent of the nation's 1.7 million prisoners. But a number of recent incidents have strengthened accusations that for-profit prisons do not always measure up on security and reliability. A judge ordered a Youngstown, Ohio, prison for criminals from Washington, D. C. to remove violent prisoners after 13 stabbings(刺伤案), two of them fatal. Colorado closed a center for teen lawbreakers after a suicide and evidence that prisoners had been abused. Tennessee legislators have now put on hold a plan to privatize most of that state's prison system. Last week, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees issued a report charging that private prisons save taxpayers little money and are full of waste and deception (欺骗). The union accused some firms of persuading public officials for profitable contracts and then running substandard facilities. Nashville-based Corrections Corp of America, a privatization leader, insists it can cut costs and operate high-quality prisons. A spokeswoman blanked some problems at its Youngstown unit on errors by Washington, D.C. officials and said the new report reflects union fears of "change and a loss of power". A new test is shaping up in the capital: Congress has voted to put 2 000 more local prisoners in private prisons by mid-1999.