单选题 If those "mad moments"—when you can't remember what your friend has told you or where you left your keys—are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help. Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years，so do brains，which scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s．"Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us had imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years," said Dr．Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. "I'm convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program," he added. In his book, The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist(神经学家)lists what he refers to as the 10 suggestions for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, reducing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. It's a game plan for keeping brain cells sparking and neural networks in perfect shape. "Misplacing your keys a couple of times don't mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back," he said. Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. Simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as "look" and "connect" are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. "So if you wanted to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs．Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, maybe a high eyebrow," said Small. "You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create a mental picture of Warren Beatty kissing her brow." Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. "Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing," he added. He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in fatty acids, such as fish, nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants(抗氧化剂)including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won't look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates. Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate (半文盲). Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational-repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high-school graduates and high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school. They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system. I will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump card of failure. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter. Our son was a high-school senior when he had her for English. "He sits in the back of the room talking to his friends," she told me. "Why don't you move him to the front row?" I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs. Stifter said, "I don't move seniors. I flunk(使……不及格) them. " Our son's academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this. It was a radical approach for these times, but, well, why not? "She's going to flunk you," I told my son. I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority(头等要事) in his life. He finished out the semester with an A. I know one example doesn't make a case, but at night I see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish. "I should have been held back," is a comment I hear frequently: Even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class, "I don't know how I ever got a high-school diploma. " Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can't learn if they come from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don't put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at risk. They'd rather be sailing. Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they've got. They have a healthy fear of failure. People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Young people generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. But fear of failure can motivate both.

单选题Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. Quite a few years ago when the summers seemed longer and life was not that complicated, we had rented a cottage by a fiver in the heart of the country {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}the whole family was going to {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}a three-week holiday. There were four of us: Mum and Dad, Mum's sister -- Aunt Jane and I. And I mustn't forget to {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Spot, our little dog. I was allowed to go off by myself all day, {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}I promised to be careful and took Spot with me for protection. One nice day I went out fishing with Spot when we heard a lot of shouting in the {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}followed by a scream and splash. I was a bit {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}so I called Spot and we both hid behind a bush. After a few moments, a straw hat came drifting down the river, followed by an oar, a picnic basket and {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}oar. Then came the rowing boat itself, but it was {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}upside down! A few seconds later my Dad and Aunt Jane came running down the river bank, both wet {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Spot started barking so I came out of hiding and said hello. My Dad got really angry at me for not trying to catch the boat as it went past. Luckily, {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the boat and both the oars had been caught by an overhanging tree a little further downstream, but not the hat or picnic basket. So I had to let them share my sandwiches.

单选题Grandpa: Robbie, we'll go fishing soon, and we'll take 5tour dad with us. Grandson: I'm ready, Grandpa.______. A. Yon name the day I3. Enjoy yourselves C. You can't miss it D. Take your time

单选题Man. I can't stand action movies. They are so loud and meaningless. Woman: ______ A. I like documentaries, instead. B. Well, they certainly offer you a good laugh. C. When did you see it? D. Do you go to action movies often?

单选题It is easy for scientists to understand the significance of the doctor's findings.

单选题Coffee has been a favorite drink for centuries，_______the time when we were drinking it strong and black，without sugar.

单选题Many ______ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A. probabilities B. realities C. necessities D. opportunities

单选题{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}} If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result, we are aging unnecessarily soon. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of aging could be slowed down. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volumes of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect and emotion, and determine the human character. The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties. Contraction of front and side parts -- as cells die off -- was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age -- using the head. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa , are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant. Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. "The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain." he says. "Think hard and engage in conversation. Don't rely on pocket calculators."

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions blow each passage by choosing A, B, C and D． {{B}}Text 1{{/B}} A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work. After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly, "It's a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?" "I don't know," replied Faraday, "but I do know that 100 years from now you'll be taxing them. " From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4, 000 years ago to the workings of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms ... to Hannibal's remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B．C．with 90, 000 foot soldiers, 12, 000 horsemen and a "conveyor belt" of 40 elephants ... or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality. These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, division of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes, among them John Kay's Flying Shuttle in 1733, James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Crompton's Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright's Power Loom in 1785．

单选题This research has attracted wide ______ coverage and has featured on BBC television' s Tomorrow' s World.

单选题The difference between the afternoon high and the evening low is greatest in ______.

单选题How long did it take her to fly to Australia?

单选题There's a very informative ______ on AIDS in today's paper.

单选题He didn't seem to mind ______ TV while he was trying to study. A. them to watch B. that they watch C. their watching D. them watch

单选题The history of African-Americans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated (1) an ongoing struggle against (2) and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle (3) as an upward movement (4) toward ever more justice and opportunity. Technology in and of (5) is not at fault; it's much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics (6) been the enemy of an (7) group of people. A certain machine is put (8) work in a certain way-the purpose (9) which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to (10) a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply, following the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization since the Renaissance.

单选题We interviewed ten ______ but did not find anyone suitable.

单选题The software is a popular tool in business, where it ______ and simplifies such procedures as budgeting.

单选题For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Apollo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war. Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before. Today Mars looms (隐约出现) as humanity"s next great terra incognita (未探明之地 ). And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet"s reddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destined to take a leading role? The question naturally invites a couple of others: Are there experiments that only humans could do on Mars? Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space? With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite (陨石) from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science; the prevalence of life in the universe. (362 words)