单选题 Directions: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four suggested answers. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.{{B}}11-15{{/B}} Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor. He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England. "One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them. " Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4800 pins a worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new, it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.

单选题Text 2 Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with its some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is "intelligent." Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D.—Nervous Break Down. "Intelligent" people do not have N.B.D.s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives. You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events that present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.

单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} In July 1994, the comet(彗星) Shoemaker-Levy 9 smashed into the planet Jupiter. For the first time, humans were able to witness exactly what happens when a celestial(天空的) body collides with a planet and it quickly became clear that survival was no longer entirely a question of being the "fittest". A new factor had been introduced into evolution: the ability to survive a collision between the earth and an asteroid (小行星) or comet. To most people, the risk remains academic. With all the dangers humans face -- sickness, accidents- it is understandable that people don't take seriously the risks posed by something that hasn't happened for 65 million years and may not happen for another 65 million years. However, many scientists believe that collisions between the earth and celestial bodies cannot be regarded as "just another risk". The main reason for this is that no other disaster -- except perhaps a nuclear war -- has the potential to destroy human civilization completely. Even the worst floods and earthquakes affect only a very small percentage of the earth's surface and population. But the effects of an impact caused by a celestial body of just ten kilometers in diameter would make humans extinct, along with most of the world's other animals and plants. The danger comes from asteroids and comets which cross the earth's orbit. Asteroids pose a greater danger because they are more numerous. Those less than 100 meters in diameter are not usually regarded as a threat bemuse most are destroyed by heat as they enter the earth's atmosphere and so never reach the ground. It is those asteroids with diameters of one kilometer or more which pose the greatest threat.

单选题Passage Four Letting it out may be bad for your emotional health. Many people assume that sharing feelings openly and often is a positive ideal that promotes mental health. But some social critics and psychologists now conclude that repressing one's feelings may do more good than venting emotions. "A small number of researchers are taking an empirical look at the general assumption that speaking out and declaring one's feelings is better than holding them in," writes Christina Sommers, a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. At Suffilk University, psychologist Jane Bybee classified high-school students on the basis of their self-awareness: "sensitizers" were extremely aware of their internal states, "repressors" focused little on themselves, and "intermediates" occupied the middle range. Bybee then collected Student evaluations of themselves and each other, along with teacher evaluations of the students. On the whole, the repressors were more socially and academically successful than their more "sensitized" classmates. Bybee speculated that repressed people, not emoters, may have a better balance of moods. In a study at Catholic University in Washington, D.C., researcher George Bonanno tested the assumption that, in order to recover mental health, people need to vent negative emotions by discussing their feelings openly. Bonanno and other researchers found that, among adolescent girls who had suffered sexual abuse, those who "showed emotional avoidance" were healthier than those who more openly expressed grief or anger. One study of Holocaust survivors supports Bonanno in suggesting that verbalizing strong emotions may not improve a person's mental health. Researchers found that Holocaust survivors who were encouraged to talk about their experiences in the war fared worse than repressors. They concluded that repression was not pathological response to Holocaust experience and that "talking through" the atrocities failed to being closure to the survivors. Sommers note that in many societies it has been considered normal to repress private feelings, and that "in most cultures stoicism and reticence are valued, while the free expression of emotions is deemed a personal shortcoming." She is concerned that pushing someone to be "sensitizers" may also create a preoccupation with self that excludes outside interests. Sommers is particularly critical of educational approaches that attempt to encourage self-discovery and self-esteem through excessive "openness". Healthy stoicism should not be confused with the emotional numbness that may be brought on by post-traumatic stress disorder. Most people experiencing such traumas as war, assault, or natural disaster can benefit from immediate counseling, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

单选题They are said ______ folk songs now in an Indian tribe. A. collecting B. to collect C. to be collecting D. to have collected

单选题We'd be ______ off without all that noise from the children's room.

单选题A: I wonder when we"ll see the effect this junk food has on our children. B: ______

单选题There was no reason ______ the meeting yesterday. A. for your not attending B. for your not to attend C. for your not attend D. for you to not attend

单选题A variety of extracurricular activities are added in American schools ______.

单选题The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ______ on benches, chairs or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated

单选题The simple act of surrendering a telephone number to a store clerk may not seem harmful—so much so that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold over and over again. Future attacks on your privacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your E-mail inbox. If it"s loaded with spam, it"s undoubtedly because at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your E-mail to the wrong Web site. Do you think your telephone number or address is handled differently? A cottage industry of small companies with names you"ve probably never heard of—like Acxiom or Merlin—buy and sell your personal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures are bartered. You may think your cell phone is unlisted, but if you"ve ever ordered a pizza, it might not be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers that advertises sale of unlisted phone numbers compiled from various sources— including pizza delivery companies. These unintended, unpredictable consequences that flow from simple actions make privacy issues difficult to grasp, and grapple with. In a larger sense, privacy also is often east as a tale of "Big Brother" —the government is watching you or a big corporation is watching you. But privacy issues don"t necessarily involve large faceless institutions: A spouse takes a casual glance at her husband"s Blackberry, a co-worker looks at E-mail over your shoulder or a friend glances at a cell phone text message from the next seat on the bus. While very little of this is news to anyone—people are now well aware there are video cameras and Internet cookies everywhere—there is abundant evidence that people live their lives ignorant of the monitoring, assuming a mythical level of privacy. People write E-mails and type instant messages they never expect anyone to see. Just ask Mark Foley or even Bill Gates, whose E-mails were a cornerstone of the Justice Department"s antitrust case against Microsoft. And polls and studies have repeatedly shown that Americans are indifferent to privacy concerns. The general defense for such indifference is summed up a single phrase: "I have nothing to hide. " If you have nothing to hide, why shouldn"t the government be able to peek at your phone records, your wife see your E-mails or a company send you junk mails? It"s a powerful argument, one that privacy advocates spend considerable time discussing and strategizing over. It is hard to deny, however, that people behave differently when they"re being watched. And it is also impossible to deny that Americans are now being watched more than at any time in history.

单选题The boy students in this school are nearly ______ as the girl students to say they intended to get a college degree in business. A. as likely twice B. likely as twice C. as twice likely D. twice as likely

单选题The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and ______ workers. A. consistent B. conscious C. confidential D. conscientious

单选题The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape.

单选题Among the following people, who mostly need to read this passage?

单选题Under that tall tree ______ a man whose leg was broken. A. lay B. lying C. is lying D. lies

单选题The Basque separatist movement is Uwaging/U a campaign against the Government.

单选题 Because of its potential for cutting costs, the distribution step in the marketing process is receiving more attention. Distribution involves warehousing, transporting and keeping inventory of manufactured products. Take an everyday product like fabric softener. After it comes off the assembly line, it's packed in cartons and trucked to warehouses around the country. When orders come in from retailers, the fabric softener is delivered to supermarket shelves. This is distribution. Probably the most crucial area for controlling costs is inventory. Companies don't want to overproduce and have unsold stock of their product piled up in warehouses. Wholesale companies and large retail chains employ several techniques for inventory control. This is where the computer revolution really had an impact. Computerized information systems give precise and up-to-date accounts of inventory on hand. And the field of distribution offers good entry-level jobs for persons with training in computer programming or data processing. Overseeing the whole area of distribution is the distribution manager. This job is becoming increasingly important and can lead to an executive position.

单选题Applicant will be asked to provide information on how they will ______ information to other students at their university or college. A. disclose B. deliver C. spread D. analyze