单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} For the first time, stem cells purified from fat have been used to heal an injury in a living animal. Michael Longaker of Stanford University in California and his team showed in mouse experiments that so-called adipose derived adult stromal (ADAS) cells purified from a rodent's belly fat could be coaxed to heal a skull fracture too large to mend by itself. The power of ADAS cells to transform into bone, cartilage and even neurons has been studied for years in test tubes. But Jeffrey Gimble, who studies human ADAS cells at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge says Longaker's report is an important step forward. "Actually repairing a defect in an animal model had never been done. This is an excellent study." If the same technique works in humans, these cells could be coaxed to mend broken bones and correct other defects in tens of thousands of surgical procedures each year in which bone grafts and prosthetics are now necessary. Longaker's group tested the ability of ADAS cells to heal four-millimetre-long fractures surgically-induced in the skulls of mice. In 12 weeks, the cells filled 70 to 90 per cent of the defects, while untreated animals had only unorganized bone formation in less than 10 per cent of the fractures. No extreme genetic manipulation or treatment of the cells was necessary. ADAS cells began manufacturing bone when they were simply laid onto a biodegradable polymer that contained apatite, a compound that naturally occurs in bone. Furthermore, the ADAS cells performed as well as bone marrow stromal cells, which would seem to be more natural architects of bone. It remains to be seen whether human ADAS cells will build bone as effectively. But researchers are excited about the prospects. Human bone marrow stromal cells are already being used in clinical trials as sources of skeleton-building material, but the ADAS cells may have some significant advantages. Longaker reports that ADAS cells grow seven times faster than the bone marrow cells in the laboratory. And it is relatively easy to harvest more than a litre of fat tissue, even from patients who are not obese. Bone marrow is much less plentiful and must be removed in a painful surgical procedure. Of course, liposuction itself is not a pleasant operation. But according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, more than 300,000 people volunteered to have the procedure in 2003 simply for cosmetic reasons. "If the procedure was the first step to healing broken bones or replacing other tissue its popularity could only grow," says Gimble. "Just think of that."

单选题Guest: Oh, I hadn't realized how late it was. I'm afraid I'll have to be going. Host: Oh, not yet. I'm just going to make some coffee. Guest: ______ , though I'd really love to stay. I've got to be up by six tomorrow morning, unfortunately. Thank you for a wonderful party.

单选题A cup of tea is almost a symbol of British culture. As a nation, we are well-known for our strong liking for this particular hot drink, especially if it is accompanied by some cake or biscuits. Here are some facts about tea drinking habits in the UK: 1) There is no real tea time All around the world, everyone thinks that British people drink tea every day at 5 o"clock in the afternoon. In reality, we drink tea at every hour of the day, from the minute we get up to the last thing before going to bed. Of course it"s quite likely that a British person will drink tea around the middle of the afternoon, but it"s also common to drink it with breakfast. 2) The perfect partner: scones Scones are a simple kind of cake, slightly sweet and usually served with jam and cream. They are excellent with tea. In fact, if you order a "cream tea" in the UK, you"ll get a teapot accompanied by a plateful of these little treats. Delicious! 3) Milk in tea British people nearly always put milk in their tea. This seems strange to people from other European countries, who would rather drink their tea without adding anything to it. In Britain, people add a certain quantity of milk depending on taste and the tea ends up being opaque (不透明) and brown instead of clear. People are always shocked when I say that I prefer coffee to tea. Tea really is part of our cultural identity, whether we like it or not!

单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor through your work may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (独白) as: "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarreling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (阻碍) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn (哈欠) and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.

单选题______ we need more practice is quite clear. A. When B. What C. That D. /

单选题 The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death." George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery," he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide." On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, {{I}}Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life.{{/I}} It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

单选题 Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer ,from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food {{U}}(31) {{/U}} it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an attractively served meal will often improve a child's appetite. Never ask a child {{U}}(32) {{/U}} he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow {{U}}(33) {{/U}} else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables, in the child's hearing he is {{U}}(34) {{/U}} to copy this procedure. Take it {{U}}(35) {{/U}} granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a supposed dislike. At meal times it is a good {{U}}(36) {{/U}} to give a child a small portion and let him come back for a second helping rather than give him as {{U}}(37) {{/U}} as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child {{U}}(38) {{/U}} meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not {{U}}(39) {{/U}} him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food so he can hurry back to his toys. Under {{U}}(40) {{/U}} circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄骗) or forced to eat.

单选题Mother: Danny! Don't make any sound when you have your soup.Danny: Yes, Mum.Father: ______. He's only a child.

单选题Trouble was expected at the football match, so the police had to be there ______. A. in plenty B. in full C. in number D. in force

单选题The chief reason for the population growth isn't so much a rise in birth rates ______ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. A. and B. as C. but D. or

单选题An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is______.

单选题A. Do you mind my taking this seat? B: ______ A. Yes, sit down please. B. No, of course not. C. Yes, take it please. D. No, you can't take it.

单选题If you want to have a walk every morning in Lincoln Park, which hotel should be the best choice?

单选题 Change, or the ability to {{U}}(31) {{/U}} oneself to a changing environment is essential {{U}}(32) {{/U}} evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself: he can transfer to another place and master the problems {{U}}(33) {{/U}} to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps {{U}}(34) {{/U}} a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can't adapt its trade or defense requirements to {{U}}(35) {{/U}} world conditions faces an economic and military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. {{U}}(36) {{/U}} must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, and movement backward, which is decay and deterioration. In a changing world, traction can be a force for good or for evil. {{U}}(37) {{/U}} long as it offers a guide, it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step {{U}}(38) {{/U}} and, thereby adapt themselves to {{U}}(39) {{/U}} circumstances. But if we make an idol of tradition, it ceases to be a guide. It becomes an obstacle {{U}}(40) {{/U}} on the path of course. Man is to accept the help which tradition can give but to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.

单选题The government is trying to ______ public confidence in its management of the economy.

单选题Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, ______ for Europe this afternoon. A. is leaving B. leave C. are to leave D. are leaving

单选题The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly ______. A. noticed B. being noticed C. to notice D. to be noticed

单选题An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality (21) our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are (22) Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, (23) being seen. There is a type of authority which can be (24) from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. (25) there is movement and action, the true leader is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the (26) for anecdotes, whether true or (27) , character. One of the simplest devices is to be absent (28) the occasion when the leader might be (29) to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business (30) has detained him. To (31) up for this, he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display (32) things which other folks might (33) as trivial. With this gift for (34) curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is (35) in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all (36) is relevant. He never leaves a party (37) he has mentally formed a minimum dossier (档案) on (38) present, ensuring that he knows (39) to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen (40) talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof.

单选题Speaker A: We"ve made an appointment with the students, We"ll meet at 7 in the morning. Can you come on time? Speaker B: I"m afraid, ______. It"s too early.

单选题 According to the dictionary definition of "create", ordinary people are creative every day. To create means "to bring into being, to cause to exist" --something each of us does daily. We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First this involves an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our sense to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss. A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. If we believe the expression, "There is nothing new under the sun," the creativity is remaking or recombining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph. A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to apply them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work is another. These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also involved in many of our day to day activities.