单选题I don’t suppose you’re leaving this evening，______? A．won’t you B．are you C．aren’t you D．do I

单选题The high living standards of US cause its present population to ______ 25 percent of the world's oil. A. assume B. consume C. resume D. presume

单选题 Color is very important to most animals for it helps them to get along in the world. Color{{U}} (31) {{/U}}to make an animal difficult for its enemies to see. Many animals match their{{U}} (32) {{/U}}so well that as long as they do not move no one is{{U}} (33) {{/U}}to see them. You probably have often "jumped" a rabbit. If you{{U}} (34) {{/U}}, you know how the rabbit sits perfectly still{{U}} (35) {{/U}}you are just a few feet away. You{{U}} (36) {{/U}}see the rabbit till it runs for its{{U}} (37) {{/U}}matches very closely the place where it is{{U}} (38) {{/U}}Many times you may have walked past a rabbit{{U}} (39) {{/U}}didn't run and you never knew it was there at all. One of the most usual color schemes that helps animals to keep{{U}} (40) {{/U}}being seen, is a dark back and light underpants, if an animal is the same color all over, there is always a dark shadow along the animal's belly (腹部). Even if an enemy couldn't see the animal he could see this dark shadow.

单选题Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter- century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far- off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. " So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, "Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as 'a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are. '" Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975 ,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967 ,the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed tong before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.

单选题We were struck by the extent ______ which teachers' decisions served the interests of the school rather than those of the students. A. to B. for C. in D. with

单选题The manager is calling on a ______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract. A. prosperous B. preliminary C. pessimistic D. prospective

单选题______ he works hard, I don't find when he finishes the experiment. A. As soon as B. As well as C. So long as D. So far as

单选题______ the explosion occurred was that the laboratory attendant had been careless. A. That B. What C. Why D. How

单选题It might seem natural to gauge the amount of discrimination in labor markets by looking at the average wages of different groups. For instance, in recent years the wage of the average black worker in the U.S. has been about 20 percent less than the wage of the average white workers. The wage of the average female worker has been about 30 percent less than the wage of the average male worker. These wage differentials are sometimes presented in political debate as evidence that many employers discriminate against blacks and women. Yet there is an obvious problem with this approach. Even in a labor market free of discrimination, different people have different wages. People differ ill the amount of human capital they have and in the kinds of work they are able and walling to do. The wage differences we observe in the economy are, to a large extent, attributable to the determinants of equilibrium wages. Simply observing differences in wages among broad groups say little about the prevalence of discrimination. Consider, for example, the role of human capital. About 80 percent of white male workers have a high school diploma, and 25 percent have a college degree By contrast, only 67 percent of black male workers have a high school diploma, and only 12 percent have a college degree. Thus, at least some of the difference between the wages of whites and the wages of blacks can be traced to differences in educational attainment, Similarly, among white workers, 25 percent of men have a college degree, whereas only 19 percent of women have a college degree, indicating that some of the difference between the wages of men and women is attributable to educational attainment. In fact, human capital is probably even more important in explaining wage differentials than the foregoing numbers suggest. For many years, public schools in predominantly black areas have been of lower quality than public schools in predominantly white areas. Similarly, for many years, schools directed girls away from science and math courses, even though these subjects may have greater value in the marketplace than some of the alternatives. If we could measure the quality as well as the quality of education, the differences in human capital among these groups would seem even larger. Human capital acquired in the form of job experience can also help explain wage differences. In particular, women tend to have less job experience on average than men. One reason is that female labor-force participation has increased over the past seven decades. Because of this historic change, the average female worker today is younger than the average male worker. In addition, women are more likely to interrupt their careers to raise children. For both reasons, the experience of the average female worker is less than the experience of the average male worker. Yet another source of wage differences is compensating differentials. Some analysts have suggested that women take more pleasant jobs on average than men and this fact explains some of the earnings differential between men and women. For example, women are more likely to be secretaries, and men are more likely to be truck drivers. The relative wages of secretaries and truck drivers depend in part on the working conditions of each job. Because these nonmonetary aspects are hard to measure, it is difficult to gauge the practical importance of compensating differentials in explaining the wage difference that we observe. In the end, the study of wage differences among groups does not establish any clear conclusion about the prevalence of discrimination in U.S. labor markets. Most economists believe that some of the observed wage differentials are attributable to discrimination, but there is no consensus about how much. The only conclusion about which economists are in consensus is a negative one: Because the differences in average wages among groups in part reflect differences in human capital and job characteristics, they do not by themselves say anything about how much discrimination there is in the labor market. Of course, differences in human capital among groups of workers may themselves reflect discrimination. The inferior schools historically available to black students, for instance, may be traced to prejudice on the part of city councils and school boards. But this kind of discrimination occurs long before the worker enters the labor market. In this case, the disease is political, even if the symptom is economic.

单选题He is a very honest official and never ______ any gifts from the people who sought his help. A. accepted B. received C. took up D. obtain

单选题A: Haven't we met somewhere? B: No, I don't think so. A: Aren't you Kevin Grant? B: No. No, my name's Greg. Greg Brown. A: ______.

单选题______ that many of the big trees were damaged.

单选题Lame as he is, he is interested in so many things and enjoys reading about them so much that he is ______ unhappy. A. anything but B. nothing but C. rather than D. more than,

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. {{B}}Passage One{{/B}} One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in North America enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on. At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world's people; yet we consume one-third of the world's resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter. But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources. As Americans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world's resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine' the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumed. If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanced. But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn't make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today, Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we're going to have to answer, whether we're trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world's resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the world. It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them.

单选题Text 1 Publicity offers several benefits. There are no costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost 500,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. However, there are costs for news releases, a publicity department, and other items. As with advertising, publicity reaches a mass audience. Within a short time, new products or company policies are widely known. Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women's Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they flip through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly. Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions cited by the media and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like. For example, in 1982, Protect problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo, A few ministers and other private citizens believed that the symbol was sacrilegious. These beliefs were covered extensively by the media and resulted in the firm receiving 15,000 phone calls about the rumor in June alone. To combat this negative publicity, the firm issued news releases featuring prominent clergy that refuted the rumors, threatened to sue those people spreading the stories, and had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America. The media cooperated with the company and the false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, negative publicity became so disruptive that Protect it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media ascertain whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it. A company-sponsored job program might go unreported or receive three-sentence coverage in a local newspaper.

单选题The great earthquake ______ him to lost almost all his family members. A. compelled B. led C. made D. resulted

单选题It seems that many people think that______.

单选题 Gene therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years. While it's true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells haven't begun to specialize. Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells--brain cells in Alzheimer's, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few. If doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue. It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still can't be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations. But if efforts to understand and master stem-cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power. The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin; true cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent. For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmot did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year. Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true "miracle cure."

单选题To encourage the elephants to paint well, the keeper

单选题 In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointing {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Skyscrapers are also enormous {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts-- enough to {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-wailed skyscraper can be especially {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}heating and air-conditioning equipment, {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}with silver or gold mirror films that reduce {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}as well as heat gain. However, {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put severe pressure on a city's sanitation {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year--as {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}as a city the size of Stamford, Connecticut, which has a {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}of more than 109,000. Skyscrapers also {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic. Still, people {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them--personal ambition and the {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space.