单选题We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 748 hours' sleep alternating with some 16417 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week: a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p. m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep find other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work. This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the Changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal day-time work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only adjust gradually back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far; however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.

单选题Whose works will be on show on Jan. 6 at China National Art Museum?

单选题Speaker A: We've made an appointment with the students. We'll meet at 7 in the morning. Can you come on time? Speaker B: I'm afraid, ______. It's too early. A. I can't make it B. I can't do it C. I can't get it D. I can't achieve it

单选题The manager was very pleased with the increased ______ from the factory last month.

单选题The affair looks suspicious to me.

单选题Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage: Wood carving refers to the art of creating or decorating objects of wood by carving with a sharp, hand-held tool. This form of art has a history of over 1,000 years and a unique artistic style. The following is some introduction about wood carving in America. Wood carving began as a necessity in America and developed into an art. Because of the lack of other materials, early settlers were forced to make tools and utensils out of wood. At first, these articles were whittled with a knife, but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashioned on a lathe--a machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool. However, even after Massachusetts-born Thomas Blancard designed a lathe which could turn irregular shapes--an innovation that made possible mass production of gunstocks, shoe lasts, oblong and square wooden wares--craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand. Some found ready employment in shops of cabinetmakers, while others, carved decoy. Still others specialized in creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork. A few even accepted commissions to make busts of prominent citizens.

单选题The police officer stopped David when he was driving home and ______ him of speeding. A. charged B. accused C. blamed D. deprived

单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} As human children are unusually dependent for an unusually long time, it's obvious that every society must provide a domestic context in which the children are brought up and educated. In present day English, the word ‘family’ has two meanings: firstly, the {{U}}(1) {{/U}} group of parents and children; and secondly, a {{U}}(2) {{/U}} of relations who might be expected to {{U}}(3) {{/U}} at a wedding or a {{U}}(4) {{/U}}. At the first level, my brothers and sisters and myself are all in the same {{U}}(5) {{/U}} as children, but in different ones as parents; but at the second {{U}}(6) {{/U}}, we're all in the same family from start to finish. As nuclear families become more {{U}}(7) {{/U}}, families of relations become more dispersed (分). The young mother can still talk to her Mum on the phone, but she can't ask her to {{U}}(8) {{/U}} for a few minutes to watch the baby. Ideas about the {{U}}(9) {{/U}} of women have been changing: wives are thought to be the {{U}}(10) {{/U}} of their husbands rather than their {{U}}(11) {{/U}}. But perhaps they're more {{U}}(12) {{/U}} enslaved to their children than before. The point is that there doesn't seem to be any {{U}}(13) {{/U}}. There is a genuine {{U}}(14) {{/U}} between the right of the woman to be treated as a free and self-respected {{U}}(15) {{/U}}, and the right of the child to demand care and {{U}}(16) {{/U}}. We have created for ourselves three {{U}}(17) {{/U}}: social equality of men and women: {{U}}(18) {{/U}} of the marriage; and lifelong love and {{U}}(19) {{/U}} between parents and children. However, we have {{U}}(20) {{/U}} a social system in which it's quite impossible for these factors to co-exist.

单选题______ we need to complete the construction is two million dollars. A. All what B. That all C. That D. What

单选题In the past, degrees were very unusual in my family. I remember the day my uncle graduated. We had a huge party, and for many years my mother called him "the genius" and listened to his opinion. Today in comparison, five of my brothers and sisters have degrees, and two are studying for their masters". However, some people think that this increased access to education is devaluing degrees. People have several arguments against the need for degrees. They say that having so many graduates devalues a degree. People lose respect for the degree holder. It is also claimed that education has become a rat race. Graduates have to compete for jobs even after years of studying. Another point is that studying for such a long time leads to learners becoming inflexible. They know a lot about one narrow subject, but are unable to apply their skills. Employers prefer more flexible and adaptable workers. However, I feel strongly that this move to having more qualifications is a positive development. In the past education was only for the rich; and powerful. Now it is available to everyone, and this will have many advantages for the country and the individual. First of all, it is impossible to be overeducated. The more people are educated, the better the world will be, because people will be able to discuss and exchange ideas. A further point is that people with degrees have many more opportunities. They can take a wider variety of jobs and do what they enjoy doing, instead of being forced to take a job they dislike. Finally, a highly educated workforce is good for the economy of the country. It attracts foreign investment. In conclusion, although there are undoubtedly some problems with increased levels of education, I feel strongly that the country can only progress if all its people are educated to the maximum of their ability.

单选题(Historically) (there) (has been) (only) two major factions(部分) in the Republican Party -- the liberals and the conservatives.A. HistoricallyB. thereC. has beenD. only

单选题Dancer Martha Graham trained her body to move in different ways and in different contexts from any before attempted "Life today is nervous, sharp, and zigzag," she said, "it often stops in midair. That is what I aim for in my dances. " She insisted she never started out to be a rebel. It was only that the emotions she had to express could not be projected through any of the traditional forms. This was in 1925. All forms of art were undergoing a revolution. The theories of psychology were being used to extend the boundaries of poetry, music, and painting. Martha Graham"s first dance concert in her new idiom occurred on April 18, 1926. Experts of dance gathered at the Forty-eight Street Theatre in New York and witnessed Martha Graham"s first foray into this new realm of dance. They saw, through such dance sequences as "Three Gobi Maidens", and "A Study in Lacquer", desires and conflicts expressed through bodily movement. These critics agreed that something entirely new, a departure from all previous forms had been witnessed. In the early thirties, she founded the Martha Graham School of Contemporary Dance. Her classes were used as laboratory for her stage works, and her stage works in turn were a means for attracting new pupils to her school—a sort of self-winding process, with herself as the key to the development. Martha Graham and the school she had founded are virtually equivalent to the modern dance. She had not only produced a technique of dance, choreographed and taught it, but her students have gone out to fill the modern dance world.

单选题I suppose you are not serious, ______?

单选题A: Please remember me to your parents. B: ______.

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} While it is true that Americans believe climbing the educational ladder leads to success, they are less certain that intellectual achievement is the only important factor leading to success. A competitive personality is seen as important to success, especially in men. The development of social and political skills is also considered to be very important. To help Americans develop these other important skills, schools have added a large number of extracurricular (课程) activities to daily life at school. This is especially true of high schools and colleges and ex tends down into elementary schools as well. Athletics, frequently called "competitive sports," are perhaps the most important of these activities. Football, basketball, and baseball teams are seen as very important in teaching students, particularly boys, the "winning spirit". At times, athletic teams seem to become more important to some students and their parents than the academic programs offered by the schools.

单选题 {{B}}Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage:{{/B}} Wood carving refers to the art of creating or decorating objects of wood by carving with a sharp, hand-held tool. This form of art has a history of over 1,000 years and a unique artistic style. The following is some introduction about wood carving in America. Wood carving began as a necessity in America and developed into an art. Because of the lack of other materials, early settlers were forced to make tools and utensils out of wood. At first, these articles were whittled with a knife, but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashioned on a lathe--a machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool. However, even after Massachusetts-born Thomas Blancard designed a lathe which could turn irregular shapes--an innovation that made possible mass production of gunstocks, shoe lasts, oblong and square wooden wares--craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand. Some found ready employment in shops of cabinetmakers, while others, carved decoy. Still others specialized in creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork. A few even accepted commissions to make busts of prominent citizens.

单选题{{B}}Part B{{/B}}Directions: In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Canada's premiers ( the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs. They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs. 41．____________________________________________________________ What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution. 42. ____________________________________________________________ But " national" doesn't have to mean that. " National" could mean interprovincial- provinces combining efforts to create one body. Either way, one benefit of a "national" organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province-or a series of hospitals within a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces. Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economies suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price. 43. ____________________________________________________________ A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably and regrettably, Quebec refused to join. A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They ( particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That's one reason why the idea of a nationalist hasn't gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast. 44. ____________________________________________________________ Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow's report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: "A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs. " 45. ____________________________________________________________ So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients. A．Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 percent ! B．Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report : "The substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies" C．What does "national" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council. D．The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues. E. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall heahh-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices. F. So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices. G. Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like a national agency, but self- interest would lead them to deal with it.

单选题I would like to express my ______ to you all for supporting me this summer as a visiting scholar in your department. A. satisfaction B. gratitude C. pleasure D. sincerity

单选题I was ______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.